Sinjani Ngokwenene NgoVladimir Putin?
I-Cyberattack e-US Ukhetho lukaMongameli
Ngomhla wama-30 kuDisemba, 2016, uMongameli uBrazil wagweba iRashiya malunga ne-cyberattacks ngexesha le- 2016 . I-CIA isityholwa iRashiya yokukhwabanisa kwiKomiti yeSizwe yeDemocratic and Hillary Clinton. Yashicilele iziphumo, zichaphazela kakubi ukhetho lwakhe lonyulo.
Oku kwakhokelela kuPhando oluPhezulu lwe-Russian interference kwi-EU yonyulo lukazwelonke. Ngo-Oktobha 30, ngo-2017, uMcebisi okhethekileyo uRobert Mueller utyhile izibheno ngokuchasene namagosa amathathu e-Trump. Umcebisi wephulo, uGeorge Papadopoulos, wavuma ukuba wazama ukudibanisa iinkokheli zaseRashiya kunye neTrump ukuba zixubushe izibopho zase-US-Russia. Amanye amagosa amabili eTrump ahlawuliswa ngemali yokufumanisa imali abayifumana kwiqela lezopolitiko elinobungane e-Ukraine.
Ukuhlaselwa eSiriya
NgoSeptemba 30, 2015, uPutin wasungula iinqwelo zokulwa ne-ISIS eSiriya. Kodwa izikhulu zase-US zathi i-Russian strikes yayingekho ndawo eyaziwayo kwiindawo ze-ISIS.
Kunoko, kwabonakala iRashiya ixhasa uMongameli waseSiriya uBashar al-Assad. Ezi hlaselo zibeka iRashiya ingqubuzana ne-United States, eyayixhasa amaSiriya ahlala elwa no-ISIS no-Assad. (Umthombo: "I-Russia iqala ii-Airstrikes zokuqala eSiriya," CNN, ngoSeptemba 30, 2015.)
Ukuhlaselwa eCrimea naseUkraine
UPutin wahlasela isango lase-Ukraine laseCrimea ngo-Matshi 2014.
Uthe wayekhusele ichweba laseRashiya kuphela elifudumeleyo emva kokugqitywa kukaMongameli we-Ukraine kunye noPutin, uViktor Yanukovych. I-Russia yabe imisa imikhosi emngceleni waseMpuma. Wayexhasa abaseburhulumenteni baseRashiya ababezama ukuthabatha elo candelo leli lizwe. I-United States kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu yenze izigwebo. Kodwa ukuthandwa kukaPutin kunye nabantu baseRussia bazama ukukhusela ilizwe lakhe ngeNtshona. Ngaphezulu, jonga iindlela ezintathu zeCrisis Ukraine .
Iipolisi zoPhuhliso zikaPutin
Xa uPutin eba nguMongameli, iRashiya yayingabikho. Yayinetyala ngakumbi kwiNgxowa- mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe kunokuba ibe neengxowa-mali zemali zangaphandle.
Ngo-2001, u-Putin wanyusa iinguqu ezininzi. Wakha i-13 epesenti yentlawulo yengeniso. Wanciphisa irhafu yenkampani kwi-35% ukuya kuma-24 ekhulwini. Wawunciphisa igalelo loKhuselo loLuntu ukusuka ku-39.5% ukuya kwi-26%, kwaye wavumela ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zoshishino. Wadibanisa ukuqokelela irhafu kwelinye i-arhente, kwaye wachaza ukuphulwa kwentela encinci. Ngomnyaka we-2002, wahlenga ilayisenisi yamashishini amancinci. Kwakhona waza wavumela ubume bezolimo (bebonke bebambene ngaphambili.) Olu lungiso luvuselele ukurhweba kwezoqoqosho eRashiya, ukuqhubela phambili ukukhula.
UPutin waziva esongelwa ngamandla amanye amaqumrhu kunye nekhosi elandelwayo ngo-2003.
Wenza i-Yukos i-oil company. Wathumela umnini wawo, uMikhail Khodorkovsky, ejele ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwentela kunye nokukhwabanisa. Wadibanisa uYukos kunye nenkampani kazwelonke yeoli yeRoseneft. UPutin wathengisa izabelo zikaRosneft kubatyala-mali bamanye amazwe ngo-2006. Ngo-2007, wenza okufanayo ne-VTB yasebhanki.
Imfihlo yePowerin Power
Iinkampani ezifana neRosneft zilawulwa yi- oligarchy yamaPutin kunye nabalandeli. Ngenxa yoko, baye baba nobutyebi. Ziyimfihlo kunye namandla kaPutin.
Ngokutsho kweNew York Times, iRashiya iye yalawulwa yi-oligarchy ngenye indlela ukusuka kwi-1400s. Esi sithintelo kwisikhululo sokwenyaniso semakethe yeyona nto yinto enkulu ekukhuleni kweRashiya. Ngenxa yoko, ama shishini aseburhulumenteni, i-gas, ibhanki kunye nesakhiwo somatshini baye bahlaselwa. Utyalo-mali oluze ngqo lwaye lwayehla, luye lwacotha umnotho waseRashiya.
Uthando oluphela kuphela olutshishino oluzimeleyo. Ezi shishini zikhulayo ziquka iimveliso zentengiso, izakhiwo kunye nezinyithi.
UPutin uhlala eyaziwayo eRussia kuba ubuyisela ubuqheno besizwe. Ngo-2007, iTime Magazine yathi nguMntu woMnyaka. UPutin wasebenza ngempumelelo kubulungu baseRussia kwi- World Trade Organisation ngo-2012. Le nto yathumela umyalezo kwihlabathi ukuba iRashiya iyavumelana nemithetho yezorhwebo yehlabathi. Kwakhona uye wagqogqa intlalo yoluntu kwaye yimbane yehlabathi jikelele esemthethweni.
Political Pipeline Politics
Ngombulelo kwipolitiki yamaPayin, iRashiya yaba ngumvelisi ohamba phambili weoli ngo-2011. Kwagqithisa ngakumbi i-Saudi Arabia. IRashiya yimizi-mveliso ye-gesi yendalo yesibini, kuba ibona iindawo ezinkulu zokugcina umhlaba. Kwakhona ibamba iindawo zokugcina iilahle ezinkulu, kunye neendawo zokugcina iioli ezinobuncinane. IRashiya iphinde ithumele intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium.
IRashiya yayinzima kakhulu ngexesha leengxaki zemali ka - 2008 , kodwa amaxabiso aphezulu eoli ancedisa ukuba ibuyele ngokukhawuleza. Ngonyaka ka-2012, umkhiqizo wekhaya owenziweyo uphuhliswe kwi-2.6 trillion. Kodwa izinga lokukhula kwalo liye lancipha ukusuka ngo-1990 ukuya kuma-3.4 ekhulwini ngo-2012. Lungeniswa kwemali ngo-2015 nangama-2016.
Ukuhlaziywa kweoli ye-US shale kunye nokuveliswa kwegesi kusongela uqoqosho lwaseRashiya. I-Gazprom, inkampani yegesi ka-gas, inika i-quarter quarter of the needs of Europe. Njengoko ukuveliswa kwe-US kwenyuka, ixabiso leoli neyegesi zawa. Ukudibanisa nezohlwayo kwanciphise umnotho waseRashiya.
Iimfuno zeRashiya ziza kubonelela kuphela eminye iminyaka engama-20 kumanqanaba angoku. Kudinga utyalo-mali oluthile ukufikelela kwiindawo ezigcinwe kuyo kwi-tundra eqingqiweyo. I-Putin idinga ukwandisa ukuthembela kwamanye amashishini, njengeteknoloji yenkcazelo, iindiza kunye neenjini, apho iRashiya inenzuzo yokukhuphisana. Ingaba u-Putin unako ukunyathela kumngeni onzima.
Drive yePutin yokwenza iRashiya ibe yiNtloko yehlabathi
Ngo-2013, u-Putin wabamba umhlangano we -G-20 eSt. Petersburg. Iingxoxo zijolise ukuba ngaba i-US kufuneka ithumele kwiimfazwe zokumkisa ukulwa neSiriya malunga nokusetyenziswa okunye kwezixhobo zamachiza, eziye zavalwa emva kokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiWWI. UPutin wayechasene nayiphi na ingenelelo yempi ngokumelene ne-ally yaseSiriya, apho iRashiya isekela ngeengalo kunye nerhwebo.
Ngo-2006, wathatha isingqungquthela se-G-8 , esebenzisa ukuyomeleza indima yakhe njengenkokeli yehlabathi kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo athile ekuqhubekeni koqoqosho lwaseRashiya. Ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, uPutin:
- Ukukhulula i-ruble, ukuvumela ukuba imali idluliselwe ngaphandle nase-Russia.
- Uvumelekile uRossne, iqumrhu le-oyile likarhulumente, ukuthengisa izabelo kwi-London Stock Exchange.
- Izivumelwano zokurhweba ezisekelwe kunye neKhanada malunga neGesi yeNdalo yeNdalo kunye ne-uranium.
- Wamenywa nge-US i-Global Initiative yokulwa noKhuseleko lweNyukliya, ukuphindaphinda ukunikezelwa kweRashiya ukuthengisa i-uranium eyenze i-Iran.
Emva kokuba iRashiya ihlasele iCrimea, amanye amalungu asixhenxe awavotela ebandleni.
Umsebenzi wePutin wokuqala
UPutin wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 1, 1952, eLeningrad, ngoku eyiSt. Petersburg, eRashiya. Waba ngumbono wobugcisa base-karate esemncinci. Wathola idigithi yomthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseLeningrad State ngo-1975. Wajoyina i-KGB, waza wafumana abantu bezinye iintlanga ukuba baqokelele i-intelligence ye-spy agency.
Wahlala njengommeli we-Dresden, eJamani, ukususela ngo-1985 ukuya ku-1990. Ngo-1991, washiya i-KGB ukuba isebenzele i-dolobha yaseSt. Petersburg waza waba ngu-usekela-dolobha ngo-1994. Wajoyina uMongameli uBuris Yeltsin "wangaphakathi" ngo-1996 Wayeyiphini lesigqeba somlawuli wengingqi yaseRashiya, i-Kremlin. Ngo-1999, waba nguNobhala weBhunga loKhuseleko.
Kamva ngo-1999, uYeltsin wammisela uNdunankulu. UPutin waba ngumongameli we-31 ngoDisemba ngaloo nyaka. Izwe liqinisekisile eso sikhundla ngo-7 Matshi 2000, ukhetho. Wabuyisa ukhetho kwakhona ngo-2004. U-Putin akakwazanga ukusebenzela uMongameli ngo-2008, ngoko umlingani wakhe uDmitry Medvedev waba nguMongameli. UPutin wathatha i-ofisi kaNdunankulu. U-Putin wanyulwa kwakhona nguMongameli kwixesha eliyiminyaka emithandathu leminyaka ngo-2012.