Lawula uQoqosho, Ubume bawo, iiNzuzo, kunye neNgxowa

Iinkalo ezintlanu zoMyalelo wezoQoqosho

Uqoqosho lolawulo yilapho urhulumente ophakathi enza zonke izigqibo zoqoqosho. Urhulumente okanye umntu oqokelelweyo ungumhlaba kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Ayithembeli kwimithetho yokubonelela kunye neemfuno ezisebenza kwezoqoqosho lwemarike . Uqoqosho lolawulo lugatya kwakhona amasiko axhobisa ubutyebi bendabuko . Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uqoqosho oluninzi olucwangcisiweyo lwentlangano luqale ukongeza iinkalo zoqoqosho lwemarike.

Uqoqosho oluxubileyo olungumphumo lufezekisa iinjongo zabo.

Iinkalo ezinhlanu zoMyalelo woQoqosho

Uyakwazi ukubona uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lwangoku lwangoku zilandelayo ziimpawu ezihlanu.

1. Urhulumente udala isicwangciso soqoqosho esisiseko. Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu sichaza iinjongo zoqoqosho nezentlalo kuwo onke amacandelo kunye nommandla welizwe. Izicwangciso zexesha elifutshane ziguqula iinjongo kwiinjongo ezinokusebenza.
2. Urhulumente wabela zonke izibonelelo ngokwecebo eliphambili. Izama ukusebenzisa i- capital capital , abasebenzi kunye nemithombo yendalo ngendlela efanelekileyo kakhulu. Ithembisa ukusebenzisa izakhono zomntu ngamnye kunye nobuchule kumandla abo aphezulu. Ifuna ukuqeda ukungasebenzi.
3. Isicwangciso esiyinhloko sichaza phambili kwimveliso yazo zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Ezi zibandakanya ii-quotas kunye nokulawulwa kwexabiso. Injongo yalo kukubonelela ngokutya okwaneleyo, izindlu kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabantu bonke kweli lizwe. Ikwabekwa phambili kwilizwe. Ezi zibandakanya ukugqugquzela imfazwe okanye ukuvelisa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho .

1. Urhulumente unamashishini amanyeneyo . Ezi zikumashishini abonwa njengabalulekile kwiinjongo zoqoqosho. Okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya i-finance, i-utilities kunye ne-automotive. Akukho kho phiswano lwasemakhaya kula macandelo.
2. Urhulumente udala imithetho, imimiselo kunye nemiyalelo yokunyanzelisa isicwangciso esiyinhloko. Amashishini alandela imveliso yenkqubo kunye nokuqesha iithagethi. Abakwazi ukuphendula ngokwabo ukukhulula imarike. (Umthombo: Bon Kristoffer G. Gabnay, uRoberto M Remotin, Jr., u-Edgar Allan M. Uy, abahleli.Izoqoqosho : iiNkcazo kunye neMimiselo yayo 2007. I-Rex Book Store: iManla.)

Inzuzo

Uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lunokukhawuleza ukuhlanganisa ubutyebi bezoqoqosho kwizinga elikhulu. Bangakwazi ukwenza iiprojekthi ezinkulu, ukudala amandla oshishino, nokudibana neenjongo zoluntu. Azincishiswa ngamacala omntu avela kumntu okanye kwingxelo yefuthe.

Ulawulo lwezoqoqosho lunokuguqula ngokupheleleyo uluntu ukuba luhambisane nombono kaRhulumente. Ulawulo olutsha luvelisa iinkampani ezizimeleyo. Abanikazi balo bangaphambili baya kwiiklasi zokufunda. Abasebenzi bafumana imisebenzi emitsha ngokusekelwe kuhlolo lukaRhulumente lwezakhono zabo.

Iingxaki

Ukuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza kudla ngokubhekiselele ekutheni uqoqosho lwamayalo ludibanise ezinye iimfuno zoluntu. Umzekelo, urhulumente uxelela abasebenzi ukuba yimiphi imisebenzi abayayifeza. Iyabakhuthaza ukuba bangahambi. Impahla evelisayo ayisoloko isekelwe kwimfuno yabathengi. Kodwa abemi bafumana indlela yokuzalisekisa iimfuno zabo. Bavame ukuphuhlisa umnotho wesithunzi okanye imarike emnyama. Ithenga kwaye ithengise izinto i-economic command. Imizamo yeenkokeli yokulawula eli shishino liyanciphisa inkxaso.

Bavame ukuvelisa into emininzi kwaye ayinelanga ngokwamanye. Kunzima kubacebisi abakhulu ukuba bafumane ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neemfuno zabathengi. Kwakhona, amaxabiso amiselwe isicwangciso esiyinhloko.

Abasayi kulinganisela okanye ukulawula imfuneko. Esikhundleni saloo nto, ukuhlalutya kubanzi kuyimfuneko.

Ulawulo lwezoqoqosho ludikibalalisa izinto ezintsha. Bavuza iinkokheli zoshishino ngokulandela izikhokelo. Oku akuvumeli ukuba kuthathe ingozi efunekayo ukudala izisombululo ezintsha. Ulawulo lwezoqoqosho luzabalazela ukuvelisa okuthengiswayo okulungileyo kumaxabiso entengiso kwihlabathi. Kunzima kubacebisi abaphambili ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike yasekhaya. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunzima kakhulu.

U mzekelo

Nazi imimandla yamazwe awaziwa kakhulu ngamazwe oqoqosho:

• I-Belarus - Le ndlela yangaphambili ye-Soviet iseyi-economic control. URhulumente unama-80 ekhulwini lamashishini ayo kunye neepesenti ezingama-75 zeebhanki zayo.
• I-China - Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iMao Tse Tung yakha uluntu olulawulwa yiKomanisi . Wawomeleza uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo. Iikhokeli zangoku zihambela kwinkqubo esekelwe kwimarike. Baqhubeka nokudala izicwangciso zeminyaka emihlanu yokucacisa iinjongo zezoqoqosho kunye neenjongo zezoqoqosho.

• ICuba - Uguquko luka-1959 lweFidel Castro lufake uKhomism kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo. I-Soviet Union incedise uqoqosho lwaseCuba kwaze kwaba ngo-1990. Urhulumente uhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuguqula iimarike ukukhuthaza ukukhula.
• I-Iran - Urhulumente ulawula iipesenti ezingama-60 zoqoqosho ngokusebenzisa amashishini karhulumente. Isebenzisa ukulawulwa kwexabiso kunye neenkxaso zokulawula ukuthengisa. Oku kudala ukukhishwa kwezinto, ezingayigxina. Esikhundleni salokho, izinikezele ngezixhobo zokwandisa amandla ayo enyukliya. IZizwe eziManyeneyo zigwebe izigwebo, ziba nzima ukunyuka kwawo. Uqoqosho luphuculwe emva kokuba i- urhwebo lwenyukliya iphele izigwebo ngo-2015.
• I-Libya - Ngowe-1969, uMuammar Gaddafi wadala uqoqosho lolawulo oluxhomekeke kwiimali zerhafu. Uninzi lwabantu baseLibyra basebenzela urhulumente. UGaddafi wayeqalise ukulungiswa kobuchule ukudala uqoqosho olusekelwe kwiimarike. Kodwa ukubulawa kwakhe ngo-2011 kuye kwalumkisa ezi zicwangciso.
• INyakatho Korea - Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uMongameli Kim Il-sung wadala uqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi. Yakha ukunqongophala kokutya, ukungondlekanga kunye neendlala ezininzi zendlala yindlala. Uninzi lwezibonelelo zombuso ziya kwakha umkhosi.
• I-Russia - Ngo-1917, uVladimir Lenin wagumbuqela ii-czars. Wadala umnotho wokuqala wobuKomanisi. UJosef Stalin wakha amandla omkhosi waza wakha kwakhona umnotho emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. IKomiti yeCandelo loCwangciso lweSoviet, okanye i-"Gosplan," ibe yinkampani yezoqoqosho ezilawulwa kakhulu. I-USSR yayiyeyona ndlela ide kakhulu yolawulo lolawulo, oluhlala ukususela kuma-1930 ukuya ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Emva koko, urhulumente udlulisela ubunini beenkampani ezinkulu kwiiliglig .

Ukuphuhliswa kweTheory

Uqoqosho lwe-Viennese u-Otto Neurath uphuhliso lomgaqo woqoqosho lolawulo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. I-Neurath icetywayo njengendlela yokulawula i- hyperinflation . Ibinzana elithi "uqoqosho lolawulo" livela kwigama lesiJalimane elithi "Befehlswirtschaft." Lichaza uqoqosho lwamaNazi (umthombo: uJohn Eatwell, uMurray Milgate, uPeter Newman, iingxaki zoMnotho oCwangcisiweyo.

Kodwa uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lwangaphakathi lwalukho ixesha elide phambi kweJamani laseJamani. Babandakanya ubukhosi bama-Incan kwi-16 leminyaka yePeru nama-Mormons nge-19 leminyaka ye-Utah. I-United States isebenzise uqoqosho lolawulo ukuqokelela iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. (Umthombo: UJohn Gary Maxwell, Iminyaka Yemfazwe Yase-Utah. IYunivesithi yase-Oklahoma Press. 2016. "Urhulumente we-Inca kunye noQoqosho." Imiphakathi yasekuqaleni kwiThala leeNcwadi zeMerika , ehleliwe nguSonia G. Benson, et al., Vol. : Almanac, Vol 1, UXL, 2005, iphe. 179-198 Imbali Yehlabathi Ngomxholo.)