Ezoqoqosho zokukala

Uqoqosho lwezinga lixesha lezoqoqosho elichaza inzuzo yokukhuphisana ukuba amaqela amakhulu anamaqela amancinci. Kuthetha ukuba inkulu ishishini, engekho inzuzo okanye urhulumente, iyancipha iindleko zayo. Umzekelo, iindleko zokuvelisa iyunithi enye ziphantsi xa iiyunithi ezininzi ziveliswa kanye.

Iintlobo zoQoqosho lweSikolo

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho lwezinga: ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Uqoqosho lwangaphakathi, njengoko igama lithetha, lwangaphakathi kwinkampani ngokwayo kwaye lulawulwa ngabaphathi.

Uqoqosho lwangaphandle luxhaswa ngamanye angaphandle. Ezi zinto zibandakanya ishishini, indawo yokuhlala, okanye urhulumente.

Uqoqosho lwangaphakathi lweSikolo

Uqoqosho lwangaphakathi lubangelwa kubukhulu benkampani, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lushishino luni okanye lithengisa. Ngokomzekelo, iinkampani ezinkulu zinako ukuthenga ngobuninzi. Oku kunciphisa iindleko nganye kwizinto ezifunekayo ukwenza iimveliso zabo. Bangasebenzisa ukonga ukunyusa inzuzo . Okanye, banokudlula ukugcinwa kwabathengi kunye nokukhuphisana kwixabiso. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili zoqoqosho lwangaphakathi .

1. Uqoqosho lwezobugcisa lwesiphumo sesiphumo ngenxa yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iindleko zokuvelisa zingawa ngama-70-90 ekhulwini rhoqo xa ishishini liphindaphinda umphumo walo. Iinkampani ezinkulu zingasebenzisa izixhobo ezinempumelelo. Umzekelo isofthiwe esineenkcukacha ngokuchanekileyo kwedatha evumela ukuba iqumrhu lijolise kubathengi balo ngokufanelekileyo ngempumelelo. Iinkampani ezinkulu zokuthutha zinganciphisa iindleko ngokusebenzisa iinqwelo eziphezulu, ezifana neenqwelo zePanamax ezithwala izithuthi ezili-16. Ekugqibeleni, iikhampani ezinkulu zifumana uqoqosho lwezobugcisa ngenxa yokuba zifunda ngokwenza. Baye phambili kuncintiswano lwabo oluncinci kwikota yokufunda.

1. Amandla e-Monopsony yilapho inkampani ithenga kakhulu umkhiqizo onokuthi uxoxisane nexabiso elincinane kunamncinci amancinci. Ngokomzekelo, iWal-Mart ingaba namaxabiso aphantsi ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo amakhulu okuthenga anika uqoqosho lwamazinga oqoqosho.
2. Uqoqosho lolawulo lwezinga luvela xa amafemu angaqesha iingcali ukuba ziphathe indawo ezithile zenkampani. Umzekelo ngumlawuli wokuthengisa othe ngqo.

1. Uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lwakhiwo lithetha inkampani inokufikelela okuncinci kunkunzi . Inkampani enkulu inokufumana inkxaso- mboleko kwiimarike zamasheya kunye nomnikelo wokuqala womntu . Ii-Big festi zihlala zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga ngetyala, nto leyo ithetha ukuba bafumana inzala engaphantsi ebudlelwaneni babo.
2. Uqoqosho lweeNkcazo zesikali lwenzeka ngokukodwa kumashishini asekhompyutheni . Akufuneki ukuba akukho nto inokuxhasa umthengi ngamnye ongezelelweyo ngeziseko ezikhoyo. Ngoko, nayiphi na imali evela kumthengi omtsha yonke inzuzo yoshishino. Umzekelo omkhulu yi-eBay.

Uqoqosho lwangaphandle

Inkampani inezoqoqosho zangaphandle zezinga xa ifumana unyango olukhethekileyo ukusuka kurhulumente okanye ngaphandle kwemithombo yangaphandle nje ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Ngokomzekelo, amaninzi amazwe aya kunciphisa irhafu ukukhangela iinkampani ezinkulu kuba ziya kunika imisebenzi kubahlali bawo. Umninimzi omkhulu wezindlu angasoloko eqinisekisa isixeko ukuba sakhe iindlela kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Oku kusindisa umthuthukisi ekuhlawuleleni ezo ndleko. Iinkampani ezinkulu zinokuphinda zisebenzise uphando oluhlanganyeneyo kunye neeyunivesithi. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zabo zophando.

Ikhampani ezincinci asinayo inzuzo yokusebenzisa amathuba oqoqosho lwangaphandle. Kodwa, banokudibanisa kunye kunye nokusebenzisa ubuninzi bezoqoqosho-mali ngokulinganisa amabhizinisi afanayo kwindawo encinci.

Ngokomzekelo, izakhiwo zezobugcisa, iifriri neevenkile kwindawo yesithili sezobugcisa zincedwa ngokusondelana.

Iingxaki zeSikweni

Ngamanye amaxesha inkampani inokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukulandelelana koqoqosho kwinqanaba lokuba ubungakanani buba nzima. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-diseconomy of scale. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza izigqibo, okwenza inkampani ibe yinto eguquguqukayo. Ukungadibaniswanga kungahle kwenzeke, ingakumbi ukuba inkampani iya kuba ngamazwe. Ukufumana iinkampani ezintsha kunokubangela ukugqitywa kwamasiko eenkampani. Oku kuya kuthatha inkqubela phambili ukuba abafundi ukulawula ukuhlukahluka kweenkcubeko .

Indlela Uqoqosho lweSikolo lusebenza ngayo kuwe

Cinga ngoqoqosho lwezinga elifana nokukwazi ukuthenga ubuninzi xa unentsapho enkulu. Ibhokisi ngalinye leetyala libiza ngexabiso lokuhlamba ngenxa yokuba ungayithenga ngobuninzi. Umenzi uyasindisa ekupakeni nasekuhanjisweni, ngoko kudlulisela ukugcinwa kuwe.

Ubuninzi buncinci kuwe ngokuba wenza uhambo oluncinane kwivenkile.

Uqoqosho lwe-Scale vs Economics of Scope

Uqoqosho lobuninzi luba khona xa inkampani isebe kwimida emininzi yemveliso. Xa iinkampani ziwandisa ububanzi bazo, ziyazuza ngokudibanisa imisebenzi ehambelana nezoshishino, imigca yemveliso okanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, amaninzi amaphephandaba ahlukeneyo kwimigca yemveliso efanayo, njengamaphephancwadi kunye neendaba ze-intanethi, ukudibanisa imali yabo kwimali yokunciphisa i-newspapers. Bafezekisile ubuninzi bobuninzi ngokusebenzisa iiqela zabo zokuthengisa iintengiso, ababenokuthengisa iintengiso kuzo zonke iintambo zemveliso emithathu.

Kulula ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwezinga kunye noqoqosho lobuninzi, kuba bobabini bafumaneka kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Khawukhumbule nje ukuba uqoqosho lwezinga lusetyenziswa kumgca omnye wemveliso, ngelixa uqoqosho lobuninzi lubhekiselele ekuhlanganiseni ubuchule kwimigca yemveliso emininzi.