Kutheni i-Protectionism Ilungelo Elihle, Kodwa Ngaba Libi Kangako
Izindlela ezine kunye nemizekelo
Amazwe asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ezo zorhwebo. Enye indlela ukunyusa intlawulo yerhafu yokuthengiswa kweerhafu.
Ngokukhawuleza iphakamisa intlawulo yeempahla ezifakiwe. Bathi bancintisana kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neempahla zendawo. Le ndlela isebenza okusemgangathweni kumazwe aninzi amazwe angaphandle, njengama-United States.
Umzekelo ogqwesileyo ngowona ntlawulo ye-Smoot-Hawley ka-1930 . Yenzelwe ukukhusela abalimi kwimveliso yezolimo evela eYurophu, eyayiqala ukulima emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kodwa ngeli xesha ixesha eliyilwayo lenziwe yiCongress , liye lahlawula iintlawulo kwiirhafu ezininzi. Amanye amazwe abuyiselwa. Imfazwe yokukhuphisana ephumela ekuncintiseni i- trade world restriction. Yayisinye sezizathu zokubandezeleka kweNkulu yokuCaluleka .
Indlela yesibini yokukhusela urhwebo yilapho urhulumente exhasa ama shishini asekuhlaleni. Ukuxhaswa kweza kuza kwifom yeentlawulo zerhafu okanye iintlawulo ezithe ngqo. Okuvumela abavelisi ukuba banciphise ixabiso lempahla yendawo kunye neenkonzo. Oku kwenza ukuba iimveliso zingabizi nokuba zithunyelwa phesheya.
Oko kuthetha ukuxhaswa komsebenzi kunokuba kulunge ngaphezu kweerhafu. Le ndlela isebenza kangcono kumazwe athembele kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle .
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uncediso lunokuthi lube nempembelelo eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo omhle walo, kwakhona, kwi-US yezolimo. UMthetho woLungiso lwezoLimo we-1933 wavumela urhulumente ukuba akhokhe amafama ukuba angavelisi izityalo okanye imfuyo.
Oku kuya kuvumela amasimi abo ukuba aphumle aze aphinde aphinde afumane izondlo. Kwakhona kunqanda ukunikezelwa . Amanani anyukile. Yanceda amafama aphonswe yi- Dust Bowl , kodwa wenza ukutya kwabiza kubathengi.
Indlela yesithathu ukunyanzelisa iifomati kwimpahla engeniswayo. Le ndlela iphumelela ngakumbi kunezo ezimbini zokuqala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ilizwe elingaphantsi libeka ixabiso ngaphantsi kwemali-mali, ayikwazi ukuthumela izinto ezininzi.
Uninzi lweencwadi zezifundo zishiya uhlobo lwesine lokukhuselwa kwezorhwebo kuba lubuqili. Yenza umzamo wenzalo ngelizwe ukunciphisa inani lalo mali. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba amazwe angaphandle athengise kwaye angakhuphiswano. Le ndlela ingabangela ukuphindisela kwaye iqale imfazwe yemali . Enye indlela amazwe anganciphisa inani lalo mali ngexabiso elitshintshiselweyo . Oku kufana ne -yuan yaseChina . Enye indlela ngokudala i- tyala lelizwe elininzi elinempembelelo efanayo, njengokuba idoli yaseMelika iyancipha .
Inzuzo
Ukuba ilizwe lizama ukukhula ngamandla kumashishini amatsha, iintlawulo ziya kuzikhusela kumashishini angaphandle. Oko kunika iinkampani zeshishini elitsha ixesha lokuba ziphuhlise iingenelo zabo zokukhuphisana .
Ukhuseleko ludala okwesikhashana imisebenzi yabasebenzi basekhaya. Ukukhuselwa kwemirhumo, ii-quotas okanye inkxaso-mali kukuvumela iinkampani zasekhaya ukuba ziqeshe indawo.
Le nzuzo iphela kuphela emva kokuba amanye amazwe abuyisele ngokumisela ukukhusela kwabo.
Iingxaki
Kwixesha elide, ukukhuselwa kwezorhwebo kuyonakalisa imboni. Ngaphandle kokuncintisana, iinkampani ngaphakathi kwishishini azikho mfuneko yokuphucula. Ekugqibeleni, umkhiqizo wasekhaya uya kuncipha kumgangatho. Kuya kuba ngumgangatho ophantsi kwaye ubiza ngakumbi kuneziphi izikhuphiswano zakwamanye amazwe.
Ukugqithiswa kweYobhi kungenxa yokunciphisa ukuncintisana kwe-US . Ukhuphiswano luye lwayeka ukususela kwiminyaka emininzi yaseUnited States engayinalo imali kwimfundo. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kwi-tech-tech, ubunjineli kunye nesayensi. Ukwandiswa kwezorhwebo kuvula iimarike ezintsha kumashishini ukuthengisa iimveliso zabo. I-Peterson Institute for Economics International iqikelela ukuba ukuphelisa zonke izithintelo zorhwebo kuza kwandisa imali ye-US ngama-R500 billion.
Ukwandisa ukukhuselwa kwe-US kuya kuphucotha ukukhula koqoqosho . Kuza kubangela ukutshabalalisa okungakumbi, kungekhona okumbalwa. Ukuba iUnited States ivala imida yayo, amanye amazwe aya kwenza okufanayo. Oku kunokubangela ukutshabalalisa phakathi kwabasebenzi baseMelika abayizigidi ezili-12 abanomsebenzi wabo wokuthumela ngaphandle.
Izivumelwano zoRhwebo
Izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala ziyanciphisa okanye ziphelise ixabiso kunye neengqapheli phakathi kwamaqabane oshishino. Isivumelwano esikhulu kunazo zonke yi- NAFTA . Kuphakathi kwe-United States, Canada kunye neMexico . Ububambiswano beTrans-Pacific bube bukhulu. Kodwa uMongameli Trump washiya iUnited States kwisivumelwano. Ngenxa yoko, amanye amazwe afaka inxaxheba ngokwabo. Ukuba iChina inquma ukuyijoyina, iya kutshintsha i-NAFTA njengentsebenziswano enkulu yehlabathi.
Kwakhona ekuqhutyweni kwesivumelwano esikhulu sezorhwebo sehlabathi kwakuza kuba yiTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership . Kwakuphakathi kweYurophu Yomanyano kunye neUnited States. Kodwa ulawulo lweTrump aluzange lulandele.
Iqhinga elikhulu lohwebo lweelwimi ezininzi iRiphabliki yaseDominican-I-Central America yesivumelwano soRhwebo-ntengiso , ephakathi kwe-United States ne-Central America. Kukho izivumelwano zomhlaba kunye neChile, eColombia, ePanama, ePeru, eUruguay nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. I-United States nayo inezivumelwano kunye namazwe aseMpuma Mpuma we-Israyeli, iJordan, iMorocco, i-Bahrain ne-Oman.
Kodwa i-FTA ayinakuphelisa amanyathelo okukhusela njengemali okanye iimfazwe zemali. Enye yeemeko ze-NAFTA kukuba iimveliso zasefama zase-US ezixhaswayo zenza amafama aseMexico aphume kwishishini. Naphezu kokungabikho kwamanye amazwe, izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala zinamathuba angaphezu kweengxaki .