Izizathu ezintathu zokuba i-dollar yase-US inamandla kakhulu
I-Dollar Yimali Yomhlaba Wonke
Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amazwe aphuhlisiwe adala isicwangciso eBretton Woods, eNew Hampshire. Baye bafaka isantya sokutshintshiselwa kuzo zonke iimali zelizwe langaphandle
idola. Isivumelwano seBretton Woods sathembisa ukuba iUnited States yayiza kukhulula nayiphi na idoli ngenani layo kwigolide . Ngasekuqaleni kwee-1970, amazwe aqala ukufuna igolide ngeedola zabo ukukhawuleza ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Kunokuba bavumele abatyali-mali ukuba bachithe i-Fort Knox yazo zonke iindawo zokugcina zegolide, uMongameli uNixon wavula idoli kwigolide. Ngaloo xesha, idola yayisakuba yimali ephezulu yokugcina umhlaba. (Umthombo: "I-Dollar eqinile, i-Dollar engenamandla," i-Federal Reserve Bank yaseChicago, ngoJuni 1998.)
I-Dollar yiNqanaba elitsha leGolide
Ngokwenene, idola lifana nomgangatho wegolide . Uninzi lweenkontileka zehlabathi, ingakumbi ezo ioli, zibizwa ngeedola. Ubuninzi bezoqoqosho, njengeChina , iHong Kong, iMalaysia naseSingapore, bamba i-dollar yabo . Xa idola liyancipha, ngokunjalo inzuzo yabangaphandle. Lawa mazwe nawo aphethe ama-deposit amakhulu e-US Treasury . Kwiingcamango, babenokuthengisa iimpahla zabo kwaye babangele ukubola kwedola .
Kodwa oko akukona umdla wabo.
I-Dollar ihlala ibuyiselwe kwizinto eziphambi kwexesha
I dollar yenqabile ngee-1970, ekuqaleni kwe-80s ukusuka ngo-1991 ukuya ku-1993. Ngethuba lokuncipha, kwakukho nokubonelelwa kwe-dollar yokuwa. Amazwe amaninzi acinga ukukrazula iifenki zee curren kwi dollar.
Kodwa kwakungenayo indawo yangempela yedola njengemali yomhlaba wonke , ngoko ukuwa kwehlelwa okwenzekayo.
Kutheni iYurophu ingayi kukhawuleza ibeke iDollar njengeMali yeMhlaba
Ngo-2007, uSihlalo wangaphambili we- Federal Reserve u- Alan Greenspan uthe i-euro ingathatha indawo ye-dollar njengemali yehlabathi. Ekupheleni kowama-2006, iipesenti ezingama-25 zazo zonke iimali zeengxowa-mali zangaphandle ezibanjelwe kwiibhanki eziphambili zi- euro , xa kuthelekiswa nama-66 ekhulwini kwiidola. Ngaphezulu, iipesenti ezingama-39 zokuthengiswa kwemida-mali zenziwa nge-euro, xa kuthelekiswa nama-43 ekhulwini kwiidola. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, i-euro ithatha idoli. Amandla e-euro kukuba iYurophu Yomanyano ngoku ibe enye yezoqoqosho .
Nangona i-euro ifanelekile ukuba ithathe indawo yodola, kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Akuyi kubangela ukuba i dollar iwele ngenxa yokuba ayikho into enomdla. Ukuwa kwedola kuyakutshabalalisa lonke uqoqosho loqoqosho. Kwakhona, iUnited States ngumthengi ongcono kakhulu wehlabathi. Amazwe anokubangela ukuwa kwela dola afana nalawo afuna amaMelika ukuba ahlale ethenga iimveliso zawo. Ngenxa yoko, abanakho ukukhuthaza.
Esinye isizathu sokutshintshela i-euro, ukuba kwenzeka, kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yentlekele ye- euro .
Inyanzelekile ukuba i-EU iqaphele ukuba kufuneka ibe ngumanyano wezezimali kunye noorhulumente ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nomanyano wezimali. I-Chancellor yaseJamani u-Angela Merkel ufuna ukuba kwenzeke oku, kodwa amanye amalungu alumkile. Ukulawulwa kweJamani ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II yimemori yamuva. Inkqubela yeYurophu yeNyanzeliso kule nkonzo enkulu iya kugqiba amandla ezayo ye-euro xa kuthelekiswa nedola.
Kutheni i-US Dollar ihamba ngexabiso
Inkcazo yeli dola ilandelela ixabiso le dollar. Kwaphakama iipesenti ezingama-25 phakathi kuka-2014 no-2016. Kutheni? Okokuqala, ngoJuni 2014, i-European Central Bank yathetha ukuba iya kuqwalasela ukukhawuleza ukuphakamisa i-EU kwi-deflationary, slow-growth spiral. Abathengisi bezoshishino zangaphandle bathatha uxhalaba oku kuya kunciphisa ixabiso le-euro kwaye baqalisa ukuya kwiidola.
NgoJulayi 2014, i-Federal Reserve yamemezela ukuba iya kuphelisa inkqubo yayo yokunciphisa i-Oktobha. Oku kubonisa ukuzithemba kwebhanki enkulu kwizoqoqosho zase-US. Ngaphezulu, jonga iImviwo zeeFOMC .
Kamva ngoJulayi 2014, i-Bureau of Ucalulo loQoqosho ivakalise ukuba ukukhula kweemveliso zasekhaya zase-United States kwakuyi-4 ekhulwini kwikota yesibini (ngo-Apreli-Juni). Oku kwakusekelwe ekukhuleni kwebhodi. Kwakuyinguqu eyamkelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala kwekota ye-2.1%. Ngaphezulu, khangela i- Current GDP Statistics .
Ngo-Oktobha, i-Saudi Arabia yazisa ukuba ayiyi kuxhasa ixabiso leoli kwi $ 70 ngomgqomo ngokunciphisa ukunikezelwa. Yayibuyisela izikhundla zayo zangaphambili. Isizathu esibalulekileyo senziwa ngenxa yamandla edoli. Iikontraka zeoli zithengwa ngeedola. I- dollar enamandla yayithetha ukuba i-oil revenue income yaxabisa. Oko kwakha i-flight-to-safety ku-US Treasury kunye nedola. Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nendlela ezi zihambelana ngayo, jonga ixabiso le-dollar yase-US .