Kutheni iCongress ihoyile inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
- Ivumela iNdlu yabaBameli kunye neSeti ukuba ibe neekomiti zabo zeebhajethi zokuma. Oku kubanika amandla okudala uhlahlo lwabo lwabiwo-mali ukuba basebenzisane ekuxoxiseni iindleko zokugqibela ezibelwe.
- Yakha iHhovisi leNgxowa-mali yeCongress . Le ofisi inika uhlalutyo olungengabandakanyeli ukuququzelela ukuhlaziywa kweCandelo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwebhajethi yomongameli ngamnye kunyaka-mali.
- Kwasusa ekuqaleni komnyaka-mali ukususela ngoJulayi 1 ukuya ku-Oktobha 1 ukunika amagosa amatsha amanyulwa ukuba ahlaziye isabelomali sonyaka ngamnye.
Umgaqo-siseko wase-US, iCandelo 1, icandelo 7 linike iNkomfa amandla okunyusa imali kunye nokuchitha. Indlu ivela kwiibhili, kwaye i-Senate iyayilungisa. UMthetho woLawulo loHlahlo lwabiwo-mali uphakathi kwaye udibanise ukuba igunya lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Amanyathelo ayisithoba kwiNkqubo yeBhajethi yeSithili
Inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali iqalisa unyaka opheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba unyaka wezimali uwenze. Unyaka-mali uqala ngo-Oktobha 1, unyaka ngaphambi konyaka wekhalenda uqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-FY 2018 yaqala ngo-Oktobha 1, 2017, kwaye iyaqhutywa ngoSeptemba 30, 2018. Inkqubo-mali yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2018 lwaqala ngowa-2016.
Ukuqala kokuwa kwe-2016. Zonke i-arhente zedolophu zifake izicelo zabo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwi-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi. I-OMB ilungiselela kwaye ilawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomongameli.
Novemba 2016 . I-OMB ithumela ukuhlaziywa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwi-arhente.
Disemba 2016 . Ii-Arhente zithumele izicelo zabo zokugqibela zesabelomali. I-OMB ke yaqokelela isabelo-mali sokugqibela kwaye siyithumela kumongameli ongenayo.
NgoJanuwari 2017. Umnqophiso wokuba umongameli abekezele izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiBhanki yeNyunyana . IBhunga labacebisi bezoQoqosho lithumele " ingxelo yoqoqosho kaMongameli ." Yayihlalutya iimeko zoqoqosho. UMongameli weTump ye- SOTU yayinguFebhuwari 27, 2017.
NgoMvulo wokuqala ngoFebruwari 2017. Umhla wokuba umongameli angenise ibhajethi yakhe kwiCongress. Oku kufakwe ngokukhawuleza ukulawula omtsha. I-Trump yathumela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY ka-2018 ngoMeyi 23, 2017. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaMongameli lubeka i-dollar kunye neentente kwiindawo ezintathu:
- Amanqanaba okuxhaswa kumagunya aseburhulumenteni.
- Utshintsho kwiiprogram ezigunyazisiweyo ezisele zenziwe yiCongress. Ezi ziquka u-Medicare, ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo, iMedicaid, iNkqubo yokuXhaswa kweeNkathazo ezixakekisayo , kunye noMthetho woNonophelo ojongene noThathaka .
- Iinguqu kwikhowudi yentlawulo. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lufanele lubonise impembelelo kwingeniso yemali.
Ngo-Aprili 15, 2017. I- Congress ilungiselela isisombululo sesabelomali sokukhokela imali. Iikomiti zohlahlo lwabiwo lweNdlu kunye neSeti nganye ziba neengxoxo kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni abachaza isizathu sokuba bafune iimali eziceliwe. Iikomiti zihambisa izisombululo zabo kwivoti yomgangatho. Ikomiti yekomiti yenkomfa yeSeshate kunye neNdlu ibonisa ukungaboni ngaso. Isigqibo sokugqibela sesabelomali kufuneka sidluliswe ngamavoti amaninzi kwiNdlu naseSenate.
Ixesha leNkcazo liye ludlula le nyathelo, kwaye lilungelelaniso kwisigqibo sonyaka.
NgoJuni 10, 2017. I- Congress isebenzisa isisombululo sesabelomali ukukhokela imali yamatyala . Bachaza imali kwi-arhente ngalinye kwibhajethi yokuqonda . INdlu kunye neSenethi nganye ine-12 Imali ephantsi kweekomiti. Bathi baninzi ukuva, ngoko balungiselele kwaye badlulise iibhokhwe zabo. Ezi ziya kwiikomiti zeenkomfa ezili-12 ukuze zenze iimeko ezahlukileyo. Iindleko zokugqibela ziya kumgangatho wokuvota ngaphambi kokuya kumongameli ukuze zisayinwe.
Okwangoku, indlu nganye yeCongress inamakomidi agunyazisiweyo ukujongana naluphi na utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwiimfuno ezifunekayo okanye imithetho yerhafu. Ezi ziya kwiikomiti zohlahlo lwabiwo-Senate neNdlu ukuvota. Ikomidi lekomfa libonisa ukungafani. Ibhilidi yokugqibela iya kumgangatho wevoti yokugqibela ngaphambi kokuya kumongameli.
Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo akawafumani kude kube nguSeptemba ekuqaleni. Umongameli uthatha le ntlawulo njengenoma nayiphi na enye ingeniswe yiCongress. UMgaqo-siseko uchaza ukuba umele awamkele okanye avume ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili- 10 ezizayo . I-veto ithetha inkqubo kufuneka iqale kwakhona. Umongameli unokuvumela kwakhona uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuba luqhube phambili ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe.
Oktobha 1, 2017 . Umnqophiso wokugqibela ukusayinisa zonke iindleko zomthetho. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, iCongress inezigqibo ezimbini. Ingadlulisa isisombululo esiqhubekayo sokugcina ii-arhente zedolophu eziqhuba kumanqanaba abo angoku. Olunye ukhetho ukuvumela ukuvala urhulumente . Oko kuthetha ukuba zonke iinkqubo ezingabalulekanga zokuvota zivaliwe, kwaye abasebenzi bavuleka ngaphandle kokuhlawula. Oku kwenzeka ngo-2013.
NgoJulayi 15, 2018. UMongameli uthumela ukuhlaziywa kweMidi-midlalo yeSabelo-mali kwiCongress.
Indima ye-USTreasury
IiNkonzo zoLawulo lwezeMali zeSebe likaNondyebo zenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa lusebenza. Le yile nkonzo eyenza iintlawulo, iqokelela imali kunye neengxowa-mali, kunye nemiba yemiba equka iNkcazo yeNondyebo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa iNkqubo yeBhajethi ingalandelwa
Ukususela ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe - FY 2010 , iCongress ilandele kuphela inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ezinye iingcali zithetha ukuba inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ayifanelekanga. Okokuqala, yatshintsha umthwalo wobunkokheli bebhajethi kwiCongress. Loo mzimba awululwanga ukuba uthathe inxaxheba yobunkokheli. Okwesibini, lifuna umgangatho wokubambisana apho iCongress ayisetyenziswanga ukudibana. Okwesithathu, lidala ixesha elidlulileyo lokugqibela.
Iziganeko ukususela ngoonyulo lwangexesha eliphakathi ngo-2010 lubonakala lixhasa le ngxabano. AmaRiphabhlikhi atyhola ininzi kwiNdlu sibonga ngokunyakaza kweqela le- tea . Kodwa amaDemokhrasi alawula i-Senate kunye noongameli. AmaRiphabhulikhi, ukwenqaba ukuxhasa inkxaso - mali ye-President Obama , ashiye inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Basebenzisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali njengesicwangciso sokuxoxisana ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2011 aluzange luvunywe kude kube ngo-Ephreli 2011, inyanga ezintandathu emva kweshedyuli. Amashishini karhulumente amaninzi acelwa ukuba avaliwe. AmaRiphabhulikhi akhathazeke ngokunyuka kwamanqanaba, ngoko ke banciphisa ukuchithwa kwemali nge-$ 38 billion.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2012 aluvunyelwanga kude kube ngoDisemba 2011, iinyanga ezimbini emva kweshedyuli. ICongress yadlulisela uMthetho woLawulo loHlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukunciphisa imali ngokusebenzisa ukulandelwa kwemali.
I- FY 2013 budge t ayizange ivunyiwe. Endaweni yoko, iCongress yadlulisa izigqibo ezinokuqhubekayo zokugcina urhulumente asebenze de kube sekupheleni konyaka-mali. Ezi zigqibo nazo zibandakanya ukunciphisa imali echanekileyo ngokugunyazwa .
Isabelomali se-FY 2014 asizange kuvunywe, nokuba njalo. Kunoko, amaRiphabliki agxininisa ukuvalwa kwekarhulumente iintsuku ezili-16. Urhulumente wavulwa kwakhona xa ekugqibeleni bavuma ukungena kwikomidi yekomiti yebhajethi, eyabangela ukunyaniseka kuka-Disemba 18.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2015 luvunyiwe ngomhla we-13 Disemba 2014. Inkqubo yayingaphezulu ngaphandle kwesiqhelo. UMongameli uBhabheli ubeke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olucetywayo kwiNgqungquthela ngo-Matshi 4, 2014, ngenyanga. Kwaye kwafika ngoDisemba 13 kwi- Senate yaseUnited States ukuba idlulise iNtlawulo yabameli be $ 1.1 trillion. Oku kwacacisa ukunikezelwa kweNgqungquthela yeenyanga ezilisithoba neyesigama ze-FY 2015. Ixhaphaza kuphela i-Homeland Security ngoFebruwari 2015, ngokubhikisha kwezenzo zokulawula zikaMongameli Obama ngokufuduka. UmThetho weBhajethi weBipartisan ubeka ikhefu kwingxenye ecacileyo yebhajethi ye-FY 2015, kunye ntsalela ye-FY 2014.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-FY luye lwadlulelwa ngoDisemba 18, 2015, iinyanga ezimbini kuphela emva kweshedyuli.
Isabelomali se-FY sika-2017 asizange sidlule. Esikhundleni salo, isisombululo esiqhubekayo sagcina imali kwizinga le-FY 2016.
Isabelo-mali se- FY 2018 sagqitywa emva kokuba urhulumente avaliwe kabini. Isisombululo esiqhubekayo sigcinwe u rhu lumente kude kube ngoMatshi 23, 2018. Ngaloo mini, iCongress yadlulisela iBill ye-Omnibus yokuTyala ukulungiselela iimali zebhajethi yokuqonda.
Ukuvalwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 26. Iidemokhrasi zichasene naliphi na i-bill engakhuseli abafuduki abafanelekile kwiSenzo esicatshulwayo sokufikeleleka kwabantwana. Ukuba iCongress ayiyi kulungiswa ngokusisigxina, icebo lika-Trump lokufuduka liya kuphelisa inkqubo ngoFebruwari.
I-yesibini ivaliwe yenzeka ngeeyure ezine neyesigama ngoFebhuwari 9. I-Senator Rand Rand Yongeza i-$ 320 yezigidi kwi-matyala ngokugqithisa iifowuni zenkcitho ezibekwe ngu- sequestration . AmaRiphabliki akhulisa imali yokukhusela i-$ 160 billion ukuya kwii-700 zamawaka ezigidi. Ukulandelwa kweemali kuye kwafikelela kuma-549 billion. Iidemokhrasi zongeze iibhiliyoni ezili-128 zeebhiliyoni ze-nondefense yokuchithwa kwemali. Imirhumo yeRhafu yongeze i-R17 billion. I-Senate yadlulisela ibhilidi kungekudala emva kwe-1. Indlu yadlulisa ngo-5: 30 ekuseni uMongameli uTrump wasayina ngokukhawuleza, wagqiba ukuvalwa phambi kokuba iiofisi zikaRhulumente zivulwe.
Inxalenye yeliso-mthetho ixinyiwe ilanga le- matyala kude kube ngowama-1 kuMatshi, ngo-2019. Ngenxa yoko, umda omtsha uya kuba yinqanaba lematyala ngaloo mini. IKomiti yoLwabiwo-mali oluHloniphekileyo lukaRhulumente lucinge ukuba ityala liya kwanda ukuya kuma-22 trillion ngoko. Ityala lidlula i-$ 21 triliyoni ngoMatshi 15, 2018.
Kutheni iCongress isebenzisa ukuTyala kweMatyala endaweni ye-Budget Process
Ngaphambi kowe-1974, i-Congress kuphela ithuluzi lokulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo- mali lwalubekwe ngetyala , lwenziwa ngowe-1917. Ngoku ukuba inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ibhetele kakhulu, iCongress kufuneka isisebenzise endaweni yokubeka ilityala.