Ngaba i-Trump okanye i-Obama Best kwi-Economy?
UBarack Obama ( uMdemokhrasi ) wayengumongameli we-44 (2009-2017). Njengabameli abaninzi beDemokhrasi , wathembisa ukwandisa irhafu kwiintsapho ezifumana umvuzo ophezulu, ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nokwandiswa kwemimiselo.
Nanku ukuthelekiswa kwemigaqo yabo kwiindawo ezisixhenxe zezoqoqosho ezibalulekileyo: ukukhusela, ukuphulukana kwemali, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, urhwebo, imigaqo, ityala lelizwe kunye noshintsho lwemozulu.
Khuselo
Umongameli ngamnye uhlahlole ngakumbi ukukhusela kunanoma yimuphi ulawulo ukususela kwiWWII. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-$ 574.5 weebhiliyoni kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko kwi-FY 2018. Yiyo iipesenti ezili-10 ngaphezu kwe-$ 526.1 yezigidigidi ezichithwe kwi-DoD ngo-FY 2017.
Kodwa uhlahlo lwabiwo-DoD luyodwa yecandelo lemali yokusetyenziswa kwempi . Kukho inkxaso-mali engxamisekileyo engekho phantsi kokulandelelana. I-Congress inikezela ukuba iimfazwe zasemzini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezempi kufihliwe kwiSebe leNkxaso yeSizwe lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya. ISebe lezoBulungisa lihlawula i-FBI. Ukongezelela, uKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, iSebe likaRhulumente kunye noLawulo lweeVeteran lixhasa ngenkxaso yokukhusela. Xa ezi zidibeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezempi zakwa-FY 2018 yi-$ 827.5 yezigidigidi.
U-Obama wasusa u-Osama bin Laden, owayenobangela bokuhlaselwa kwabangqukuva 9/11 . Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1, 2011, i-Navy SEALs yahlasela umlawuli we-al-Qaida e-Pakistan. Kamva ngaloo nyaka, u-Obama wasusa amajoni e- Iraq War .
Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, iisongelo ezihlaziyiweyo ukusuka kwiqela likaRhulumente wama-Islam lifuna ukuba amabutho abuyele. Ngaphezulu, jonga Ngaba Kuya Kuphela? Indlela i-Sunni-Shiite Split ithinta ngayo uqoqosho lwe-US .
Ngo-2014, u-Obama wonakalisa imfazwe e-Afghanistan . Ukupheliswa kweemfazwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan kufuneka kubencitshiswe imali yenkcitho yonyaka.
Kodwa ayizange iyanciphise kakhulu. Phantse i-$ 800 yezigidigidi , ukusetyenziswa kwezempi kwakuyiyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-FY 2014. Kwakungenye yezona zinto ezibangela ukulahleka kwebhajethi kunye netyala lelizwe. Ngaphezulu, yibona iMfazwe kwiNdleko zoThutho.
U-Obama wasebenzisa iqhinga lokungabikho lomkhosi lokunciphisa ingozi yombutho yenyukliya kunye ne-Iran. NgoJulayi 14, 2015, u-Obama waphula isivumelwano sesivumelwano soxolo kunye ne-Iran. Ngenxa yoko, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zaphakamisa izigwebo zoqoqosho ezibekwa ngo-2010. Ukuze uthole iinkcukacha, khangela uqoqosho lwe-Iran: Impembelelo yoTshintsho lweNyukliya kunye neSigqibo .
U-Obama wanciphise i-US headhead ye-warhead ye-nyukliya egcinwe ngama-10 ekhulwini.
U-Obama wathola umvuzo weNobel woxolo ekunciphiseni imfazwe e-Iraq. Nangona ulwalamano olunokuthula kunye nezenzo, u-Obama wachitha ngaphezulu kokukhusela kunanoma yimuphi omunye umongameli owayephambi kwakhe. Ngomhla wama-2010, ibhajethi yakhe yokuqala, wachitha i-$ 527.2 yezigidigidi kwi-DoD kunye nama-dollar ayi-851.6 yezigidi kwiindleko zomkhosi. Ngo-FY 2011, wafikelela kwi-855.1 yezigidigidi zeemali zedola. Oku kungaphezulu kwesabelomali sikaMongameli uTrump's FY 2018. Kodwa bobabini boongameli basebenzisa imali engaphezulu kunoma yimuphi umongameli wangaphambili.
Ukubuyisela Ukubuyisela
I-Trump yangena kwiofisi ngaphandle kwemali yokulwa. Kodwa wawunqoba ukhetho malunga nomvoti ngabavoti ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho kufanele kube ngcono.
Wathembisa ukukhula kwama-4 ekhulwini. Abavoti bakhe abazange baqaphele ukuba ukukhula okukhawulezileyo akunakulondolozeka kwaye kuyingozi. Iba ngumbhobho odala ukukhula kwemali . Nantsi imimiselo yeso sihlandlo sokujikeleza .
U-Obama wabhekana nomnotho ogqithiseleyo ukususela kwiNkxwaleko enkulu . Wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo wokulwa nawo. Watyikitye i-$ 787 yezigidigidi ze- Economic Stimulus Act . Esi senzo senze imisebenzi kwimfundo nakwiziseko, ekupheliseni umnotho kwikota yesithathu 2009 .
U-Obama wakhankanya imboni ye-auto ngoMelika ngo-Matshi 30, 2009. Urhulumente wezepolisi uthathe iGeneral Motors kunye neChrysler, ukugcina imisebenzi emithathu yezigidi.
U-Obama wasebenzisa i-Bush-era Iimali ze- ARP zokudala i- HARP . Layihlangula abanini bezindlu abaye bahlaselwa phantsi kwiimali zokuhlala.
Ukhathalelo lwempilo
I-Trump yangena kwiofisi kwisithembiso sokutshatyalaliswa nokubuyisela uMthetho woNonophelo ongenakuncedo .
Abaxhasi bakhe baxakeka ngokunyuka kweendleko zonyango . Bathi u-Obamacare. Abaninzi babo balahlekelwa yinshurensi yabo-based based. Emva koko bafumanisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo nganye kwimicimbi yokunakekelwa kwempilo yayibiza kakhulu.
Abanye bacinga ukuba kwakungenakulungeleka ukuba babemkele imigaqo ekhusele ukunyamekelwa kwabazali njengenxalenye yezibonelelo ezi- 10 ezibalulekileyo . Iipolisi zazingabizi kakhulu kuba i-ACA ivimbela umda wonyaka kunye nobomi. Kwakugunyazwa ukuba abo baqinisekisayo bahlanganisa bonke abantu, kwanabo baneemeko zangaphambili .
Umthetho we-ACA wenza utshintsho kwi- Medicare . Olunye utshintsho lwalube luninzi lweendleko zeziyobisi zonyango. Kwakhona kwaqala ukuhlawula izibhedlele ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wokunyamekela, kungekhona uvavanyo okanye inkqubo. Izicwangciso zezonakekelo zempilo azizange zijongane nale micimbi ye-ACA.
Kwaye kwabakho abanye abafuna ukuphelisa irhafu ye-ACA . Ngo-2013, ii-ACA zihlawulisa irhafu kulabo abafumana i-$ 200,000 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngo-2014, nabani na abangazange bafumane i-inshorensi yezempilo bahlawula irhafu.
Isizathu sokuba u-Obama adlulise i-ACA ngo-2010 kukunciphisa iindleko zonyango . Iindleko ze-Medicare neMedicaid zatshitshisa ukuba zidle uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluphilayo. Inombolo 1 ye-bankruptcy yindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo , kwanabo abane-inshurensi. Kungenxa yokuba imigaqo emininzi yelo xesha yayinomlinganiselo wonyaka kunye nobomi obunokugqithiswa lula ngokugula okungapheliyo.
Uninzi lweenzuzo zoMthetho aluzange lusebenze de kube emva ko-2014 . I-Obamacare ivalile i-Medicare "umgodi wokungena." Okubaluleke ngakumbi, inika i-inshorensi yempilo kuwo wonke umntu. Ukunciphisa izindleko zempilo ngokuvumela abantu abaninzi ukuba banakekele unyango lwezempilo . Bangakwazi ukuphatha izifo zabo ngaphambi kokuba badinga ukunakekelwa kwegumbi lokuxakeka. Oku kuye kwanciphisa ukunyuka kweendleko zonyango. Ngaphezulu, jonga indleko ye-Obamacare . (Umthombo: " Ingxelo yeTrasti ," iMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, 2009.)
Urhwebo
Ixilongo laphuma kwi- Trans-Pacific Partnership . Kuza kuba yizona zivumelwano ezinkulu zeentengiso zamahhala . Watshitshisa ukurhoxisa kwi- NAFTA , isivumelwano esikhulu esona sikhulu sehlabathi. Uthe uthe uya kuxoxisana ngezivumelwano ezingcono nakwamanye amazwe .
Ulawulo luka-Obama luxoxisana ne-TPP. Kwakhona kwagqitywa ngokuphumelelayo izivumelwano zombini eMzantsi Korea (2012), eColombia (2011), ePanama (2011) nasePeru (2009). Ulawulo luthethathethwano, kodwa aluzange luqedele, i- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership . I-Trump ayithethi ukuba uya kuqhuba iingxoxo kwi-TTIP.
Ixilongo likhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwezorhwebo . Kwiphulo lakhe, wathembisa ukuhlawula umrhumo wama-35 eepesenti kwimveliso evela eMexico. Uthe uthe uya kubhala iChina nje ngokuba ngumthengisi wemali. I-Trump ithi iShayina iyalinganisekanga imali yayo, i-yuan, ngama-15-40 ekhulwini. Ukuba ayizange iyancishise i-surplus yayo yezorhwebo kunye ne-United States, yayiza kubeka imisebenzi kwizinto zayo zangaphandle. Njengomongameli, uguqule ezinye zezo zibango. Ngaphezulu, jonga iDollar kwi-Yuan Conversion kunye neMbali . (Umthombo: "I-Trump ithi Ayiyi kubhala i-China Currency Manipulator, Ukuguqula iSithembiso seNkampu," IWashington Post, ngo-Aprili 12, 2017.)
Mi miselo
U-Obama wasayina uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act ngo-2010. Wayilawula iinkampani zezimali ezingekho ebhankini, njengeemali zentambo , kunye neziphumo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana ne- swaps default swaps . Yenza enye ingxaki yezemali ubuncipheko. U-Dodd-Frank naye wayelawula i-credit, debit kunye nekhadi lokubhadela . Kwagqitywa iimali-mboleko zokuhlawula kunye neBhunga loKhuseleko lwezeMali.
I-Trump isayine umyalelo olawulayo ucele uNobhala weSebe lezeMali ukuba ahlaziye iDodd-Frank. Le ngxelo, eyakhishwe ngo-Juni 13, 2017, yacetyiswa ukuba imimiselo ye-Dodd-Frank ikhutshwe kwiibhanki ezincinci. Yacetyisa ukunika igunya likaMongameli ukutshaya ulwalathiso lweCFPB nayiphi na isizathu, kungekhona nje ukunganakwa. Kwaye yathi iCongress, kungekhona i- Federal Reserve , kufuneka ibe yintloko yebhajethi yeCFPB.
Ulwaphulo kunye namatyala
Bobabini abaongameli baphumelela kwiingxelo zeebhajethi zokubeka irekhodi. NgoMeyi 23, ngo-2017, uTumpump wangenisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2018 kwiCongress. Inkcitho epheleleyo ecwangcisiweyo i-$ 4.094 trillion phakathi kwe-Oktobha 1, 2017 noSeptemba 30, 2018. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqikelela ukuba urhulumente uya kufumana i-3.654 trillion kwi-revenue. Oku kuya kushiya imali engama-440 yeebhiliyoni.
Ohlala kwisithembiso sikaTrump sokunciphisa ukusilela. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-FY olwenziwa ngu-Congress luqikelela ukulahleka kwee-$ 577 zeebhiliyoni. Oko akunakwenzeka ukuba bonke bathethelelwe ngo-Obama, nangona bekuyibhajethi yakhe yokugqibela. I-Congress ayizange ilandele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-Obama kunye nokulungiswa kwesabelomali. Yakha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluye lwafaka i-$ 38.8 yezigidigidi kwisiphakamiso sesabelomali sokuqala sika-Obama. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwenziwe yiCongress lwaluyi-$ 4 yezigidigidi ngaphezu kwesichibiyelo sebhajethi sikaTrump.
Ixilongo lathembisa ukunciphisa inkunkuma. Esikhundleni saloo nto, wachitha i-$ 4.094 yezigidigidi, ngaphezu kwe-$ 4.037 yezigidigidi ezigidi ezigidigidi ezigidi ezi-1 000 ezihlawulelwe u-FY 2017. Uceba ukunciphisa ukungaphumeleli ngokuzisa imali engaphezulu. Ulawulo luqikelela ukuba luya kufumana i-$ 3.654 trillion, ngaphezu kwe-3.460 trillion eqikelelwa ngo-FY 2017. Ngaphezulu, jonga ama- 5 ngongoma malunga nokuCima iRhafu kaRhulumente .
U-Obama uncedise ekwehliseni okukhulu kwiimbali zase-US. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaMongameli u-Bush, ngo- FY 2009 , lwaqala nge-$ 407 billion. I-TARP yongeze enye i-$ 151 yezigidigidi kwiingxaki. Isicwangciso sokuvuselela sika-Obama songeze iR $ 253 billion. Ukwehla kwemali kuye kwanciphisa ingeniso ngama-dollar ayi-600. Ngenxa yoko, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY ka-2009 lwaluyi-$ 1.4 trillion.
Ukulahleka kwebhajethi ka-2010 ye- FY 2010 kwakungu-1.294 trillion. Ulwabiwo-mali lwe- FY ka-2011 luye lwaba yi-$ 1.3 trillion. Emva koko, njengoko uqoqosho luphuculwe, ukulahleka komnyaka ngamnye kuncinci. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga ukulahlekelwa nguMongameli .
Ngenxa yento yonke, ityala le- US liphakame kakhulu kwixesha lika-Obama. Kungenxa yokuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka longezelela ityala . U-Obama wongezelela i-$ 7.9 trillion ngokuphela kwe-FY 2016. Kukho iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kwiMatyala nguMongameli kunye noBhon Obama wongeza kwiMatyala?
I-Trump ithembise ukunciphisa ityala likazwelonke, kodwa kunoko izongeza ii-5.8 trillion kwii-10 ezizayo. Isicwangciso sakhe sokunciphisa ityala sincike ekunyuseni ukwanda koqoqosho ukuya kuma-6 ekhulwini. Njengabantu abaninzi baseRiphabhuliki, ucebisa ukutyunjwa kwentela ukukhuthaza loo nqanaba lokukhula. Kodwa babeza kwengeza i-$ 4.6 trillion kwi-matyala. Isicwangciso sakhe sokuphelisa i- Obamacare yayiza kufaka i $ 1.2 triliyoni. Kungenxa yokuba i-ACA ibeke irhafu ukuba ihlawule yona. (Umthombo: "Izithembiso kunye neeNkcazo zeTekisi: Uhlaziyo," iKomidi yeSabelo-mali seSigqeba esiLawulayo, uSeptemba 22, 2017.)
Imo iyatshintsha
NgoDisemba 12, 2015, u-Obama wabangela imizamo yehlabathi jikelele ukugqiba isivumelwano se-Paris. Amazwe avumile ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nokunyusa ukuthengiswa kwekhabhoni . Amalungu agqibe ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kuma-degrees Celsius angaphezulu kwamaqondo okushisa kwangaphambili. Amazwe athuthukileyo avumile ukunikela i-$ 100 yezigidigidi ngonyaka ukwenzela ukunceda iimarike ezikhulayo. Amazwe amaninzi asekhulayo aphethe ubunzima bokutshintsha kwemozulu , abajongene neziqhwithi, ukunyuka kwamazinga olwandle kunye nesomiso.
Amazwe angama-55 kumazwe angama-196 athathe inxaxheba kufuneka awamkele isivumelwano ngaphambi kokuba angene. Kwintlanganiso ye-2016 ye- G20 , i-China kunye ne-United States bavuma ukuvuma isivumelwano. Ezi zizwe zimbini zikhupha i-gases ephezulu. (Umthombo: "IsiVumelwano seMozulu esona siKhulu esilungileyo kufuneka siyigcine iPlaneti," CNN, ngoDisemba 14, 2015.)
U-Obama wamemezela imimiselo yokunciphisa ikhabhoni ngo-2014. Wenza iSicwangciso soMbane esicocekileyo ngo-2015. Siyilo lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamaphesenti angama-32 ka-2005 ngamanqanaba angama-2030. Ngokwenza oko ngokubeka iinjongo zokunciphisa iikaroni kwizityalo zamandla esizwe. Ukuthobela, izityalo zamandla ziza kudala ama-30 ekhulwini lamandla angaphinda ahlaziywe ngo-2030. Ikhuthaza ukuhweba kwekhabhoni ngokukhangela amazwe ukuba avele ngaphantsi kweefowuni ukuthengisa i-surplus yawo ethi ithi ikhuphe ngaphezu kwekhono. (Imithombo: "U-Obama Wadala iCapon Cap and Trade Programme," iKimozulu yaseCentral, ngo-Agasti 4, 2015. "UMongameli Obama ukuvakalisa iMigangatho yokuHlonipha kweCarbon yeZityalo," iNdlu ye-White House, ngo-Agasti 3, 2015.)
Ngomhla ka-Juni 1, 2017, iTump yamemezela ukuba iUnited States izakuhoxisa kwiSivumelwano seMeya yaseParis. Wathembisa ukuphelisa iSicwangciso seNkqubo seMozulu kunye noManzi wolawulo lwaseMerika. Watyikitya umyalelo wokuvumela ukwakhiwa kweCandelo eliPhambili leXL kunye ne-Dakota Access ipipeline. Baye bathumela ioli ephosiweyo yaseCanada ephezulu kwiindawo zokucoca kwiindawo zeGulf.
I-Trump ithembisa ukuvuselela imboni yamalahle ngelixa lihlala lizinikele ekuhlambuleni iteknoloji yamalahle. Watyikitya umyalelo owamiswayo, owenziwe okanye okhutshelwe ukuhlaziywa kwamanyathelo amanyathelo ka-Obama-ngexesha elijongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Wavuma imiyalelo yokulungisa intsebenziswano phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhusela. Uqalise ukuhlaziywa kweSicwangciso soMbane esiCocekileyo sika-Obama ngenxa yemimiselo yaso kwi-shishini lamalahle. (Umthombo: "I-Order Order Trump ifuna ukubuyisela iMigomo ye-Energy Clean", i-PBS NewsHour, Matshi 27, 2017.)
Ezinye iinkqubo zooMongameli zoQoqosho
- Iintsuku ezili-100 zokuQala
- UGeorge W. Bush (2001 - 2009)
- UBill Clinton (1993 - 2001)
- URonald Reagan (ngo-1981 ukuya ku-1989)
- URichard Nixon (1969 - 1974)
- ULyndon B Johnson (1963 - 1969)
- UJohn F. Kennedy (ngo-1961 - 1963)
- UFranklin D. Roosevelt (1933 - 1945)