I-China Yenza Imali Yayo?
I-yuan inendima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uqoqosho lweChina olukhuphisanayo. I-China ilandele i-yuan kwinqabileyo yeemali ezizaliswe kakhulu ngeDola yase - US .
Oko kuthetha ukuba kugcinwe ixabiso le-yuan kwi-2 yeepesenti yokuhweba ibhanki ejikeleze "ireyithi yokubhekisela" elandelelanisa ixabiso leli dola. Oku bekuyi-6.25 yuan kwidola. Ngamanye amagama, idola enye ingatshintshwa kwi-6.25 yaseYinan yaseTshayina.
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 11, 2015, iChina yatshintsha umgaqo wayo ukuvumela i-yuan enkulu ukunyaniseka kwemakethe. Kwamemezela ukuba i-yuan "rate rate" iya kulingana nohlobo lokuvala lwangokuhlwa lwangaphambili kwiimarike zerhwebo zangaphandle . Idola ukuya kwi-yuan ixabiso ngokukhawuleza yawa ngama-1,9 ekhulwini.
Ngomso u-yuan wehla ngakumbi, ukuya ku-6.3845. Ngelo xesha, i-China yangenelela ekulawuleni ukunyuka okukhawulezayo. Yigcina i yuan kumzekelo wokubamba we-6.389 yuan kwi dola. Ngomhla ka-Agasti 24, izinga liye lancipha kwi-6.4064 yuan nge-dollar.
I yuan yaqhubeka iwa ngo-2016. NgoJanuwari 11, bekuyi-6.58055. Abatyalomali bathatywe kwaye bathumela iDow phantsi kwamanqaku angaphezu kwe-1 kwiveki yokuqala yonyaka .
Urhulumente ukhokela umzantsi we-yuan kuwo wonke unyaka. Ngomhla ka-Oktobha 1, 2016, yafikelela kwiminyaka emithandathu engaphantsi kwe-6.7008. Yaqhubeka iwa, ifikelela kuma-6.9582 ngoDisemba 18, 2016.
Yomeleza ixesha elifutshane ngo-2017, lafikelela ku-6.8432 ngoJanuwari 18. Yawa kwakhona entwasahlobo, yaqina ukusuka ngo-6.89 ngoMeyi 24 ukuya ku-6.794 ngoJuni 11, 2017.
Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuba i-China yangenelela ukugcina ixabiso le-yuan. Yayiqinisekisa iimarike ukuba ayiyi kuvumela imali yayo iyancipha ngakumbi kwi dollar.
Kodwa i-yuan iyazuza ngokubuthathaka kweDola ye-US malunga ne-euro ngo-2017 . Kuthetha ukuba i-yuan ibuthathaka ngokuthelekiswa namanye amaqabane aseShayina okuhweba e-Asia kunye nabathengi bayo eYurophu. Oko kwenza amazwe aseTshayina athengise ngokugqithiseleyo abathandana nabo basekhaya.
IChina iLawula njani ixabiso le Yuan
Ngokuqinisekileyo iChina igcina njani ixabiso le-yuan? Ibhanki Yabantu baseChina yibhanki yelizwe eliphambili . Ithembisa ukukhupha iidola ze yuan kwizinga lokutshintshiselwa kwamanje. Ukwenza njalo, kufuneka ugcine ukubonelelwa kweedola ngokufanelekileyo kwi- reserve exchange exchange .
Esikhundleni sokubamba iibhola zedola, ligcina i- US Treasurys , enokuthengiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiidola. Njengoko uqoqosho lwe-China lukhula, kufuneka luzithenge ngakumbi i-US Treasury ukuze lihlangabezane nenani elikhulayo le-yuan ehlawulelwayo ngabathengisi balo. Ngenxa yoko, iChina yenye yezona zizwe zizwe zikhulu zaphesheya be-US Treasury .
Ngokomzekelo, iBhanki yaBantu iphendulele ngo-2015. Ukumisa i-yuan ukuba ingabi phantsi, kuthengwa ubuninzi be yuan. Oku kugqiba ukunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwemali.
Umgaqo- nkqubo wezemali ochaseneyo wanciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngokunyusa izinga lentengo. Ukuxhathisa oku, i-Bhanki yenza uhlobo lwayo lokunciphisa ukulinganisa . Yongeza i-150 yezigidigidi ze yuan, elilingana ne-$ 23.44 yezigidigidi, kwiibhanki zamabhanki.
I-China ayikho Inetyala ngokuLawulwa kweMali kunamanye amazwe
Kutheni iChina ishintshe umgaqo wayo? NgoNovemba 30, 2015, i- International Monetary Fund yongeze i-yuan kwiimali zengxowa-mali ezisemthethweni zangaphandle. Olu luhlu luquka i-dollar yase-US, i- euro , i-yen, kunye ne-bhili yaseBrithani. Yinyathelo lokuqala lokuba i- yuan ithathe isikhundla se dollar njengemali yehlabathi .
Ngo-2013, i-China yavumela abatyalomali baseBrithani ukuba batyale imali engama-13.1 billion okanye i-80 billion yuan kwiimarike zayo ezinkulu. Le ntshukumo eyenziwa yiLondon yindawo yokuqala yokuthengisa ye Yuan ngaphandle kwe-Asia.
I-China nayo yavumela ukuthengiswa kwephambili kwiShanghai. Ezi nyathelo zithetha ukuba i-yuan yaba yintsimbi yeshumi elinesibini, isisibhozo esasetyenziselwa ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, kunye neyesisixhenxe phakathi kwee currenti kwii-asethi ezisemthethweni zeempahla zokugcina.
Ukuvumela ukuba i-yuan ifike, i-China kufuneka ivumele bonke abahlali bayo ukuba babambe imali yangaphandle kunye nokuthenga ii-asethi zangaphandle. Oku kuya kuvumela urhulumente waseTshayina ukuba abambe iidola ezimbalwa. Kwakhona kuya kunciphisa ukungalingani kwezohwebo ne-United States.
Ngomhla kaFebruwari 2015, i-China yayibanjwe phantse i-$ 1.2 trillion e- US . I-China idla ngokubiza i-currency entsha yehlabathi, kuquka i-yuan, ukuba ithathe indawo yodola. Iyakhathazeka xa iUnited States isongela ukungagqibekanga kwi-ityala layo njengoko yenzayo ngo-2011 nangama-2013. I-China nayo ixhalaba xa ixabiso leli dola liyancipha . Ixhapha i-sabers yayo njengale naliphi na xa ibona i-dollar yayo ilahlekelwa yixabiso.
Phakathi ko-2011 no-2014, iChina yavumela i-yuan ukuba iphakamise idoli. Yayiphendula kwimimango yase-US yemfazwe yemali . Kwakhona kwafuna ukugcina uqoqosho lwayo ekugqithiseni kunye nokudala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ngenxa yoko, ngoJanuwari 26, 2014, idoli ukuya kwi-yuan izinga lafikelela kwiminyaka eyi-18 ephakamileyo ye-6.0487 yuan. Ukususela ngoko, i-People's Bank yaseTshayina ivumele i-yuan ukuba iyancipha kwakhona ukuze kukhuliswe amazwe angaphandle. Oku kuya kuqinisa ukukhula koqoqosho kweChina . Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezoqoqosho, izinga lokukhula laliye lincinci.
I-China yiyoqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi. Ngo-2017, ivelise i-$ 23.1 trillion kwimveliso emveliso yasekhaya . Oku kungaphezulu kweYurophu Yomanyano okanye iUnited States. Umgangatho wayo wokuphila, njengoko ulinganiselwe yi- GDP nganye , i-$ 16,600 kuphela. Oku kubi ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe amancinci, njenge-Iraq okanye iBotswana. Iinkokeli zaseTshayina zifuna ukuchuma ukunyuka ukuze abantu bahlali. Kufuneka kwakhona ukwakha amandla ayo emakethe asekhaya ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwii-export to United States.
Ukuba i-China inetyala lokuphathwa kwemali, ngoko ke kunjalo namanye amazwe amaninzi. I-United States yayigcina i dollar ephantsi ngokugcina ixabiso lentengo kwi-zero kunye nokuqokelela ityala elikhulu kwihlabathi. Oku kwaguqulwa ngo-2014 xa idola lifake ibhola lexabiso . IJapan igcina imali yayo iphantsi ngokwenza into efanayo neChina kunye nokuthenga idola ngohlobo lwe-US Treasury. Nangona i-EU iqalile ukuhlawula i-euro ngokuthatha indlela yayo yokunciphisa ukulinganisela . Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iintlanga ezithumelayo zifumana inzuzo kwimali ebuthathaka.
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Yuan waseChina uncedisa i-Dollar Force
Okwangoku, idola isetyenziswe njengemali ekhethiweyo kwizivumelwano ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe. Zonke iikontraki zeoli kufuneka zenziwe kwiidola. Oku kuye kwenzeka kwimeko yokuba i- Nixon Administration ithathe idoli kwi- standard standard yegolide ngowe-1973.
Idoli eyimali yehlabathi yehlabathi iyisinye sezizathu zokuba ityala le- US likhule kakhulu . Igcina idola lifunwa , ngaloo ndlela igcina i-US Treasury interest rates. Umnqweno waseChina wokugcina i-yuan ephantsi yenza ukuba uthenge i-US Treasurys. Oku ke kugcina izivuno eziphantsi, ezinceda imarike yasekhaya yaseMelika ngokugcina ixabiso lokuhlala phantsi eliphantsi. Inqaku leNondyebo kunye nobudlelwane benzala yomhlala-mboleko lithe ngqo. Izivuno eziphantsi kwiimali zeNondyebo ziguqulela kwizinga elincinci lentengo kwimali-mboleko kunye.
Kwiingqungquthela, iChina ingasongela ukuthengisa ii-Treasury zayo zaseMelika kunye nokubeka ixabiso le-dollar yase-United States . Akukho nto efanelekileyo eChina ukwenza njalo nangona kunjalo. Ngokusongela ukuthengisa i-US Treasurys, iChina yayiza kudla ngokukhawuleza i-holdings yayo. Nangona kunjalo, akubanga bubulumko kwiUnited States ukuvumela ukuba ihlawulwe kakhulu nakweliphi na ilizwe.