I-Fed inganciphisa oku kukhula ngokuqinisa intlawulo yesibonelelo semali , yintoni inani elipheleleyo lekhredithi evunyelwe kwiimarike.
Izenzo ze-Fed ziyanciphisa ukuthengwa kwemali kwinkqubo yezemali, okwenze kube kubi kakhulu ukufumana iimboleko. Ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nemfuno, ebeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwixabiso.
Izixhobo kwi-Federal Reserve isebenzisa ukuLawula imveliso
I-Fed iye inezixhobo eziliqela ezisebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo wezimali. Oku kuphela oku kuyenzela ukuba uyayikrokra ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphuma esandleni. Umgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela usebenza kwimarike evulekileyo . I-Fed iyathenga okanye ithengisa iziqinisekiso, ngokuqhelekileyo amanqaku eNondyebo, kumabhanki alo amalungu. Ithenga iziqinisekiso xa ifuna ukuba ibe nemali eninzi yokuboleka. Ithengisa ezi ziqinisekiso, apho ibhanki iyanyanzelekile ukuba zithenge. Oku kunciphisa i-capital yabo, kubanika abangaphantsi ukuboleka. Ngenxa yoko, banokuhlawula irhafu yemali ephezulu. Ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokunyusa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Okwesibini, iFed iyakwazi ukuphakamisa umyalelo wokugcina . Yile mali ibhanki kufuneka ihlale kwindawo yokugcina ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye.
Ukwandisa oku kulondolozwa kugcina imali ngaphandle kokuhambisa.
Okwesithathu, i-Fed ingakhulisa izinga lokunciphisa . Leyo yenzalo yemali iFed iindleko zokuvumela iibhanki ziboleke imali kwiwindow yeSaphulelo seFed.
I-Fed ayifuni ukuguqula ezi zixhobo ezimbini. Kunoko, kudla ngokutshintsha ixabiso lemali elondliwe . Inkokhelo yentlawulo yebhanki yemali yeebhanki kwimali-mboleko abayenzayo omnye komnye ukugcina imfuno ye-Reserve.
Kulula kakhulu kwiFed ukuguqula. Unempembelelo efana nokutshintsha imfuno ye-Reserve kunye nezinga lokunciphisa.
Lowo owayenguSihlalo uBen Bernanke uthe iThuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Fed lilawula ukulindela uluntu. Xa abantu bekulindele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, badala isiprofeto esizizalisayo. Baceba amanani ezayo ukwandiswa ngokuthenga ngaphezulu ngoku, ngoko ke ukuqhuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngaphezulu. UBernanke uthe impazamo yeFed eyenziwe ekulawuleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiminyaka ye-1970 yayiyi-stop-go policy policy. Kwaphakamisa amanani okulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ke wehlisa ukuba aphephe ukunciphisa. Ukungazitholiyo kwaqinisekisa ukuba amashishini ahlale ephakamileyo amaxabiso.
Usihlalo weFed uPaul Volcker wakhulisa amaxabiso ukuphelisa ukungazinzi. Wawagcina apho nangona u-1981 ukuhlaselwa kwemali. Oko ekugqibeleni kwakulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngenxa yokuba abantu bazi ukuba amaxabiso ayeke ukunyuka.
USihlalo olandelayo, u- Alan Greenspan , walandela umzekelo kaVolcker. Ngethuba lokunciphisa i-2001 , i-Fed inciphise amaxabiso omdla ekupheleni komnotho. Ngomnyaka ka-2004, ihamba kancane kodwa iphakame ngamabomu ukukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. UGreenspan utshele abatyalomali ngokuchanekileyo oko wayeceba ukukwenza, ngaloo ndlela ukuphepha omnye umnotho. Waqinisekisa abatyali-mali bemarike, abaye batyala imali kunye nokuchitha ngaphandle kwezinga eliphezulu.
Ixesha elidlulileyo leemali ezixhasayo lixelela indlela i-Fed eyayilawula ngayo ukulindela kwexabiso lentengo.
I-Well Fed ilawulwa njani i-Inflation Now
Ukususela kwiingxaki zemali zango - 2008 , i-Fed ijolise ekukhuseleni enye imali. Ngexesha leengxaki, i-Fed yadala ezininzi iinkqubo ezintsha. Bakhawuleza baphawula iililiyoni zeedola yokuthengiswa kwemali ukuze kugcinwe iibhanki. Abaninzi babekhathazekile ukuba oku kuya kubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso xa uqoqosho lwamazwe wonke lufumene.
I-Fed yenze isicwangciso sokuphuma sokuphelisa iinkqubo ezintsha. Kuphelile ukuthotywa kwezinto ezininzi kunye nokuthengwa kwe-Treasury. Le nkqubo yadala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-stocks ngo-2013, iibhondi ngo-2012 kunye negolide ngo-2011. Kodwa yachaphazela abatyalo-mali, kungekhona abathengi.
I-Fed ikhuthaze izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso lentengo ngokuthe ngqo kwexabiso lentengo . Iinjongo zi-2 ekhulwini kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Ngulo mlinganiselo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngaphandle kwegesi kunye neendleko zokutya , ezinokuthi zincinci. I-inflation encinci ingakhuthaza ukukhula. Kungenxa yokuba abantu balindele ukuba amanani aphakame, ngoko bathenga ngakumbi ngoku ukuphepha ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuzayo. Oko kuvelisa imfuneko efunekayo kwimeko yoqoqosho olusempilweni.
Ukujoliswa kwezinga lokunciphisa intengo kuthetha ukuba i-Fed ayiyi kuvumela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ukunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-2 ekhulwini kwixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphuma kakhulu kunoko kujoliswe kulo, i-Fed iya kuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo wokubambisa umgaqo-mali ukuze ugcine ukuphuma ngaphandle kokulawula. Ukufumanisa indlela iFed elawula ngayo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, Ixabiso langoku lokunyuka kwamaxabiso likuxelela indlela iFed elawula ngayo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ekujuleni: Indlela Impembelelo ifuthe ngayo Ubomi bakho | Iingxaki zeMali-mali | Kutheni i-Inflation ayikhathazeki ... Abadlali abaninzi kwiMfazwe ekuchasene nemali-mali Indlela Yokuzikhusela Ngamaxabiso