Iimpembelelo ezi-6 ezingekho phantsi kwe-NAFTA
1. Imisebenzi yase-US ilahlekile.
Ekubeni umsebenzi ungabizi eMexico, amashishini amashishini amashishini athatyathele ingxenye yemveliso yabo evela kwiiindleko eziphezulu kwi-United States.
Phakathi kowe-1994 no-2010, ukulahlekelwa kweentengiso zaseMelika kunye neMexico kuye kwaba yi-$ 97.2 yezigidi. Ngelo xesha, imisebenzi engama-682,900 yase-US iya eMexico. Kodwa ii-116,400 zale mi sebenzi zachithwa emva komnyaka ka-2007. Inkxalabo yezimali ka-2008 ibangele kubangele esikhundleni se-NAFTA.
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zelahleko zenziwe kwi-manufacturin g. Amazwe anzima kunama-California, eNew York, eMichigan naseTexas. Babenemigangatho ephezulu yamashishini ahambisa izityalo eMexico. La ma shishini aquka iimoto, iingubo, iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zombane.
2. Iintlawulo zase-US zacinywa
Azikho zonke iinkampani ezi shishini ezifudukela eMexico. Kodwa abanye basebenzisa isisongelo sokuhamba njengemilinganiselo ngokumelene nomanyano wokuhlela amashishini. Xa abasebenzi befuna ukukhetha phakathi kokujoyina umanyano okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumkhiqizo, abasebenzi bakhetha isityalo. Ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwamanyano, abasebenzi babengenamandla amancinci. Oku kuphelisa ukukhula kwamaholo.
Phakathi kuka-1993 no-1995, iipesenti ezingama-50 zeenkampani zokwenziwa kwe-US kumashishini ayefudukela eMexico zasebenzisa ingozi yokuvala umveliso. Ngo-1999, elo nani lakhula lifikelela kuma-65 ekhulwini.
3. Abalimi baseMexico bebekwa ngaphandle kwezo shishino
Ngombulelo kwi-NAFTA, iMexico yalahlekelwa yimisebenzi eyi-1,3 yezigidi zasefama. I-Bills ye-Farm yase-2002 eyabonelelwa ngezolimo nge-US ngokumalunga nama-40 ekhulwini enenzuzo yefama.
Xa i-NAFTA isusa iintlawulo zezorhwebo, iinkampani zithumela ingqolowa kunye nezinye iinkozo ukuya eMexico phantsi kweendleko. Amafama aseMexico aseMaphandleni ayengakwazi ukukhuphisana. Ngelo xesha, iMexico iyanciphisa ama- subsidies ayo kumafama ukusuka kuma-33.2 eepesenti yenani lentlawulo yefama ngo-1990 ukuya kuma-13.2 ekhulwini ngo-2001. Uninzi lwaloo mali luya kwiifama ezinkulu zaseMexico. Olu tshintsho lwaluthetha ukuba abalimi abancinci baseMexico baxoshwe ngoshishino ngamafama aseMerika axhaswe kakhulu.
4. Abasebenzi baseMaquiladora baxhatshazwa
I-NAFTA yandisa inkqubo ye-maquiladora ngokususa iirhafu. I-Maquiladora yilapho iinkampani zase-United States zineenkampani zisebenzise abasebenzi baseMexican kufuphi nomda. Zidibanisa izinto ezincinci ukuthumela ngaphandle kwi-United States. Inkqubo yakhula iqesha iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu baseMexico. Abasebenzi "babengenamalungelo abasebenzi okanye ukhuseleko lwempilo," ngokubhekiselele kwi-Continental Social Alliance. Ukongeza, "iintsuku zomsebenzi zolulela iiyure ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ukuba ungowesifazane, unyanzelekile ukuba uthathe uvavanyo lokukhulelwa xa ufuna isicelo."
5. I-Mexical Environment ihlaselwe
Ephendula ukunyanzeliswa kwe-NAFTA, i-Mexican agribusiness yasetyenziselwa umququzeleli kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, ezibiza iiligidi ezingama-36 zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka ngcoliseko. Amafama asemaphandleni atyuka ehlabathini elincinci, okubangelwa kukungqothulwa kwamahlathi ngama-hektare angama-630,000 ngonyaka.
6. I-NAFTA ebizwa ngokuba yi-Free US yokufumana iilori zaseMexico
Esinye isivumelwano ngaphakathi kwe-NAFTA asizange sisebenze. I-NAFTA yayiya kuvumela amaloli aseMexico ukuba ahambe e-United States ngaphaya komda wee-20 wamanqanaba okurhweba. Iprojekthi yokuboniswa yiSebe lezothutho yaqulunqwa ukuze ihlolisise ukufaneleka kwalokhu. Ngonyaka ka-2008, iNdlu yabaBameli iphelile le projekthi. Inqatshelwe i-DOT ekuphunyezweni ngaphandle kwemvume yeCongress.
ICongress ixhala ukuba iilori zaseMexico ziza kubangela ingozi yendlela. Abaxhomekeke kumgangatho ofanayo wokukhuseleko njengamaloli ase-US. Imibutho yamagada e-US kunye neenkampani zichasene ngenxa yokuba zaziza kulahla ishishini. Okwangoku, iilori zaseMexico zimele zimise kumda we-20-mile kwaye zibe nempahla yazo idluliselwe kwiilori zase-US.
Kwakukho umbuzo wokuphindaphinda. Isivumelwano se-NAFTA besiye savumela ukufikelela okungenamkhawulo kwiimoto zase-US kulo lonke elaseMexico. Ilungiselelo elifanayo lisebenza kakuhle phakathi kwelinye i-NAFTA iqabane, Canada . Kodwa iilori zase-US zikhulu kwaye zithwala imithwalo enzima. Baphula ubukhulu kunye nemithintelo yesisindo esenziwa nguRhulumente waseMexico.
Ekujuleni: Iinkonzo kunye neNgxowa-mali | Inzuzo ... Imbali kunye nenjongo | IiNkqubo zoRhwebo zoHlabathi kunye neNgxowa-mali Izivumelwano zentengiso yamaHlani: 7 Iinkonzo kunye neNtlondi CAFTA | FTAA | GATT