Ngaba i-United States i-Oligarchy?
I-plutocracy yintlupheko ye-oligarchy. I-plutocracy yilapho iinkokeli zizityebi.
Iinkokheli kwi-oligarchy akudingeki ukuba zityebi, nangona zihlala zikhona. Ngokomzekelo, isikolo esiphakeme esilawulwa yi-clique ethandwayo yi-oligarchy. I-plutokhrasi isoloko i-oligarchy, kodwa kukho i-oligarchies engekho i-plutocracies.
I-oligarchy iyakwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yezopolitiko. Kwidemokhrasi, ii-oligarchs azikhethwa ngabantu. Kunoko, basebenzisa ubudlelwane babo nemali ukuchaphazela amagosa akhethiweyo. Kubukumkani okanye utyholi, banamandla anele kunye nemali yokunyusa inkosi okanye utyholi.
Umthetho wesinyithi we-oligarchy uthi yonke intlangano okanye uluntu ekugqibeleni kuya kuba yi-oligarchy. Kungenxa yokuba abantu abafunda ukuphumelela kwintlangano bafumana inzuzo yokukhuphisana . Inkulu kwaye yinkimbinkimbi, umbutho uya kuba, uncedo olungakumbi lwabafundi.
Ama-oligarchs adibanisa nabanye ababelana ngezo zinto. Ziba liqela elincinane ngokuchasene neninzi engabonakaliyo.
Baqhenqa abaxhaphakileyo ababelana ngexabiso kunye neenjongo zabo. Kuba nzima kunomntu oqhelekileyo ukuba aphule kwiqela labahlali.
Iinkonzo
I-Oligarchies ikhona kuyo nayiphi na intlangano ehambisa amandla kwiqela elincinci labaqhubi kunye nabarhwebi. Amanye amandla kufuneka athunyelwe kwiqela leengcali zeengcali ukuze inhlangano isebenze.
Ngamanye amazwi, akusebenzi kakuhle ukuba wonke umntu enze zonke izigqibo ngalo lonke ixesha.
I-oligarchy ivumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bagxile kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla. Bayazinyamekela imiba echaphazela uluntu jikelele. Basenokuchitha ixesha labo besenza ezinye izinto, njengokusebenza emsebenzini wabo okhethiweyo, ukuhlakulela ubudlelwane kunye neentsapho zabo, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo.
I-oligarchy ivumela abantu bokudala ukuba bachithe ixesha elifunekayo ukuze bavuselele ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Kungenxa yokuba i-oligarchy ilawula uluntu. Ziyakwazi ukuphumelela ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimveliso kunye nempumelelo yazo zizuza ngokunjalo neminqweno ye-oligarchy.
Izigqibo ezenziwe yi-oligarchy ziyalondolozo kuba iinjongo kukugcina isimo semeko. Ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba nayiphi na inkokheli enamandla inokuthi iqhube uluntu ukuba lube nemisebenzi enobungozi.
Umxhasi
I-Oligarchies yandisa ukungalingani kwemali . Kungenxa yokuba ii-oligarchs zithengisa ubutyebi besizwe kwiipokethi zazo. Okushiya ngaphantsi komntu wonke.
Njengoko iqela elingaphakathi lizuza amandla, lifuna ukuyigcina. Njengoko ulwazi lwabo nobuchule babo bukhula, kuba nzima kunoma ubani ukuba angene.
I-Oligarchies inokuba yinto yokuhamba. Bakhetha abantu abanjengabo ababelana ngemilinganiselo efanayo kunye nelizwe.
Oku kunokuhlwayela imbewu yokunciphisa njengoko belahlekelwa ukulungelelaniswa kwamanqaku ahlukeneyo .
Ukuba i-oligarchy ithatha amandla amaninzi, inokuthintela imakethi yamahhala . Banokuvumelana ngokungaqhelekanga ukulungisa amanani aphula imithetho yokubonelela kunye nokufuna .
Ukuba abantu balahlekelwa ithemba lokuba banokungena kwi-oligarchy ngelinye ilanga, banokukhungatheka kunye nogonyamelo. Ngenxa yoko, banokugumbuqela iklasi yokulawula. Oku kunokuphazamisa uqoqosho kwaye kubangele ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka kubantu bonke kuluntu.
Iingxaki ezintathu ze-Oligarchies
Iifom ye-oligarchy xa iinkokeli zivuma ukunyusa amandla abo kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinceda uluntu. Abantu abaphetheyo bahle kakhulu kwizinto abazenzayo, ngaphandle koko bebengayi kuvuka kuloo nqanaba. Yiloo ndlela abanokuqhubeka ngayo ukuthatha ubutyebi obuninzi kunye namandla kulabo abangenazo ezo zakhono okanye iimfuno.
Ulawulo lobukhosi okanye utyhutyha lunokwenza i-oligarchy ukuba inkokeli ibuthathaka. U-oligarchy ukwandisa amandla akhe okuzungezile. Xa inkokheli ishiya, ii-oligarchs zihlala zingamandla. Bakhetha ipopethi okanye omnye wabo ukuze athathe inkokheli.
I-Oligarchies inokuvela kwintando yesininzi ukuba abantu abahlali baziswa. Oku kwenzeka ngakumbi xa uluntu luba nzima kakhulu kwaye lunzima ukuluqonda. Abantu bazimisele ukwenza urhwebo. Bavumela abo abanomdla kunye nolwazi ukuba balawule ukuthatha.
U mzekelo
Amazwe amathathu awaziwayo ngama-oligarchies yiRashiya , iChina ne- Iran . Amanye aquka i-Saudi Arabia, iTurkey kunye nokuShatshazwa koMzantsi Afrika.
USorgarches
Ngaba i-United States i-oligarchy? Abaninzi bezomnotho, njengoTomas Piketty noSimon Johnson, bathi mhlawumbi ngoku okanye uhamba ngale ndlela. Esinye isibonakaliso kukuba ukungalingani kwengeniso kuyanda. Imali ye-1 pesenti yabanikezeli ivela kuma-400 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-1979 no-2005.
Iingxenye zibini zoloo kunyuka ziye zafika ku-0.1 ekhulwini. Laba baphathi bezekampani, i-hedge fund kunye nabanye abaphathi bezezimali, oommeli, kunye nabatyalo-mali bempahla. Baya ezikolweni ezifanayo, bahamba ngeembalo zentlalo efanayo, bahlale kwiibhodi zabanye.
Ngokomzekelo, uDavid noCharles Koch benza ubutyebi babo ngokutyalomali kwiimveliso zeoli. Baxhasa ezopolitiko ezizimeleyo ngokusebenzisa i-Koch Foundations. Enye nguHarold Hamm, umninimzi weeMithombo yelizwekazi, owavula ii-Bakken shale masimi kunye nokuxhasa amaRiphabhulikhi.
Uphando olwanyatheliswa yiyunivesithi yaseNyakatho-ntshona kunye ne-Princeton luxhasa i-oligarchy ibango. Yayihlaziya i-1,800 imigaqo-nkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo eyenziwe phakathi kuka-1981 no-2002. Abaphandi bawaqhathanisa nokukhethwa kwamacandelo amane. Kufumanise ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ilandelelaniswa neenqweno zamaqela amancinci kunye namacandelo athile anomdla aqhelekanga ahambelane nalabo bantu abaphakathi okanye amaqela anomdla.
Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi baseMerika baziva bexakekile. Ukuba akunjalo, baziva bengenakukunceda ekuthinteleni uluntu lwabo. UGallup uxela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-76 ziziva zinganelisekanga ngendlela izinto ezihamba ngayo ngoku. Kwakhona, ama-67 ekhulwini awanelisekanga ngokusasazwa ngeniso. Ngenxa yoko, iipesenti ezingama-43 zivakalelwa kukuba akukho ithuba elikhulu lokufikelela. Oku kunyuka kuma-17 ekhulwini ngo-1997.
Oku kwakhokelela kumaqela okubhikisha njengamaqela e- Tea Party kunye ne-Occupy Wall Street . Nangona kunjalo, iCawa leTe libhekiselele ingqumbo yabantu kwi-federal government, kungekhona i-oligarchy. Ukunyakaza kwe-Occupy Wall Street akuzange kwenzeke utshintsho lwangempela.
Ukunganeliseki kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiphulo lika- 2016 lomongameli . Yakha ukukhawuleza kwabaviwa kwiziphelo zombini zezopolitiko. UBernie Sanders wahlambalaza loo migaqo eyenza ukungalingani kweengeniso. UDonald Trump ubambe iqela leTea, amaRephabhuliki aqhelekileyo kunye namaDemokhrasi "kwindawo" efanayo. I-Trump isetyenzisile ingqumbo kwimeko yokwenza ukunyulwa kokhetho.
UMongameli uTump wazalisa isikhundla sakhe seKhabhinethi kunye nabaninzi be-elite abaye bawagxotha. Wanikezela ngokubambisa ababenokuqala ukuba baqondise umgaqo-nkqubo kwiindawo ababekade bezibandakanya kuzo.