Iimpawu zeMfihlelo emva kweDola
Idayithi yase-US dollar ibhekisela kwihlelo elithile kunye nemali yase-US ngokubanzi. Kwakuqala ukuthengiswa njengemali eyayixabisa ubunzima bayo kwisiliva okanye ngegolide. Emva koko kwachitshaniswa njengephepha lephepha elikhutshwe kwigolide.
Ngama-1970, i- standard standard yegolide yachithwa kwaye ixabiso leli dola livumelekile ukuba lifakwe. Namhlanje, nangona ixabiso layo liguqukayo, lifuna ngamandla.
Nangona idoli isayimelwa yimali, inani layo lokwenene limelelwa ngetyala. Ngoku ngakumbi kunanini ngaphambili, iDola lee-US liyilo loqobo lokholo kwi- economic economy yase-US .
Iimpawu zeDola laseMelika
I-dollar isimboli ngokwayo itholakala kwi-P ne-S ye-pesos pesos, i-piastres yaseSpeyin okanye iziqendu ezisibhozo. Le ngqungquthela isekelwe ekuhlolisweni kwemibhalo yesandla endala. Zibonisa ukuba uphawu lwama-dollar lwalusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokuba iUnited States iqalise ukusebenzisa idola ngo-1785. (Umthombo: "I-Bureau of Engraving and Printing," Amanqaku emali .)
Kuye kubekho impikiswano enkulu ejikeleze iimpawu ezigqithiseleyo kwiDola yaseMelika. Enyanisweni, ootata bethu basebenzisa iimpawu ukuze badlulisele imiyalezo eqinileyo. Baye bafumana ukugqithisa kwiminyaka.
I-bill dollar ibonisa iSihlangu esikhulu se-United States, equlethe:
- Inkozi yaseMerika indiza ikhululekile, ibambe iintolo ezi-13 zemfazwe kwi-talon yayo engasecala kunye ne-olivour branch for peace in its right right talon.
- Ibhanki emlonyeni wayo ifundeka ngokuthi "E E-Pluribus Unum" esithetha ukuba "Kwabaninzi, Enye."
- Ibhola lebhola eliluhlaza elimhlophe limela iBhunga elidibanisa ama-colonies angama-13. Ezi zimelelwe yimivalo ebomvu nemhlophe emhlophe.
- Iinkwenkwezi ezilishumi elinesithathu ngaphezu kwokhozi zimela uhlanga olutsha okanye iqela eluntwini.
- I-Red ibonisa ubugorha, imhlophe imhlophe yobungcwalisayo kunye nobuluhlaza bumela ubulungisa.
Ngaphesheya kweSidambiso EsiMkhulu simele iipiramidi ezingapheliyo zemiqolo engama-13, ebonakalisa amandla kunye nobude. Umqolo wokuqala ufunda "1776" kumaxabiso aseRoma. Ibhanki engezansi ifunda "Novus Ordo Seclorum" elithetha "I-Order entsha ye-Ages." Oku kubhekisela kwindlela entsha ka rhu lumente okanye "ekuqaleni kweEra yaseMelika entsha." Iliso lonke elibonayo likaThixo liphelelwe ligama elithi "Annuit Coeptis." Oku kuthetha ukuba "Ukubonelela Kuye Kwayifumana IziThuthi Zethu." (Umthombo: "I-Bank Reserve Bank yaseFiladelphia," Iimpawu kwiMelika yeMali .)
IDolalar Denominations
Kukho iicawa ezili-18 kwiimali ze-US kunye neendleko.
ZeMali zaseMelika . Kukho ama-dollar ayisithupha eveliswa ngeemali.
- Penny - Ixabiso layo liyingxenye eyodwa. Kuphela iindleko ze-0.81 cents ukuvelisa. I-Mint yase-US yenza inzuzo rhoqo xa ithengisa yona. Ingeniso yayingama-24 yezigidi ezingama-24 ngonyaka ka-2000 kwaye iya kwi-budget ye-Mint.
- I-Nickel - Ngo-1793, ubungakanani beemali zalingana ne-US dollar yesilivere. Kodwa oku kwenza ukuba imali encinci yekhulu-ncinane ibe yincinci. Ngomnyaka we-1866, i-Mint yenza into enkulu ngokufaka isilivere nge-nickel.
- I-Dime - Ixabisa ama-10 entente.
- Ikota - Kufuneka ama-25 entente.
- Ihafu yedola - Kuyafaneleka ama-50 cents.
- I-Dollar - Ixabisa iikente eziyi-100.
I-United States ayisaphinda ivelise imali yesigidi se-cent, imali yesenti ye-cent, imali yesentimenti yesithathu, imali yesigidi se-half-timer okanye imali engamashumi amabini anesibini. (Umthombo: "Isebe leSebe le-Nondyebo yase-United States".
Iingxowa zeeDola zaseMelika . Kukho amaziko angama-12 kwiibhili. Ezi sixhenxe ziyakushicilelwa: i-$ 1, i-$ 2, i-$ 5, i-$ 10, i-$ 20, i-$ 50 kunye ne-100. Kukho amahlanu amakhulu amakhulu angasashicilelwa. Kodwa ezi zisasazeka phakathi kwabaqokeleli kwaye zisabonwa njengeethenda zomthetho: i-$ 500, i-$ 1,000, i-$ 5,000, i-$ 10,000 kunye ne-100,000 yee-$. (Umthombo: "Uvimba-mali wase-US," iiDominon.)
Imali yaseMelika
I-Federal Reserve, njengebhanki enkulu yelizwe, inoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba imali ekhoyo ihamba.
Ithumela i-Ofisi yeSebe leNkcitho yeSebe le-United States ye-Printing and Engraving ukuprinta iindleko. Ikwagunyaza kwakhona iSebe layo leMint ukuba lilahle imali. Emva kokuveliswa, imali ihanjiswa kwiibhanki zase-Federal Reserve apho amalungu angatshintshiselana ngetyala ngemali njengoko kufuneka.
UNobhala weSebe lezeMali uceba i-US currency. Akukho mfanekiso womntu onokuphila onokuvela. Ngokona nxalenye, ngabaPresidente baseMelika abadlulileyo bavela. Oku ngaphandle:
- U-Alexander Hamilton, uNobhala wokuqala weNondyebo, kwi-bill ye-$ 10.
- UBenjamin Franklin kwi-bill ye-$ 100.
- Salmon P. Chase, uNobhala WezeMali ngexesha leMfazwe yoLuntu, kwi-bill ye-$ 10,000. Eli bhili-mthetho alisayi kuphrinta.
Ukuguqulwa kweeDali yokuTshintsho kweDola
Xa uhamba ngaphesheya kwezilwandle okanye uqhuba nayiphi na ishishini loshishino jikelele, ufuna ukwazi ukuba iirhafu zakho ziya kuthenga ntoni. Ukuze ufumanise, kufuneka uguqule iidola zakho kwimali yendawo usebenzisa ixabiso lokutshintshiselana . Abahwebi kwimarike yerhwebo lwangaphandle bathabatha inani lexabiso leli dola eliqhathaniswa nezinye iirhafu zonke iimzuzu. Inqunywe yimiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nenzala yemali ehlawulwe kwi-dollar, ngokukhawuleza uqoqosho lukhula kunye nokuba lukhulu kangakanani ububanzi belizwe- matyala kwi-GDP . Nantsi enye ngeyure kwizinga lokushintshaniswa kweedola .
Ixabiso leDola
Ukongeza kwizinga lokutshintshiselana, ixabiso leli dola lilinganiswa ngamanqaku e- US Treasury kunye nemali yeedola ezigcinwe kwiindawo ezigcinwe nguorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle. Amazwe athumela ngakumbi eMelika kunokuba afake ukungenisa angabamba ngaphezulu kweerandi. Kulungile nabo. Bafuna ukukrazula ukuthengiswa kweedola ngokweqile kwaye kugcine ixabiso lomelele. Oko kwenza uxabiso lwabo lwemali lube buthathaka xa kuthelekiswa, ukuvumela iimpahla zabo zibonakala zibiza. Ukongeza kokubamba iidola, nazo zithenga amanqaku e-Treasury. Inomphumo ofanayo wokwenza idola liqine. Ngaphezulu, bona ixabiso le-dollar yase-US .
I-World Reserve Reserve
Ingxenye yesizathu samandla edoli yendima yayo njengemali yokugcina umhlaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaninzi abantu baya kwamkela idola ukuze bahlawule nakwindawo yabo yemali. Phantse ama-50 ekhulwini kuwo wonke urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwenziwe ngeedola. Iinqontrakthi ezininzi zeoli kufuneka zihlawulwe ngeedola. Idoli yenze njani le ngxwaba? Ndiyabonga Isivumelwano seBretton Woods . Ngomnyaka we-1944, abaphumeleleyo beMfazwe Yehlabathi II bavuma ukuba baya kubamba imali yabo kwidola eliza kuxhaswa ngumlinganiselo owenziwe wegolide. Le nkqubo yawahlukana ngo-1973 xa i-United States ivumela ukuba ixabiso leedola lifike.