Izinto ezintandathu ze-NAFTA Ngaba
Aba bathathu abatyikityiweyo bavunyelwene ukususa izithintelo zorhwebo phakathi kwabo.
Ngokuphelisa intlawulo, i-NAFTA ikhulisa amathuba otyalo-mali. Isivumelwano se-NAFTA ngamaphepha angama-2 000, kunye namacandelo asibhozo kunye nezahluko ezingama-22.
NgoJanuwari 23, 2017, uMongameli uDonald Trump wasayina umyalelo olawulayo wokuhlaziya i-NAFTA kwakhona . Ufuna iMexico ukunciphisa irhafu yerhafu-eyongeziweyo kunye nokuphelisa inkqubo ye-maquiladora. I-Trump ikhetha izivumelwano zorhwebo ngokubanzi kumazwe amaninzi .
I-NAFTA inzuzo kunye neengqungquthela zixutyushwa kakhulu. Abagxeki bajolise kwiingxaki ezintathu eziphambili ze-NAFTA . Okokuqala, yathumela imisebenzi eminingi yaseUnited States kwiindleko ezisezantsi eMexico. Okwesibini, abasebenzi abagcina imisebenzi kuloo ma shishini kufuneka bamkele umvuzo ophantsi. Okwesithathu, abasebenzi baseMexico baxhatshazwa kwiiprogram ze-maquiladora.
Kodwa i- NAFTA nayo inezibonelelo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo . Amanani okutya e-US aya kuba phezulu ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwemali evela eMexico. Ioli ephumayo evela eCanada naseMexico iye yathintela amaxabiso ephezulu egesi . I-NAFTA iye yakwandisa uqoqosho kunye nokukhula kwezoqoqosho kuwo onke amazwe amathathu.
Izinto ezintandathu ze-NAFTA Ngaba
Okokuqala, i-NAFTA inikezela ngeyona ndlela iphakamileyo- inxaxheba kubo bonke ababhaliseneyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba amazwe kufuneka anike onke amaqela athathwe unyango. Oku kuquka utyalo-mali olwangaphandle . Abakwazi ukunika unyango olungcono kubatyalomali basemakhaya kunabanye amazwe. Akunakukwazi ukunikela ngetyala elingcono kubatyalomali kumazwe angewona a-NAFTA.
Iirhulumente kufuneka zinikeze iinkontrakthi zombuso kumashishini kuwo onke amazwe amathathu e-NAFTA.
Okwesibini, i- NAFTA iphelisa ixabiso lokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe amathathu. Iirhafu zerhafu ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla zangaphandle zibiza kakhulu. I-NAFTA yenze imithetho ethile yokulawula urhwebo kwimveliso yefama, iimoto kunye nezambatho. Ezi zisebenza nakwezinye iinkonzo, ezifana nezethungelwano kunye nezezimali.
Okwesithathu, abathengi kufuneka bafumane iiSatifikethi seMvelaphi ukukhupha iintlawulo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuvela kwi-United States, eCanada okanye eMexico. Imveliso eyenziwa ePeru kodwa ithunyelwa esuka eMexico iya kuhlawula umsebenzi xa ifika eUnited States okanye eCanada.
Okwesine, i-NAFTA isungula iinkqubo zokulungisa iingxabano zorhwebo . ISahluko 52 sikhusela amabhizinisi kwizenzo ezingalunganga. Ubunobhala be-NAFTA bunikeza isisombululo esisesikweni phakathi kwamaqela. Ukuba oku kungasebenzi, kuseka ipaneli ukuphonononga ingxabano. Oku kunceda onke amaqela ukuba agweme izigwebo ezibi kwiinkantolo zendawo. Inceda amaqela achaza imithetho neenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-NAFTA. Ezi khuselo zezobambiswano zentsebenziswano zisebenza kubarhwebi.
Okwesibini, onke amazwe e-NAFTA kufuneka ahloniphe amalungelo abenzi, iimpawu zoshishino kunye neefrikhrikhi . Ngelo xesha, isivumelwano siqinisekisa ukuba la malungelo epropathi yengqondo awaphazamisi kworhwebo.
Eyesithandathu, isivumelwano sivumela abahamba ngezoshishino ukuba bafikeleleke lula kuwo onke amazwe amathathu.
I-NAFTA ineemvumelwano ezimbini ezibini ezihlaziya i-original. Isivumelwano soMntla waseMerika kwiNtsebenziswano yendalo sixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yendalo. Isivumelwano soMntla waseMerika kwiNtsebenziswano yabasebenzi sikhusela izimo zokusebenza.
I-NAFTA ichaphazela njani uqoqosho lwe-US
I-NAFTA yandisa ukhuphiswano lwala mazwe amathathu kwindawo yokuthengisa. Ibenza bakwazi ukukhuphisana ngakumbi neChina kunye neYurophu Yomanyano . Ngo-2007, i-EU ithathe indawo yaseUnited States njengoluqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi . Ngo-2015, iShayina yatshintsha zombini.
Kwathatha abaongameli abathathu base-US ukubeka i-NAFTA ndawonye. UMongameli uRonald Reagan wamkhwelisa ngexesha lakhe lokhankaso ngo-1980. Wayefuna ukudibanisa imarike yaseMntla-Amerika ukuphumelela kangcono kwi-EU.
Ngowe-1984, iCongress yadlulisela uMthetho woRhwebo kunye noMthamo. Oko kwanika umongameli "igunya lokukhawuleza " igunya lokuxoxisana ngezivumelwano zentengiso yamahhala. Ivumela iCongress kuphela amandla okuvuma okanye ukungavumi. ICongress ayikwazi ukutshintsha iingongoma zokuthetha. Ngaphandle koko, amazwe akasoze avuma amalungelo amashishini abalulekileyo.
Ngo-1992, uMongameli George HW Bush wasayina i-NAFTA emva kokuthatha isikhundla. Emva koko ubuyele kuma-legislature kuwo onke amazwe amathathu ukuba avunywe.
Ngo-1993, uMongameli uBill Clinton wasayina. I-NAFTA yaba ngumthetho kaJanuwari 1, 1994. Ngaphezulu, jonga iMbali kunye nenjongo ye-NAFTA .
I-NAFTA yayiza kuba yincinci kunezinye izivumelwano ezimbini. Kodwa ulawulo lweTrump lwalususa kwi- Trans-Pacific Partnership . Awuzange ilandele i- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership .