Indlela iYuan yayinokuguqulwa ngayo ukusuka kwi-Reserve ukuya kwiMali yeMali

Ingaba iYuan iya kutshintsha iDola njengeMali yeMhlaba wonke?

I-China ifuna imali yayo, i- yuan , ukuba ithathe isikhundla sedoli yase - US njengemali yehlabathi jikelele . Oku kuya kunika ulawulo oluphezulu phezu koqoqosho lwayo.

Njengoko uqoqosho lwe-China lukhula, luthatha amanyathelo okwenza oko kwenzeke. Uninzi lwesininzi lwabatyalomali beziko lubona njengenakupheka, kodwa ungatsho nini. Ngaba sinokubona umtshini ovela kwi-greenback- ukuya kwi-redback-ephaseneyo? Ukuba kunjalo, kwenzeka ntoni na nini?

Yintoni eya kuba yimiphumo?

Ngaphambi kokuba i-yuan ingaba yimali yehlabathi, kufuneka kuqala iphumelele njengemali yokugcina. Oku kwakuza kwenza iChina ngezibonelelo ezilandelayo ezintlanu.

1. I yuan iya kusetyenziswa ukuxabisa izivumelwano ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe. I-China ithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwixabiso leedola zase-US. Ukuba bebexabisekile kwi yuan, iChina yayingayi kuba nexhala kakhulu malunga nexabiso leli dola.
2. Zonke iibhanki eziphambili ziza kubamba i-yuan njengenxalenye yazo yokugcina imali . I yuan iya kuba yindleko ephezulu. Oku kuya kunciphisa intlawulo yemingalo yezibophelelo ezibhalwe kwi-yuan.
3. Abathengisi baseTshayina babe neendleko eziphantsi zokuboleka.
4. I-China iya kuba neyona nkxaso yezoqoqosho ngokumalunga ne-United States.
5. Kuya kuxhasa ukulungiswa koqoqosho lukaMongameli uJinping. (Umthombo: "Kutheni iChina ifuna i Yuan ibe yiMali yeMali," iBloomberg, ngoMatshi 23, 2015.)

Indlela iYuan enokuba ngayo imali

NgoNovemba 30, 2015, i- International Monetary Fund yanikezela isimo se yuan njengemali yokugcina.

I-IMF yongeze i-yuan kwiCikethi yokuLungisa amalungelo akhethekileyo ngo-Oktobha 1, 2016. Le bhasikiti ngoku iquka i- euro , iJapan yaseJapan, i-pound yaseBrithani kunye ne-dollar yase-US.

Kutheni i-IMF yenza le sigqibo? Iinkokeli zaseChina zifuna ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila ukuphepha enye inguquko. Ibhanki ye-PBOCPeople yaseTshayina igcine i-yuan kwisilinganiso esitshintshisayo sokutshintshwa kwidola.

Oko kwavumela ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kwe-China ukunyuka kubonga kwiindleko eziphantsi kweendleko kwi-United States. Ngenxa yoko, isabelo seChina sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemveliso emveliso yasemakhaya yakhula ibe malunga neepesenti ezili-10.

Njengoko urhwebo lwakhula, kwanjalo ukuthanda kuka yuan. Ngo-Agasti 2015, yaba yowesine imali esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Yavuka ukusuka kwi-13 kwindawo kwiminyaka emithathu nje. Yadlula iJapan yaseJapan, i-Canadian loonie kunye ne-dollar yase-Australia. (Umthombo: "I-Yuan ithatha iYen njengeyona yeNinzi yeNtlawulo eSebenzisiweyo Imali," iBloomberg, ngo-Oktobha 6, 2015.)

Iibhanki eziphambili kufuneka zandise i-yuan yokugcina imali yangezwe langaphandle ukubonelela ngemali yelo nqanaba loshishino. Oko kuthetha ukuba iibhanki eziphambili zimele zithengele i-yuan eyi-$ 700 yezigidi. Kodwa iibhanki azizange zithenge zonke ii- euro ekufuneka zibe nazo, nangona xa i- European Union yayinomnotho omkhulu kwihlabathi . Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweentengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe lusenziwa kwiidola zase-US, nangona urhwebo lwayo luye lwahla.

I-IMF idinga iChina ukukhulula iimarike zayo ezinkulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kuvumela i-yuan ukuba ithengiswe ngokukhululekile kwiimarike zerhwebo lwangaphandle . Okuvumela iibhanki eziphambili ukuba zibambe njengemali yokugcina. Ukuze oko kwenzeke, ibhanki ephambili yeChina kufuneka ikhulule i- pean yuan kwidola .

I-China kufuneka ibe nezonxibelelwano ezicacileyo malunga nezenzo zayo zexesha elizayo malunga ne-yuan. Yiloo nto i- Federal Reserve eyenza nganye kwiintlanganiso zeeKomiti zeNkundla ze-Open Open Market .

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 14, 2015, i-PBOC ikhululile i yuan kwizinga lokuguqulwa kweedola . Esikhundleni sezinga lokutshintshiselwa ngokuchanekileyo, liza kubeka ixabiso le-yuan kwixabiso layo lokuvala ngomhla owedlule. Esikhundleni sokunyuka, kuninzi kulindeleke, i-yuan yaba ngama-3 ekhulwini kwiintsuku ezimbini ezizayo.

I-PBOC yazinzisa izinga. Ngoku inenkululeko yokuvumela i-yuan ibe yinto enamandla kwimigaqo-mali. Ukuwa kwehlisa ukugxeka abahlaziyi beenguqulelo baseChina, abaninzi babo babengamalungu eSouth Congress . Baye balumkisa ixabiso le-yuan laliza kuphakama malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuya kutshabalalisa inzuzo yeChina njengentengiso. (Umthombo: "Isinyathelo esifutshane kwixesha elide laseChina," iThe New York Times, ngo-Agasti 23, 2015)

NgoNovemba 30, ngo-2015, i-PBOC yazisa ngolwazi ngokusemthethweni iya kuvumela i-yuan ukuba ihlahle iphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini ngo-2016. Ngomhla ka-Disemba 11, 2015, iBhanki yamemezela ukuba iya kuqalisa ukutshintsha idoli ye-dollar kwibhakethi yee-currencies. Le bhasikidi ibandakanya idola, i-euro, i-yen kunye nezinye iirhafu zemali. (Umthombo: "Isalathisi esitsha ngokuFaka iPheg ye Yuan kwiDola," I-Wall Street Journal, ngoDisemba 12, 2015. "Isimo esitsha sikaYuan kwi-Beijing," i-Wall Street Journal, ngoNovemba 30, 2015.)

I Yuan Iyanciniswa Ukuthengiswa Kwimakethi Yangaphandle

Iinkokheli zaseShayina ziqala ukwenza kube lula ukuthengisa i yuan kwiimarike zerhwebo lwangaphandle. Ukwenza oku kubeka ingozi kwiinkqubo zemali kunye nezopolitiko ezivulekileyo. Ngo-Matshi 23, 2015, iChina yayisixhasa iRenbibi Trading Hub kwiMerika. (I-renminbi enye igama le yuan.) Oku kwenza kube lula kwiinkampani zaseMntla-Amerika ukuba zenze ukuthengiswa kwe-yuan kwiibhanki zaseCanada. I-China yavula ii-hubs zokuthengisa ezifanayo eSingapore naseLondon. (Umthombo: "ICanada ifuna ukuqhubela phambili iziThuthi eChina," iWall Street Journal, ngoMatshi 23, 2015.)

Umongameli waseMexico waseMexico uMichael Bloomberg unguSihlalo weqela lokuSebenza kwi-RMB Trading kunye neCandelo lokuCoca. Kudala isikhungo sokurhweba kwi-United States. Eli qela liquka ababhali beeNobhala beeNondyebo base-US uHank Paulson noTim Geithner. Eli liziko liza kunciphisa iindleko kwiinkampani zase-US zorhwebo neChina. Kwakhona kuya kuvumela iinkampani zezimali ze-US ukuba zinike ii-hedges kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwi-yuan. (Umthombo: "Iqela likhuthaza ukuthengiswa kweChina Imali e-US" I-Wall Street Journal, ngoNovemba 20, 2015.)

Ngomhla ka-Juni 9, 2016, i-China yanikezela iUnited States inani eliyi-250 yezigidigidi zama-yuan (i-$ 38 billion) phantsi kweprogram ye-China ye-Renminbi eQinisekisiweyo yeziTyalo-mali zangaphandle. Yayimisela enye ibhanki kunye ne-US yasebhanki ukuba iqhube iRMB yokucima ishishini eMelika. (Umthombo: "Iqela lokuSebenza likhupha i-Roadmap ekukhuthazeni i-RMB Trading, Clearing," Ecns.cn, Juni 9, 2016.)

Ngaba iYuan ingayifaka iDola njengemali ye-World Reserve?

Umgangatho wezorhwebo akusiyo kuphela isizathu sokuba uU. idola liyimali yokugcina umhlaba. Amandla omnotho wase-US enza ukuba kuthembeke. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukungabonakali kweemarike zezimali zase-US kunye nokuzinza komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali .

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uStuart Oakley, umlawuli olawulayo uNomura, ukhankanywe kwinqaku lika-2013 ukuba iChina inayo i-$ 5 trillion yeendawo ezingabonakaliyo zebhanki eziphambili kwaye ezi ziza kuba yi-yuan. Njengoko imigqa eguquguqukayo yamanyathelo asetyenziswayo kunye ne-China iqhubekela phambili ngaphantsi komendo wayo wokukhululeka kweemarike, inkunzi yebhanki yokufuna ukufumana le mali iya kukhula.

Ngaba isifiso seChina sokwenza i-yuan imali yehlabathi ibangele ukubola kwedola? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Esikhundleni salo, kuya kuba yinkqubo ende, epholileyo eyenza i dollar yehla, kungekhona ukuwa .