Iintlobo ezimbini zeeRhafu zokuThengiswa
IiFlexible Exchange Rates
Uninzi lwentengo yokutshintshiselwa lugqitywa yimarike yerhwebo lwangaphandle , okanye i-forex. Oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo wokutshintshiselana nezimo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ixabiso lokutshintshiselana liguquguquke ngokukhawuleza.
Izinga eziguquguqukayo zilandela okokuba abahwebi be-forex bacinga ukuba imali iyafaneleka. Ezi zigwebo zixhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Ezi zintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zerhafu yebhanki, inqanaba lamatyala elizwe kunye namandla oqoqosho lwayo.
I-United States ivumela i-market forex yayo ukuba ibone inani le- dollar yase - US . Idoli yase-US iqiniswe kwiinkcitho ezininzi kwixesha leengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Xa iimarike zentengiso zawa emhlabeni wonke, abahwebi badibeneyo kwikhuseleko elithile le dollar. Kodwa, kutheni idoli likhuselekile? Emva koko, ingxaki yaqala eUnited States. Nantsi enye into eyenza i dollar inamandla ngoku ngoku .
Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abatyalo-mali bathemba ukuba i-Treasury yase-United States iya kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemali yehlabathi jikelele .
Idoli ithathe loo nxaxheba xa ithatha indawo yegolide kwizinga le-1944 kwisivumelwano seBretton Woods . Nazi ezinye zezizathu ezingaphantsi kwegunya le-dollar yase-US .
IiRhafu zokuTshintshisa
Isilinganiso sokutshintshiselwa ngokuthe ngqo xa i-currency yelizwe ingatshintshi ngokwemarike yangaphambili. Izwe liqinisekisa ukuba ixabiso layo malunga nedola, okanye ezinye iirhafu ezibalulekileyo, zihlala zifana.
Ithenga kwaye ithengise imali eninzi yemali yayo, kunye nemali ethile, ukugcina loo xabiso elinqununu.
Ngokomzekelo, i- China igcina isilinganisi esicwangcisiweyo. Ikhupha imali yayo (i-yuan), kwixabiso elijoliswe kuyo malunga nedola. Ukususela ngoJuni 19, ngo-2017, idola enye yayifanele i-6.806 yaseYinan yaseTshayina . Ukususela ngoFebruwari 7, 2003, idoli yase-US iyanciphekile malunga ne yuan. Elinye idola lase-US linokutshintshana nge-8.28 yuan ngelo xesha. I dollar yase-US ibuthathaka ngenxa yokuba inokuthenga i-yuan embalwa namhlanje, kunokuba ibe ngowama-2003.
Kungenxa yokuba urhulumente wase-US uxinzelele urhulumente waseTshayina ukuba avumele ukuphakama kwe-yuan kwixabiso. Oku kuvumela ukuba amazwe ase-US athengiswe ngokuthe kratya kwixabiso laseChina. Kwakhona kwenza ukuba iiShayina zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwe-United States, zibiza kakhulu. Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nendlela oku kukuchaphazela ngayo, jonga i- US China Trade Deficit .
Ngo-Agasti 11, 2015, iChina yatshintsha umgaqo wayo ukuvumela i-yuan ukuba iguquguquke. I-China ifuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kwidola. Kwakhona ifuna ukuba i-yuan ibe yintengiso enkulu. Ngolwazi olungaphezulu, jonga i Yuan kwiDolalar Conversion .
Kutheni i-Euro ikhetheke kangaka
Uninzi lwentengo yokutshintshana lunikezelwa ngokwemali engakanani kwixabiso langaphandle. I- euro iyahluke. Inikwa ngokubhekiselele kwindleko yeyuro efanelekileyo kwiidola.
Akunakunikwa ngenye indlela ngeenxa zonke. Ngoko ke, nangona enye idola yase-US yayifanele i-0.89 yeeyure ngoJuni 26, ngo-2016, wawuza kuva ukuba enye i-euro yayifanele i $ 1.11. Ngaloo ndlela lifana neyibrithi yaseBrithani.
I-euro ibuthathaka kakhulu ukususela ngo-Apreli 22, 2008. Ngaloo nto i-euro yayisisigxina semali eyi-1.60. Kungenxa yokuba ikusasa leYurophu Yomanyano kunye ne-euro ngokwayo yayingathandabuzeki emva kokuba iUnited Kingdom ivotele ukushiya i-European Union. Ukongezelela, iBhanki Ephakathi YaseYurophu yayinciphise intsingiselo yayo. Oku kuncitshiswe amanani eebhanki kumntu oboleka okanye ogcina i-euro. Oko kwanciphisa ixabiso lemali ngokwayo.
I-ECB yamemezele ingqungquthela yokunciphisa okwemveliso ngoMatshi 2015. Leyo yenze ixabiso le-euro liyi-1.10. I-euro nayo iyancipha ngexesha loxanduva lwetyala leGrike .
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nembali yexabiso lokutshintshiselana phakathi kwedola kunye ne-euro, jonga i- Euro ukuya kwi-Dollar Conversion . (Umthombo: Ibhanki ye-Federal Reserve yeNew York)
Nangona kunjalo, i-euro iyodwa. Yesibili imali eyaziwayo emva kwedola. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-332 basebenzisa njengemali yabo kuphela. Ukuthandwa kwe-euro kuvela kwigunya leYurophu. Ngenye yezona zintathu zikhulu kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi . Nangona i-euro ayizange yamkelwe yilizwe lonke le-EU, akukho mnye umrhumo oza kufutshane nokuba yi- currency global .