Xa abanye bebe neentengo babe njengeziphakamileyo
Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso leoli liye lafikelela kwiinyanga ezi-30 eziphakamileyo ngoJanuwari 2018. Abahwebi baphendule kwintlanganiso ka-Novemba 30, 2017 ye- OPEC apho amalungu avumile ukugcina ukucinywa kwemveliso ngo-2018.
Baya kuhlala bengaphezulu kwe-$ 62 ngomgqomo nge-2018.
Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso legesi liza kufikelela kwi-$ 2.74 / gallon ukusuka ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuSeptemba 2018. Iphezulu kune-2.41 / i-gallon engama-2017.
Iimbangela ezintathu zexabiso eliphezulu leGesi
Njengoko uninzi lwezinto ozithengayo, ukubonelela kunye nokufuna kufuneka kuthintele ixabiso lentengo yeoli kunye neoli . Xa umfuno mkhulu kunanikezelo, amanani aphakama. Ngokomzekelo, abalimi be-oil shale base-US bandise ukunikezelwa kweoli ngo-2014. Ixabiso leGesi lawa kumazinga aphantsi kuneminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa loo mafutha e-oil shaom aguqulwa xa amaxabiso aphantsi abeka abavelisi abaninzi ngaphandle kweshishini.
Iimfuno zonyaka zichaphazela nexabiso leoli kunye negesi. Unokulindela ukuba zivuke zonke iintwasahlobo. Kungenxa yokuba abathengisi bexesha elizayo beoli bayazi ukuba imfuno yegesi ikhuphuka ehlobo njengoko iintsapho ziya eholide. Baqala ukuthenga iikontraki zexesha leoli kwixesha lokusukela entwasahlobo kulindeleke ukuba kuphakanyiswe intengo.
Abathengisi bemveliso nabo bangela ixabiso eliphezulu legesi. Bathenga ioli kunye nepetroli kwiimarike ezizayo zeemveliso.
Ezi marike zivumela iinkampani ukuba zizithenge izivumelwano zepetroli ukwenzela ukuhanjiswa kwexesha ngelixabiso elivunyelweneyo. Kodwa abathengisi abaninzi abanenjongo yokuthatha ubunini bepetololine. Kunoko, baceba ukuthengisa isivumelwano kunye nenzuzo.
Ukususela ngo-2008, ixabiso lentengo yeoli kunye neoli lichaphazeleka ngokubanzi kunye nokuhla kwezi zivumelwano .
Ixabiso lixhomekeke kwiiziphi abathengi bacinga ukuba intlawulo yegesi okanye ioli iya kuba kwixesha elizayo. Xa abathengisi bacinga ukuba ixabiso legesi okanye ioli liza kuphakama, bawaphakamisela phezulu. Ngale ndlela, abathengisi bemveliso benza isiprofeto esizizalisayo. Oku kukhokelela kwibhola yexabiso . Ngelishwa, lowo uhlawula le bhobho nguwe.
Amanani eGesi neeoli aphakama xa ixabiso le dollar liyancipha . Kungenxa yokuba izivumelwano zasoyile zizonke zikarhulumente. Yingakho amaxabiso eoli aphakama phakathi kuka-2002 no-2014. I dollar yalahleka i-40 ekhulwini yexabiso layo ngeli xesha. Amanani e-oyile awa ngo-2015 nango-2016. Kungenxa yokuba i- dollar eqinile yavumela amalungu e-OPEC ukuba ayenze imali xa begcina ukubonelelwa rhoqo.
Iingxelo zoLawulo loLwazi lweeNkcukacha zamanzi ukuba amaxabiso eoli aya kuhlala ekuleni olufanayo ngo-Matshi 2018. Oko kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso e-gas aya kuhamba phezulu. Kodwa abanye abathengisi bemveliso bacinga ukuba intengo ingahamba phezulu njengama-$ 68 ngomgqomo. Akunakwenzeka. Abavelisi beoli be-Shale baya kuqala ukubuyela kwi-intanethi kumaxabiso angoku.
Xa Elinye Linamanani Aphakamileyo?
Ngo- Agasti, ngo-2017 , ixabiso lentengo yegesi liye laphuma kwi-2.35 ye-$ gallon ukuya kwi-2.49 ye-gallon. Iphepho uHarvey yaqhela iipesenti ezi-5 zesizwe kunye ne-gas production.
ISebe leMandla likhuphe iibhola eziyi-500 000 zeoli kwiSicwangciso sePetroleum Reserve . NgoSeptemba 5, amaxabiso egesi abuyele ejwayelekile.
NgoNovemba 30, ngo-2016 , amaxabiso egesi aphakama xa i-OPEC yasika umveliso. Amalungu avumile ukunciphisa ukubonelelwa ngeemitha ezili-1.2 ngemini ngoJanuwari 2017. Ekuphenduleni, abahwebi bafaka iintengo zamafutha ukuya kwi-51 kwimitha emithathu ngo-Disemba 2016. Leyo mibini iphantsi kweminyaka engama-13 engama-26.55 / b ngo-Januwari 2016. iintsuku ezilandelelana emva kwentlanganiso. Umyinge wesizwe we-2.21 i-gallon nge-gallon yayingama-20 cents xa kuthelekiswa nomhla ofanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.
Ngo- Agasti 2015 , amaxabiso egesi aphakama ukusuka kumyinge we-2.58 wegolon ukuya kwi-2.62 yegaloni. Le ngqungquthela yenziwa ngenxa yokucocwa kwe-BP e-Indiana e-Whist, okwenza amanani kwi-Midwest ephakamileyo kunomyinge.
KwiCalifornia, inani elisepompo lenyuke phantse kwi $ 4 ngegolon ngoJulayi 2015.
Iingxaki zokucocwa eMidwest zithumela ioli yeCalifornia kwenye indawo. Ekubeni ingenazo iipayipi ezinkulu ezivela kwezinye iindawo, iCalifornia kwafuneka ilinde ama-tankers ngeoli engenayo ukufika. Into efana nale yenzeka ngo-2012. Yayingxaki yendawo yengingqi.
Amaxabiso aphakama ngo- Ephreli 2014 kuba intlawulo yeoli yekhaya yaphakama ibe ngu-101 ngemitha. Intengo yeoli yekhaya ibonakaliswe yi-grade grade, West Texas Intermediate. Amaxabiso e-oyile aphakama kuba iipayipi ezintsha ezivela kwi-Cushing, eKhoji yokugcina impahla ziyanciphisa iinqununu ezincitshisiwe ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu ukususela ngoNovemba 2009. Ukongezelela, ixabiso leoli elithunyelwa ngaphandle, ibakala elibizwa ngokuba yiNorth Sea Brent, lanyuka liya kuma-dollar 110 ngemitha. Oku kwabangelwa yimibutho yezopolitiko e- Ukraine , eNigeria nase-Iraq. Amanqaku olawulo loLwazi loLwazi lweMandla loLwazi oluqhelekileyo alindeleke ukuba ahlale kwi $ 3.60 ngegolon de ngoMeyi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2013 , i-Iran yaqalisa imikhosi yemfazwe kufuphi neTrait of Hormuz. Amaphesenti angama-20 eoli yehlabathi ahamba ngolu phawu oluncinci olukude ne-Iran ne-Oman. Ukuba i-Iran yayisongela ukuvala iStrait, yayiza kubangela ukwesaba okukhulu ukunikezelwa kweoli. Ngokulindela loo ngxaki, abathengisi beoli bafaka ixabiso, elifikile kwi-118.90 / umgqomo ngomhla kaFebruwari 8. Amaxabiso e-gesi awalandele kamva, aphakama ukuya ku-3.85 ngo-Febhuwari 25. Bavuka kwakhona ngo-Agasti 2013 kuba amaxabiso eoli ahlasela iinyanga ezili-15 ehlobo. Le ngqungquthela yenziwa yimibutho yezopolitiko eYiputa.
NgoSeptemba 2012 , amaxabiso aphakama ukuya kuma-grade angama-4.50 kwi-gallon eCalifornia. Oku kungenxa yokunqongophala kokunikezelwa kwezimbini ezibangela. Iyokuqala yayiyi-power flowage e-Exxon yokucoca ngokufanelekileyo eTorrance, CA. Ukungaphumeleli kwamandla kubangelwa ngumswakama wokushisa. Iyesibini yayikuvalwa kombhobho omkhulu we-oli-north-south oil. Ezi zifike phezulu kwi-refinery yokucoca ukucoca ngenxa yokugcinwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo.
Ngo-Agasti, amaxabiso ayephakamileyo ngenxa yesiqhwithi sikaIsake, esahlasela ummandla wase-Gulf Coast e-US ngo-Agasti 28, 2012. Ngalindelekile kwiCandelo I-mphuthu, izinto zokucocwa kwempahla kwindawo yokuvala imveliso. Ngenxa yoko, ukuveliswa kwamafutha angcolileyo kwalahleka imitha eyi-1.3 yezigidi ngemini. Oku kubangele inani lelizwe eliqhelekileyo legesi ukuxhamla ngosuku olunye, ukusuka kwi-$ 0.05 ukuya kwi-3.80 ngoLwesithathu. Amanani e-Ohio, e-Indiana nase-Illinois avuka ngakumbi, njengoko isithwathwa savala umbhobho odla iMidwest.
Ngomhla kaFebhuwari 2012, ukukhathazeka malunga nomsebenzi wamasosha omkhosi, ngo-Israyeli okanye nakwi-United States, ngokumelene ne- Irani kubangela amaxabiso aphezulu eoli . Okwesibini, ezinye izinto zokucoca iioli ze-US zavalwa, ngokwemibiko ye-EIA. Okwesithathu, ixabiso leoli neyegesi zivame ukunyuka zonke iintwasahlobo, kulindeleke ukuba kufuneke ukwanda kwexesha lekhefu lekhefu.
Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso legolon ye-petroli liye lashaya i-$ 3.50 ngo-Febhuwari 15, ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi ko-2011. Ngo-Matshi, umyinge wesizwe wawusuka kwi-$ 3.87 ngegolon. Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso leoli li fi kelele kwi-benchmark ye-$ 100 ibharri ezimbini iveki ngaphambili. I-oyile yahlawula i-$ 109.77 ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngaphambi kokuba ihlawule i-$ 107.40 ukuya phakathi kwe-Matshi.
Ngo- Apreli 2011 , ukwesaba malunga nokuxhamla e-Libya naseYiputa kwithumela amaxabiso eoli ukuya kuma-113 mali. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 2011, njengoko amaxabiso eoli ahla, ixabiso lepompo lahlala liphezulu. Ngoba? Abathengisi beemveliso babekhathazekile malunga nokuvalwa kwezinto zokucocwa ngenxa yezikhukhula zeMfulsi iMississippi .
Amanani eGesi ngo-2008 aphakama ukuya kwi-4.17 yee-gallon njengamaxabiso eoli aphakama kwi-$ 143.68 ibhokhwe, nangona ukufunwa kunye nokubonelela kwakunjalo. Ngexesha leengxaki zemali ka-2008, abathengisi beemveliso baqhuba ixabiso leoli, nangona ukunyuka kwenyuka kwaye ixabiso lawa. I-EIA icacise ukunyuka kwenyalo yemali yotyalo-mali kwiimarike zemveliso. Ngamanye amazwi, imali eyasetyenziselwa ukutyalomali kwi- real estate okanye ivenkile ye-stock market yayinotyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo leoli .
Ehlotyeni ka-2009 , ixabiso lepompo laphinde lavuka, naphezu kokunciphisa umnotho , okwenyuka kwemfuno. Abathengisi bemveliso babesizathu sokuba bobabini. Amaxabiso aphakama ngexesha lekhefu lehlobo, njengoko ukuqhubela umqhubi. Ekugqibeleni, ixabiso legesi kunye neoli liyakwandisa nanini xa kukho inkxalabo malunga nokunyuka kweemfuno ezivela eChina naseIndiya okanye ukuthengiswa kweoli.
Yintoni eyenza amaxabiso aphakamileyo aphezulu
Ixesha lohlobo lweeholide-ukuhamba kwexesha lwandisa amaxabiso e-gas ngokwemitha eyi-10 engama-gallon. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol kwandiswe, amaxabiso akhula. Amaxabiso awela ebusika, kuba iimfuno zokuthutha ziphantsi. Oku kwaye kwandisa ukwanda kwe-oyile ukutshisa ubusika kwi-northeastern-United States.
Oko Sinokusenza Ngayo
Into ebalulekileyo esenzayo iyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwethu kwegesi, mhlawumbi ngokuqhuba umlinganiselo omncinci okanye ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Okumangalisa kukuba, indlela efanelekileyo yokunyusa usebenze ngombane kukuba kugcinwe amathayi.
Kwixesha elide, sinokutshintsha yethu imfuno yeoli kunye negesi ngokutshintshela kwezinye iinqwelo zokuthutha. Abahlali basezidolophini bangasebenzisa uhambo lwabantu. Abanye bangasondela kumsebenzi wokunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba.
Ngaba le nciphiso ngokwayo inganciphisa intengo ephezulu yegesi? Kungenjalo, ukuba bekusekelwe ngokusisigxina kwixesha elide. Kungenxa yokuba i-petroli yenza iipesenti ezingama-20 kuphela zebheri nganye yeoli. Iinkampani zeoli ziza kuzuza kwiindawo ezingezona uphethiloli zoshishini labo. Kodwa nokuba ngaba abathengi banokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kweepesenti eziyi-100 zepetololine, amanani eoli anganciphisa ama-20 ekhulwini.
Kutheni i-Gas Boycott ingayi kusebenza
Ingaba i-petroli yokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, nokuba ixabiso leoli lihlala liphezulu? Mhlawumbi kungekhona kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba ezinye izinto eziya kwixabiso legesi ziza kuthatha ixesha elide ukutshintsha. Imirhumo, equka iipesenti ezili-13 zexabiso legesi, iya kufuna imvume yeCongress. Iindleko zokuhlaziya iimpahla, ezibandakanya iipesenti eziyi-8, kunye neendleko zokuhambisa, kwiipesenti ezi-7, zizinzileyo kwaye zinzima ukunciphisa.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwerhwebo enye yegesi kunokwandisa amaxabiso kuba bekuza kubakho iindawo ezincinci zegesi. Lezo nkampani ezazingcatshiswayo zazizithengisa i-gas yabo kulawo awanakunyulwa, enqabileyo injongo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo zonke iinkampani zegesi kuya kunciphisa amaxabiso ngama-20 ekhulwini. Iinkampani ze-oyile zinokuphakamisa amaxabiso kwi-jet fuel, i- oil heat , kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuze zenze ilahleko. Ukutshatyalaliswa akuyi kuchaphazela ezinye iingcinezelo kwixabiso leoli. Ezi zibandakanya ukwehla kweedola kunye nabathengisi bemveliso.
Indlela yokwenene yokunciphisa intengo yegesi kukunciphisa imfuno yegesi kunye neoli phezu kwexesha elide. Oku kuya kusebenza, ekubeni i-United States idla i-25 ekhulwini yeoli yehlabathi. Oku kuye kwanda kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ukususela kwiimitha ezili-15 zezigidi ngemini ukuya kwi-19.6 yezigidi ze-bpd. Umzamo odibeneyo unokubangela ukuba abathengisi bezinto zintengiso ukuba i-oyile yintengiso ebutyala. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba amaxabiso eoli abuyele kumanqanaba okuqala.