Izizathu ezine zokuba uRhwebi lwaMazwe ngamazwe luyehlisa
Ngo-2017, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwanda 10.5 ekhulwini. Ngonyaka we-2016, i-contract ye-4 iyingeniso. Kwakukhulile iipesenti ezi-2 ngo-2015, kunye ne-3.4 ekhulwini ngo-2014. Kubuyela kumyinge we-10% wezinga lokukhula phakathi ko-1961 no-2013.
Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lunegalelo malunga neepesenti ezingama-27 kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Kuze kube yinkxalabo yezimali ka - 2008 , urhwebo lwehlabathi lwalukhula ngamaxesha angu-1,9 ngokukhawuleza kunokukhula koqoqosho. Kuze kube ngo-2017, urhwebo lwakhula kancinci ngaphezu koqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Izizathu ezine zokuba kuthengiswa kwehlabathi lonke kuye kwacima
Kukho izizathu ezine zokunciphisa ngokutsha. Okokuqala, iSoviet Union yawa ngo-1990. Oko kwavumela amazwe afana nePoland, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, kunye neMpuma Jamani ukuba bafumane njengoko bejoyine uqoqosho loqoqosho.
Okwesibini, iChina yajoyina i- World Trade Organization ngo-2001. Kodwa emva kweminyaka eyi-15, iminikelo yabo iye yazinza.
Okwesithathu, iingxaki zemali zango - 2008 zanciphisa urhwebo nokukhula.
Iinkampani ezininzi zaziqaphela ngakumbi. Abathengi babengenako ukuchitha. Ingxenye yeso kukuba kuba bekhulile. Kwakudingeka bavuselele imali yabo yokugcina umhlalaphantsi. Abantu abancinci babhekana nezinga eliphezulu lokungasebenzi. Baye kunzima ukuqala umsebenzi wabo. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba babengenako ukutshata nokuthenga amakhaya.
Abaninzi babo babenemali-mboleko enkulu yesikolo ukuhlawula.
Okwesine, amazwe aphunyezwe amanyathelo angaphezulu okukhusela . Ngo-2015, oorhulumente bongezelele ngokukhawuleza u-539 umqathango wokurhweba. Ezi ziquka iintlawulo , inkxaso karhulumente kumashishini asekhaya kunye nemithetho yokulwa nokulahla .
Izinzuzo zoRhwebo loLuntu
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwakha amathuba kwaye kukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Banika iinkampani zasemakhaya ithuba lokuvelisa iimarike zangaphandle. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinkampani zifumana inzuzo yokukhuphisana kwizorhwebo jikelele. Urhwebo lenza ukuba iinkampani ziphumelele ngakumbi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abathengi bavelisa ngakumbi kuneenkampani ezijolise kwizorhwebo zasekhaya.
Ukungenisa kwamanye amazwe kukuvumela ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe ukunciphisa amaxabiso kubathengi. Kwakhona kunika abathengi uluhlu olubanzi lweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno engaphandle kwexesha.
Iingxaki zeRhwebo loLuntu
Indlela yodwa yokukhulisa i-export exports isenza ukuba kube lula ukurhweba. Oorhulumente benza oku ngokunciphisa ixabiso kunye nezinye izithintelo zokungeniswa. Oku kunciphisa amathuba emisebenzi yamashishini asekhaya angenakho ukukhuphisana kwihlabathi lonke. Kukhokelela ekugqibeleni imisebenzi . Yilapho iinkampani zithutha amaziko okufowunela , iiofisi zeteknoloji kunye nokuvelisa. Bakhetha amazwe ngeendleko eziphantsi zokuphila .
Amazwe kunye noqoqosho lwendabuko angalahlekelwa ngumgangatho wasemaphandleni. Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo luxhasa inkxaso kwezolimo. Bobabini iUnited States kunye neYurophu Union benza oku. Oko kugqithisa ixabiso lamafama asekuhlaleni.
US International Trade
Amazwe angaphandle aphuma kwi-US yayingama-2.2 trillion ngo-2016. Oku kwandisa iipesenti ezili-13 kwimveliso yezoqoqosho njengoko kulinganiswa nemveliso engaphantsi kwemveliso . Kwakhona kwadala imisebenzi yezigidi ezili-12. Uninzi lwezoqoqosho lwase-US luveliswa ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwaye alufumani ngaphandle. Ukongezelela, inxalenye enkulu yezoqoqosho iinkonzo. Oku kunzima ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ukufumana okungakumbi indlela uhwebo oluhambelana ngayo noqoqosho, jonga ii- GDP Components .
Nangona konke kuveliswa, iUnited States ingenisa ngaphandle kokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngo-2017, ukuthengiswa kwangaphandle kwakuyi $ 2.9 trillion. Uninzi lwalo luyimpahla eyinkunzi , njengeekhompyutha, kunye neempahla zabathengi , njengeefowuni.
Ukuveliswa kweoli yekhaya ye- shale kunciphise ukuthengiswa kweoli kunye nemveliso yepetroleum. Nangona amaMerika azuza kwizinto ezingeniswa ngaphandle, zisuswa kwi-GDP.
I-United States inesiphelo sezorhwebo . Ngo-2017, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhupha i-$ 566 yezigidigidi ukusuka kwi-GDP. Ngaphezulu, jonga ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela izinto .
UMongameli uTumpump ufuna ukunciphisa ezi ntlupheko ngamanyathelo okukhusela . Ngomhla we-Matshi 2018, wachaza ukuba uya kubeka i-25 yeepesenti kwixabiso lentsimbi kunye ne-10 yerhafu kwi-aluminium. Kwafika inyanga emva kokumisela iintlawulo kunye neengqapheli kwiipaneli zelanga kunye namayeza okuhlamba. Imakethe yemasheya yawa, njengoko abahlalutyi bexhalaba izenzo zikaTrump zingaqalisa imfazwe yorhwebo .
Izivumelwano zoRhwebo zaseMelika
Amazwe anqwenela ukwandisa izivumelwano zentengiso yehlabathi jikelele. Nazi izivumelwano ezibalulekileyo zezorhwebo zase-US:
- Isivumelwano seNtengiso yamaNtla-ntla yaseMntla American yindawo enkulu yokuhweba inkululeko yehlabathi. Kuphakathi kwe-United States, Canada kunye neMexico . Iphelisa yonke intlawulo phakathi kwamazwe amathathu, urhweba oluthathu kwi-$ 1.2 trillion. Nazi izibonelelo zayo, ukungonakali kunye nembali kunye nenjongo . NgoJanuwari 23, 2017, uMongameli uTrump wasayina umyalelo olawulayo wokuhlaziya i-NAFTA kwakhona. Ukuba iingxoxo zingaphumelelanga, uTumpump usongela ukulahla i-NAFTA.
- Ulwalamano lweTrans-Pacific lwaluthetha phakathi kwe-United States kunye namanye amazwe angama-11. Wonke amazwe kumazwe ePacific. Bayi-Australia, eBrunei, eCanada, eChile, eJapan, eMalaysia, eMexico, eNew Zealand, ePeru, eSingapore naseVietnam. Kuya kuphucula ukurhweba kunye nokutyalomali phakathi kwamazwe angumlingani we-TPP. I-TPP ibandakanye iimfuno zorhwebo ezintsha ekujonganeni nokuhambelana nemimiselo kunye nenkxaso yamashishini amancinci. Ukusebenzisana koqoqosho lwe-Asia-Pacific kwaxhasa. UMongameli uTrump wasayina umyalelo olawulayo wokurhoxisa kwi-TPP ngoJanuwari 23, 2017.
- I- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership iya kudibanisa iMelika kunye ne-EU. Ezi zimbini zoqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi . Kuza kulawulwa ngaphezu kweyesithathu kwisibonelelo sezoqoqosho. Oko bekuya kwenza ukuba ibe yindawo enkulu yokuthengisa inkululeko enkulu emhlabeni. Isithintelo esikhulu yizoshishino kwezoqoqosho kumazwe amabini. Bobabini abalingani bezoshishino banemali eninzi yezoshishino zabo zokutya. I-EU iyakwenqabela izidalwa eziphilayo eziguqulwa njengezolimo. Iyakhusela ama-antibiotics kunye nama-hormone kwizilwanyana eziphakanyiselwe ukutya. Isikhundla sikaMongameli uTrump kwesi sivumelwano asicaci.
I-United States inezinye izivumelwano ezininzi zorhwebo zesithili kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo zomhlaba kunye namazwe athile. Kwakhona kwathatha inxaxheba kwisivumelwano esibaluleke kakhulu semibutho yamanyeneyo , iSivumelwano esipheleleyo kwiTariffs kunye noRhwebi . Nangona i-GATT ingabonakaliyo ngokwemfundo, izibonelelo zayo zihlala kwi- World Trade Organization .