Izindlela ezithandathu zokudala ngokusemthethweni iMali ngaphandle koMoya wakho
Iinjongo zeNkqubo yeMali
Injongo ephambili yeebhanki eziphambili kukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Okwesibini kukunciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi , kodwa kuphela emva kokulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
I-US Federal Reserve , njengamanye amabhanki amakhulu, ineempawu ezijoliswe kuzo ezi njongo. Ifuna izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi elingaphantsi kwama-6.5 ekhulwini. I-Fed ithi izinga lokusweleka kwemisebenzi liphakathi kwe-4.7 ekhulwini kunye ne-5.8 ekhulwini. Ifuna ukuba izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso libe liphakathi kwama-2.0 ekhulwini kunye ne-2.5 ekhulwini. Ifuna ukukhula kwezoqoqosho . Yiyo ipesenti ye-2-3 yonyaka kunyuka kwipropathi yomhlaba .
Iintlobo zeNkqubo yeMali
Iibhanki eziphambili zisebenzisa umgaqo-mali wokuphambana nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Zinezixhobo ezininzi zokwenza oku. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziphakamisa izinga lentengo kunye nokuthengisa amasheya ngokusebenza kwemarike evulekileyo .
Basebenzisa umgaqo-mali wokuncedisa imali ukunciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kunye nokukhusela ukunyuka kwemali . Bahlawula ixabiso lentengo, bathenge amasheya kwiibhanki zamalungu kwaye basebenzise ezinye izixhobo zokunyusa iimpahla.
Umgaqo-mali weMali kunye neMgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali
Ngokufanelekileyo, umgaqo-mali wezemali kufuneka usebenze ngesandla-ngeglove kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente wezemali .
Akunqabile ukusebenza ngale ndlela. Kungenxa yokuba iinkokheli zorhulumente zikhethwa kwakhona ngokunciphisa irhafu okanye ukwandisa imali. Oku kuthetha ukuvuza abavoti kunye negalelo labaxhasi, ukubeka ngokucacileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali uqhele ukwanda . Ukuze ugweme ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kule meko, umgaqo-mali wezemali kufuneka ube ngumqobo.
Okumangalisa kukuba, ngexesha loKhuseleko oluPhezulu , izapolitiko zaxhalabisa ngeTyala le- US . Kungenxa yokuba lidlula inani lokutsalwa kwetyala-kuya-GDP lama-100 ekhulwini. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali waba yintsebenziswano xa kwakudingeka ukwanda. Ukuhlawulela, i-Fed inikwe imali emininzi yemali kwizoqoqosho ngokunciphisa ukulula .
Izixhobo ezithandathu zeNkqubo yeMali
Zonke iibhanki eziphambili zinezixhobo ezintathu zomgaqo-nkqubo weemali ezifanayo. Ininzi ininzi ngaphezulu. Bonke basebenzisana ndawonye ngoqoqosho, ngokulawula iindawo zeebhanki.
I-Fed inamatshini ayisithandathu amakhulu. Okokuqala, ubeka umyalelo wokugcina indawo , oxelela ibhanki ukuba yimalini yabo kufuneka babe nayo kubusuku bonke. Ukuba kwakungekho kwiimfuneko zokugcinwa kwemali, ibhanki iya kuboleka ipesenti 100 yemali oyifakile. Akuyena wonke umntu ofuna yonke imali yakhe imihla ngemihla, ngoko kuphephile ukuba iibhanki ziboleke kakhulu.
I-Fed idinga ukuba iibhanki zigcine iipesenti ezili-10 zeepositi kwindawo yokugcina. Ngale ndlela, banayo imali eyaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi zokuhlengwa. Xa iFed ifuna ukukhawulela umbane, iphakamisa imfuno yokugcina indawo. I-Fed kuphela yenza oku njengento yokugqibela ngenxa yokuba kufuna ezininzi zephepha.
Kulula kakhulu ukulawula izibonelelo zeebhanki usebenzisa isantya semali esondliwe .
Le yintlawulo yerhafu ukuba iibhanki zihlawulana ukuze zigcine imali engaphezu kwemali ngobusuku bonke. Iinjongo zeli nqanaba libekwe kwiintlanganiso zeeKomiti zeeNqununu ze-Federal Open Market . Isamba semali se-Fed sichaphazela zonke iirhafu zentlalo , kubandakanywa amaxabiso omboleko kwibhanki kunye nemilinganiselo yokuboleka imali.
Isixhobo sesithathu se-Fed sisilinganiselo sokunciphisa . Yileyo ndlela ihlawula iibhanki ukuboleka iimali kwi sixhobo se-Fed sesine, iwindi yokuphuhlisa . I- FOMC ivame ukubeka isantya sokunciphisa isicatshulwa esiphakamileyo kunesilinganiso semali ye-Fed. Kungenxa yokuba i-Fed ikhetha ibhanki ukuba ibolekele komnye.
Okwesibini, i-Fed isebenzisa imisebenzi evulekileyo yemarike yokuthenga nokuthengisa i- Treasurys kunye nezinye izibambiso kwiibhanki zamalungu. Oku kutshintsha inani eligcinwe kuyo iibhanki zikhona ngaphandle kokuguqula imfuneko yokugcina.
Eyesithandathu, iibhanki ezininzi eziquka i-Fed zisebenzisa ukujoliswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Ibeka ngokucacileyo ulindele ukuba bafuna ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kungenxa yokuba abantu banokungathengwa ukuba bayazi ukuba amanani ayanda.
Ukongezelela, i- Federal Reserve yadala izixhobo ezininzi ezitsha zokujongana neNkulumbuso enkulu . Ezi ziquka iSibonelelo soNcedo lwePhepha loThengiso kunye neNkcazo yokuThengwa kweeNkcitho .