I-ETFs Isebenza njani: Ukutshala imali kwi-Exchange Traded Funds
Nokuba ungenayo i-ETF, unamathuba okuva le sithuthi esithandwayo. Nangona ii-ETF ziye zafumaneka malunga nama-30 eminyaka, kwaye izigidi zabaotyalo-mali ziyabathintela, zisezona zitsha kwihlabathi lokutshala imali.
Ingaba ungumtyalo-zimali okanye umphathi we-portfolio, uhlawulela ukuba ube nesiseko esibalulekileyo sokuba i-ETF isebenze njani, ngubani na omele atyala imali kuyo, kunye neenzuzo zabo kwezinye iintlobo zokutyalomali.
ETF Inkcazo kunye neMbali
I-ETFs, iifutshane ze- Exchange-Traded Funds , izithente-mali zokutshala izimali ezifana nezikhokelo zengxowa-mali , kodwa ezo zorhwebo ezifana nezitokisi. I-ETF yintonga yee-securities ezithengisa ukuthengiswa kwempahla. Iyakwazi ukulandelela inkcazo (njenge-S & P 500, i-NASDAQ 100, okanye uRussell 2000), kwakunye nezinto ezifana negolide okanye ioli.
I-ETF yaqala ukuqala ngo-1992 xa i-American Stock Exchange (i-AMEX) icela i-Securities and Exchange Exchange (i-SEC) ukudala ukhuseleko olutsha oluzimeleyo oluya kulandelwa Inkcazelo ye-S & P 500. Ngomnyaka we-1993, i-S & P yeReposipt Receipt, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SPDR okanye "igcawu," yaqala ukuthengisa kwi-AMEX. Namhlanje le ETF yaziwa njenge-SPDR S & P 500 ( SPY ).
Namhlanje kukho ii-ETF ezingaphezu kwe-4 000 kwimarike kunye ne-3 trillion kwiivenkile.
ETFs vs Mutual Funds
I-ETF zifana neengxowa-mali. Ngokomzekelo, abanini-nxaxheba beemali zombini kunye ne-ETF abazenzi ngokuthe ngqo i-asethi ye-fund yabo-banezabelo zeengxowa-mali ngokwazo, ezithengela izabelo zexabiso eliphantsi.
Kodwa kukho iimeko eziphambili:
- Ii-ETFs zentengiso ngemini, njengempahla. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimali zorhwebo zonyango ekupheleni kosuku, xa ixabiso lexabiso lexabiso lempahla (NAV) ye-holdings ephantsi liyakunikwa.
- Ii-ETFs ziba neentlawulo eziphantsi kweendleko xa kuthelekiswa nakwi-index yexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.
- I-ETF ayinayo imali encinci yexabiso lokutsalwa kwezimali, kodwa imali yokuxhaswa ngokubanzi idinga ukutyalomali kokuqala kwe-$ 1,000 okanye ngaphezulu.
Kukho iintlukwano ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwe-ETF kunye neemali eziphathekayo, kodwa ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ziqaphele abatyala-mali bemihla ngemihla.
Iingenelelo kunye neziNzuzo ze-ETF
Ukuqonda iingenelo ezisisiseko kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-ETF kunokunceda abanini-mali ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ngaba izithuthi zotyalo-mali zifanelekile kwiinjongo zabo zotyalo-mali:
- Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, ii-ETF zineendleko eziphantsi, ezinokuthi zibe ngu-0.10 ekhulwini, okanye i-$ 10 kuzo zonke i-$ 10,000 ezityalomali, okanye zingaphantsi kwayo. Kwixesha elide, iindleko eziphantsi zingakhokelela ekubuyiseni imali enxulumene neengxowa-mali eziphathekayo. Le ngongoma ebalulekileyo yokwanda kweengeniso ngokunciphisa iindleko.
- Ngenxa yobutyebi babo, ii-ETF zinexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba abavumi ukuthenga nokuthengisa ii-holdings. Intlawulo ephantsi iguqulela kwisabelo esincinci esincinci, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-ETF zineemali ezinkulu zerhafu . Ngoko ke abatyale-mali abanakho i-akhawunti yokurhweba i-akhawunti bangafuna ukusebenzisa ii-ETs ukunciphisa iindleko zerhafu.
- Ikhono lokuthengisa i-intra-suku lenza ithuba lokusebenzisa amaxabiso okutshintsha kwexesha elifutshane okanye ukusebenzisa amacebo okubamba. Ngokomzekelo, abatyali-mali bangathengisa ii-ETFs ezimfutshane okanye ii-oda zomda. Nangona abatyalo-mali bemihla ngemihla bengacetyiswa ukuba bathengise amasheya amancinci, imiyalelo yokunciphisa ingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umtyalomali wayefuna ukukhusela ekuhambeni kwexesha elidlulileyo, bangenza indawo yokuthengisa umda wokuthengisa amanani kwintengo ethile.
Iingxaki eziphambili kubatshali-zimali ukugcina engqondweni kukuba, kuba ii-ETF zirhweba njengeempahla, zixhaphaza ii-commissions okanye iimali ezifanayo zokuthengisa. Ngoko nangona i-ETF ine-khomishini ye-$ 7 ehlawulwa ngorhwebo ngamnye, umtyalo-mali ofuna imali engama-dollar-average and buy a share once kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga angapheli ngeendleko zonyaka ngaphezu kwenkcazo ye-joint fund.
Ngubani omele athenge imali kwi-ETF?
I-ETF zifanelekile malunga naliphi na umtyalomali. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ii-ETF zilandelelisa i-index index, i-bond index, okanye ixabiso lemveliso, zifanelekileyo kakhulu kubatyalomali ngeenjongo zentsalo-mali ezide, eziza kubandakanya iinjongo kunye neehorizons yexesha leminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukungafani nenjongo yotyalo-mali yangexesha elide ngumtyalo-mali ohlala phantsi ofuna iimali ezikhoyo. Lo mtyalo-mali unokuba nomdla ekuthengeni i-ETF ephethe iifowuni ze-dividend okanye i-ETF ebambe izibophelelo. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali abaninzi abahlala umhlalaphantsi bafuna ukukhula kwexesha elide ukongeza kwimali engenayo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-stock balance-payer bonds kunye nezibophelelo eziphezulu zifanelekile kubahlali abahlala phantsi, njengoko oku kubanika ithuba lokugcina okanye ukukhula inqununu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ekubeni i-ETF iphumelele ngerhafu, ingaba lukhethi olukhethekileyo lokutyalomali kubalimi-mali abane-akhawunti yokurhweba.
Uninzi lwe-ETF lujolise kumacandelo, oko kuthetha ukuba abatyali-mali abafuna ukufikelela kwimimandla yeemarike njengononophelo lwezempilo, iteknoloji, izibonelelo, kunye negunya zinama-ETF amaninzi angabiziyo okukhethayo.
Imizekelo ye-ETF ephezulu ukuthenga kwi-Market namhlanje
Kukho amawaka e-ETF okukhetha ukusuka kwiimarike, kodwa kulungile ukuba abatshali-zimali abaninzi banciphise ukhetho lwabo kwiimali ezithengiswa ngokubanzi kwaye zibe neempahla eziphezulu phantsi kolawulo. I-ETFs idityaniswe ngokugqithiseleyo idla ukufihla imimandla yeemarike ezingenakulungele ukuba abatyala-mali bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokuba banako ukufumana umngcipheko ophezulu. Ukongezelela, ii-ETFs ezincinci zithengiswa ngaphezulu okanye ngezantsi (kwi-premium okanye i-Isaphulelo) kwixabiso lexabiso lempahla ye-holdings.
Ngaloo mva, kwaye akukho myalelo othile, apha i-10 yezona zikhulu ze-ETF zokuthenga emakethe namhlanje:
- I-S & P SPDR (SPY): I-ETF endala kunye nenkulu ukulandelela inkcazo ye-S & P 500, i-SPY yintengiso ye-ETF emele i-ETF emele ngaphezulu kwe-500 yezona zibalo ezinkulu kwi-intanethi. Iindleko zingama-0.09 ekhulwini.
- I-iShares Core S & P 500 (IVV): Enye i-ETF enkulu elandelela i-S & P 500, i-IVV yi-ETF ebanzi ephathwe nge-asethi ephezulu, eyenza ibe yinto enyanzelisayo yokubamba njenge-SPY. Iindleko zisezantsi phantsi kwee-0.04 zeepesenti.
- iShares Russell 3000 (IWV): Le ETF ingathathwa njengengxowa-mali ye-stock market "kuko iyithatha yonke imakethi yemasheya yase-United States, equka amasheya amancinci, aphakathi nendawo enkulu. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-IWV ngowama-0.20 ekhulwini.
- iShares MSCI EAFE (EFA): Abathengi abafuna i-ETF efaka imali kwiimpahla ezingekho ngaphandle kwe-US neKhanada banokucinga ngokufaka i-EFA kwiipotifoliyo zabo. I-EAFE impawu zimela iYurophu, i-Australasia (i-Australia kunye ne-Asia), kunye neMpuma Ekude. Ingxowa yeengxowa-mali ezingaphezulu kwama-900 kunye nexabiso leendleko li-0.33 ekhulwini.
- iShares Russell 2000 (IWM): Abatyalo-mali abafuna ukungena kwiinkampani ezincinci zase-US bangazithenga i-ETF njenge-IWM kwaye bafumane i-fund ebiza ngexabiso elincinci elithatha inkcazo kaRussell 2000, equka iinkampani ezingaphantsi kwama-2,000 ase-US. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-IWM ngowama-0.20 ekhulwini.
- I-iShares Core US Aggregate Bond (AGG): Le ETF esuka eShares ithatha i-market "bondal" yebhanki ngokulandela i-Index yeBarlaylay Bond Index, ehlanganisa amawaka amabhondi e-US. Iindleko zingama-0.05 ekhulwini.
- Unonophelo lwezeMpilo Khetha iCandelo le-SPDR (i-XLV): ii-ETF ziyakwazi ukufumana izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufumana ukufikelela kuma candelo emarike kwaye i-XLV ibandakanya icandelo leenkonzo zonyango, ezibandakanya izitishi zeenkampani ezibandakanyekayo kumayeza, ukuphathwa kwezibhedlele, izixhobo zonyango, i-biotechnology kunye nokunye. Iindleko zingama-0.14 ekhulwini.
- I-Technology Khetha Icandelo le-SPDR (i-XLK): Le ETF inikezela ukubonakaliswa kwicandelo lethekhnoloji, elibandakanya amashishini abandakanyekayo kwi-computer hardware kunye nesofthiwe, iinkonzo ze-IT, imidiya yoluntu, kunye ne-telecommunications. Iindleko ze-XLK zingama-0.14 ekhulwini.
- Amandla Khetha ICandelo le-SPDR (XLE): Abatyalo-mali abafuna ukuchazwa kwicandelo lamandla bangaqwalasela ukuthenga amasheya e-XLE, elandelwayo kunye neenkcukacha ezibandakanya izitokethi zeenkampani ezibandakanyeka kwi-oyile, igesi kunye namanye amashishini afana nawo. Umlinganiselo weendleko ze-XLE yi-0.14 ekhulwini.
- Izixhobo Khetha i-Sector SPDR (XLU): Olunye ummandla weemarike ukuba abatyali-mali bavame ukufunyanwa kwiinkalo zesevisi, ezithatha inkcazo equka izitokhwe zeenkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwi-gas and industry utilities industry, kunye nabavelisi bamandla kunye nocingo. Iindleko ze-XLU zingama-0.14 ekhulwini.
Ukuthenga ii-ETF
Ukuthenga ii-ETF, abatyali-mali kufuneka bavule i-akhawunti ye-brokerage, enokwenza lula kakhulu nge- firm discount credit brokerage , njengeShawab, iTD Ameritrade, okanye iStratrade. Iinkampani ezinkulu ezinkulu zengxowa-mali ezifana neVanguard kunye neFidelity nazo zinika ii-ETF ezahlukeneyo.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.