Iingxaki ze-Ukraine zithinta njani i-EU
Ngo-Apreli 7, ngo-2016, umboniso waseNetherlands wenqabile le ngxelo. Kwakungekho ukubopha ukususela ekubeni iPalamente yaseDatshi isele ivumelise le ngxelo. Kodwa ibonisa ukunyuka kwethemba kwi-EU ngokwayo. (Umthombo: "U-Netherlands uyalahla i-EU-Ukraine," i-BBC, ngo-Ephreli 7, ngo-2016. "IYurophu ilindele iVote yeDutch kwi-Ukraine," i-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Ephreli 5, 2016.)
Inkcazo
Amacala omabini alandela uMongameli uVladimir Putin, Inika abavukeli baseMpumalanga baseKrasi ithuba lokuhlanganisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-Ukraine ingakwazi ukunqoba ama-Russian-armatists. Kungenzeka ukuba i-Ukraine yempuma iya kuhambelana noMoscow, nangona ayinakukwazi. (Umthombo: "U-Putin Uvakalisa iSicwangciso se-7," I-New York Times, ngoSeptemba 3, 2014.)
Ngaphambili kwinyanga leyo, i-NATO ibonakalise iifoto ze-satellite ezibonisa ukuhlasela kweRussia kumda wasempumalanga ye-Ukraine. Intlanganiso yongxamiseko yase-EU yongezelela ezinye izigwebo kwiindawo ze-oyile kunye neebhanki zaseRashiya.
Oku kwenzeke kungekudala emva kweRashiya yathumela i-convoy yamaloli ngaphaya komda. Baye beza kunceda kwizixeko zasempuma zaseUkraine, ezigcinwe ngabavukeli baseRashiya. Kodwa ezininzi zamaloli zangena ngaphandle kokuvunywa. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, iUkraine yabika ukuba imoto emininzi yayisondele kumda waseRussia kwichweba laseAzov.
Yathi iRashiya yayidala iphambili yesibini kubavukeli. IRashiya nayo yayifuna ukufikelela komhlaba ngokusezantsi kwe-Ukraine. Kwakudinga indlela emfutshane ukuya eCrimea.
I-Ukraine ibonakalise i-convoy yeenqwelo zezempi zaseRashiya. Bayizisa iingalo kubarlubethi. Kwakuqala ukuba i-Ukraine ihlasele ngokuthe ngqo imikhosi yaseRashiya. (Umthombo: "I-Ukraine Inamandla Ukutshabalalisa Izithuthi ZaseRussia," iWashington Post, ngo-Agasti 15, 2014.)
NgoJulayi, iRashiya yakha ibutho layo lempi emngceleni. Kwakukho imikhosi engama-19 000 ukuya kuma-21,000, iinqanaba ezili-14 eziphambili ze-missile units, kunye neebhetri ezingama-30. Kwakuyimpembelelo ekulungele ukulwa nokuhlasela eMpuma yeUkraine kwesaziso somzuzu. IRashiya sele iqalise ii-rockets ngaphesheya komda ukuze kuxhaswe abavukeli baseUkraine. (Umthombo: "Ukwakha Ukwenza I-Russia Ilungele Ukulwa I-Ukraine," I-New York Times, ngo-Agasti 5, 2014.)
UPutin waphendula ngomhla kaFebruwari 23 wachitha i-ally Viktor Yanukovych. I-pro-West iqela lePalamente le-Ukraine lithatha uorhulumente. Yakha ukhetho olutsha ngoMeyi 25, 2014. Lufake i-Oleksandr Turchynov njengenkokheli yexeshana yelizwe.
Ingxaki yenzeke ngenxa yokuba u-Yanukovych wayengasebenzi kakuhle uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Wanyanzelisa i-Ukraine ukuba icele uncedo lwezemali.
Okokuqala, inqwenela kwi-EU, ngoko iRashiya. Ukubandezeleka kwezopolitiko kwenzeka kweli nqanaba. Abo bafuna ukuba basondele kwi-EU bazange bahlulwe xa isisombululo sishiywa. Umkhosi waseRashiya wamatye wamxhasa uYanukovych ukuba abuyele eKiev kwaye esondelelene neRashiya.
Izigwebo ezinxamnye neRashiya
I-United States kunye ne-EU zandisa izigwebo eziseRashiya ngoJulayi 29, 2014. Babefuna ukukholisa uPutin ukuba ayeke ukuxhasa abo basempumalanga ye-Ukraine abafuna ukuphula ilizwe. I-United Stated yayinobungqina bokuba iRashiya yanikezela ukwahlukana okwadutshulwa kwinqwelo ye-Malaysia Airlines nge-Yurophu ngo-Julayi 17, kwabulala abantu abangama-298.
Izigwebo zinciphisa kakhulu ezintlanu ezintandathu zeebhanki ezinkulu zeRashiya ukufumana inkxaso kunye nexesha elide elivela eYurophu. I-United States nayo iyanqanda ukuthunyelwa kweteknoloji kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kwi-Arctic yamanzi e-Arctic ephakamileyo okanye kwimveliso yeoli ye-shale.
IRashiya sele isuswe kwiQela leZibhozo .
Ngenxa yesigwebo se-US, iBP ixhala malunga neenzuzo zayo. I-Bank of America isinqamle ukubonakala kwayo eRashiya ngama-40 ekhulwini. I-Boeing kunye neUnited Technologies baqala ukugcina i-titanium. I-VSMPO yaseRashiya ngowona mveliso omkhulu wehlabathi wale nsimbi engaqhelekanga.
Ephendula, iRashiya yavunyelwe ukuthengiswa kwezinto zaseYurophu kunye ne-Yurophu kunyaka owodwa. Oku kwakuquka izigidi ezingama-300 zeemveliso zeenkukhu zase-US.
Emva kokutshatyalaliswa, utsalo-mali olusemthethweni lwangaphandle eRussia luye lwahla nge-$ 75 billion. Yiyo engama-4 ekhulwini kwipropathi yelizwe elipheleleyo. Imarike yayo yesitokisi yawela ngamaphesenti angama-20. Imali yayo, i-ruble, yawa ekhulwini. Ukunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ibhanki ephakathi yaseRashiya yaphakamisa izinga lentengo (Umthombo: "Uqoqosho lweRashiya," i-Economist, ngoMeyi 3, 2014.)
Izigwebo zenza ukuba iRashiya ibuyiswe
I- International Monetary Fund yinqumle ukukhula kwayo ngonyaka we-2014 kwiRashiya ukusuka kwi-3.8% ukuya kwi -2 ekhulwini. Nangona u-Putin eqhubeka eyaziwayo ekhaya, ezi zigwebo zilimaza uqoqosho lwelizwe. (Umthombo: I-Wall Street Journal, iU.S., i-EU, Yandisa ngokucacileyo ukulungiswa kweeNkundla, ngoJulayi 30, 2014)
Amazwe amaninzi amancinci angqonge iRashiya akhathazeke ukuba xa i-Ukraine iwa, beya kuba lilandelayo. I-EU ayinakwenzeka ukuyikhusela, kuba ixhomekeka kwiRashiya isigxina segesi yayo. Amashishini amaninzi aseYurophu anemisebenzi enenzuzo eRashiya. Abanye bavelana noPutin, okhusela imida yaseRashiya esuka kwi- NATO .
Kutheni I-Ukraine Ibaluleke Kangako kuPotin?
Umgca wePutin phezu kwe-Ukraine wandisa ukuphakama kwakhe kwimizuzu engama-80. Le nkxaso yaqiniswa xa iRashiya yandisa i-Ukraine ngo-Ephreli 2014. Yayixhasa amavukeli asekuhlaleni awathatha iholo kunye nezikhululo zamapolisa kulo lonke icala. Loo ndawo uhlala kwiRussia yobuhlanga abangafuni ukuba yinxalenye ye-EU. Kodwa abo baseRussia bashukunyiswa apho nguJoseph Stalin iminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo ukuqinisa iRiphabhlikhi yaseSoviet kule ndawo. (Umthombo: "Inkxwaleko ye-Ukraine: Yintoni eyenzekayo?" I-BBC, ngo-Ephreli 14, 2014.)
Oku kulandela ukuxhaswa kweRashiya kwipeninula yaseCrimea ngoMatshi. I-Russia yathi ikhusela ukufikelela kwayo ekungena kwiiLwandle oluMnyama. U-Putin uqikelele ukuba yayiza kuhlawula iRashiya ngaphezu kwe-20 billion zebhiliyoni ukuya ku-2020 ukudibanisa loo ndawo. UUkraine ucebe ukuphuhlisa izityalo zegesi zeCrimea kwiminyaka emibili ngokubambisana neenkampani zase-US. Ukuba iUkraine yenza oku, iRashiya yayiza kulahleka enye yabathengi bayo baninzi.
Kodwa izihlwele ezixhasayo ezingama-260,000 zamaTrasi eTrimeya. Babephantsi kokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ngexesha lolawulo lweSoviet. Baye banyanzelwa ukuba bathuthele e-Central Asia, apho ihafu yabo yafa. I-Crimean Tatars ixhasa uxolo lwe-Orange Revolution yase-Ukraine. (Umthombo: "I-Tatars yamaCrimea Zama ukugcina ukunyaniseka kwabo ngoxolo," i-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Matshi 11, 2013. "Udliwano kunye nomongameli wangaphambili waseGeorgia uSaakashvili," i-Fox Business News, ngoMatshi 4, 2014.)
IRashiya yenye yeemarike ezikhulayo ezithintela ukutshabalalisa imali ngo-2014. Abathengisi be-Forex baye balahla ezo marike xa i-Federal Reserve iqala ukutshintshela inkqubo yayo yokunciphisa . Oko kunciphisa i-credit emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Russia yenza imfazwe e-Chechnya kuma-2000. U-Putin unamathele i-Ossetia eGeorgia ngo-2008, kwaye ihlabathi leNtshona alizange lingenele. Kwakhona waqalisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber e-Estonia. Kodwa i-Ukraine inkulu kwaye imida i-EU ngqo. (Umthombo: "Udliwano-ncokola kunye noSihlalo weKomiti yezoBunhloli beNdlu uMike Rogers (uR-Mich.)," CNN.)