I-Great Depression Expert Expert ngubani owawuthintela uxinzelelo olukhulu lweSibini
UBernanke wadala izixhobo ezininzi ze-Fed ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela ukuxinezeleka kwehlabathi kwinqanaba lokuqala lobunzima bebhanki .
Wahokela iFed ngokuthatha iindima ezintsha, ezifana nokukhwela i- Bear Stearns kunye ne-inshurensi enkulu ye- AIG . I-Fed ibolekise i-$ 540 yezigidigidi kwiimali zeemarike zemali ukuyeka ukuphazamiseka kwehlabathi.
UBernanke naye wabakhokelela ekunyuseni imisebenzi emakethe evulekileyo xa ukunciphisa ixabiso lomyinge wedwa kwakungonelanga ukuphelisa ingxaki yezimali ka-2008. Wayejongene noMsebenzi we-Twist kunye nezinye izigaba zokunciphisa umlinganiselo .
UBernanke wasula phantsi kwi-Fed Chairmanship ngoJanuwari 31, 2014. Umceli wakhe nguYise-Vice-uSihlalo we-Federal Reserve uJanet Yellen , onobubele kwimigaqo yakhe. NgoFebruwari 3, 2014, waba ngumntu owaziwayo kwiNgqungquthela kwinkqubo yoPhando lwezoQoqosho kwi-Brookings Institute. Uya kubambisana ne-Hutchins Centre kwi-Fiscal and Monetary Policy ukuhlalutya nokufundisa uluntu kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nemali.
Kutheni iBernanke Kubalulekile kwi-Economics yase-US
UBernanke wayejongene nokukhokela umgaqo-mali wezemali kuqoqosho lwe-US.
Oku kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, njengokuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali waba yintlanzi ngetyala likazwelonke . Njengoko uthethi weFed, uBernanke wayengumcebisi wezobugcisa belizwe lokuqala. Amagama akhe athengisa intengiso yemasheya kunye nexabiso le dollar . Ngethuba lakhe lokuba nguSihlalo we-Fed, uBen Bernanke wayengumntu obaluleke kakhulu e-United States kwaye, ngoko ke, uqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Yintoni uSihlalo weSigungu seSigqeba
Nangona ikomiti yeFOMC ebeka kwaye iqhuba umgaqo-mali, uSihlalo uye wathabatha inxaxheba yobunkokheli obusebenzayo. Ekubeni uSihlalo unemigangatho emine yeminyaka, kulindeleke ukuba abe omeleyo ngaphezu kwegosa elikhethiweyo eliphendula abavoti. Okuvumela i-Fed ukuba ithathe umbono wexesha elide, kwaye ingaphenduli kwixesha elifutshane elixinzelelo lwezopolitiko. Kungenxa yokuba izixhobo ze-Fed, ezifana nesantya semali ye - Fed , zenze ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Uqoqosho lwase-US lufana nesinqanawa esikhulu-sidinga isiqulatho esilandelayo. Ukumisa-umgaqo-nkqubo weemali kubangela ukungaqiniseki, okubangelwa i- stagflation yama-1970.
UBernanke kunye neCrisis Crisis ye-2008
Ngaphantsi kweBernanke, i-Federal Reserve yasebenzisa ngokubanzi izixhobo zayo. Ama-Preirm Chairmen asetyenziswa kuphela kwizinga le-Fed mali. Bakukhulisayo ukuze bahlawule ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okanye ukunciphisa ukukhusela umnotho. Phakathi kukaSeptemba 2007-Disemba 2008, uBernanke wanciphisa isantya esizihlandlo ezilishumi, ukusuka ku-5.25% ukuya ku-0%. Kodwa oku kwakungekho ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela ukuthengiswa kweebhanki kwiindawo ezixhatshazwayo ngokunyaniseka kwemali-mboleko ye-subprime . Le mboleko yayiye yahlaziywa kwaye yabathengiswa kwiimfesimali ezixhaswe ngemali eyayixhaswa kakhulu kangangokuthi akukho mntu wayenokuqonda ukuba ngubani na onetyala elibi.
Ngenxa yoko, iibhanki zayeka ukuboleka iimali ezifunekayo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuneko zokugcinwa kwe-Fed. Ekuphenduleni, uBernanke ukhululile iimfuno, wehlisa izinga lokunciphisa , kwaye ekugqibeleni wanikezela ngetyala ngokwindwangu yokuphuhlisa .
Xa oko kwakungeke kwanele, uBernanke wadala iSibonelelo sokuThengwa kweeNkcitho ngoDisemba 2007. I-TAF yenze iibhiliyoni kwiibhanki, zithatha ityala elibi njengento yokubambisa. I-TAF yayenzelwe ukuba ixeshana de iibhanki zibhalwe phantsi kwetyala elibi kwaye zaqala ukubolekisana kwakhona. Xa oku kungenzeki, i-TAF yanda kakhulu, ifikelela kwinani le-1 trillion ngo-Juni 2008.
UBernanke wasebenza kunye neebhanki eziphambili emhlabeni jikelele ukubuyisela umbane xa iimarike zeebrari zitshisa. Wongeza i-180 billion yezigidigidi zeedola zedola yerhafu .Lezi zivumelwano zokugcina ukunikezelwa kweedola ezikhoyo ukuthengisa kwezinye iibhanki eziphambili ngokubambisa ngexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elifutshane.
Kwakudingeka ukuba iibhanki eziphazamisayo zigcinwe imali. Babesaba ukuboleka omnye komnye ngenxa yokuba abazange bafune ukunamathela kwiziphumo ezivela kwi-mortgage-sub prime.
Ngo-Ephreli 2008, i-Fed yabamba ingqungquthela yokuqala yeveki yezobudlova kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuqinisekisa ukuboleka kwe- Bear Stearns embi ukuze uJP Morgan ayithenge. Okukuthintele ukungagqibekanga kwi $ 10 triliyoni kwi-Bear Stearns, kunye noluntu lwasebhanki lukhululekile ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Ngo- Q2 2008 , uqoqosho lwalukhula, kwaye abaninzi bacinga ukuba le ntlekele yachithwa.
NgoSeptemba 2008, inkampani ye-inshorensi enkulu yehlabathi, i- AIG , yamemezela ukuba iya kubakhoka. I-AIG i-trillions eziqinisekisiwe zeedola zemali ehlabathini lonke. Ukuba kwawa, bekuya kuphazamisa zonke iibhanki, i- hedge fund , kunye nengxowa yomhlala-phantsi eyayineempahla zokubambisa imali njengempahla. UBernanke uthe ukukhwabanisa kwe-AIG kwamenza waba nomsindo ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye emdeni. I-AIG ithatha ingozi kwimveliso engalawulwayo, njengemali ye- credit default swaps , ngelixa isebenzisa imali kwimigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi yabantu.
Iingcamango
Uninzi lwee-legislators kunye nezoqoqosho ezigxeka "i-Helicopter Ben" yokujoba iitriliyoni ezingabonakaliyo kwezoqoqosho, ezinokubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso , nokwandisa ityala. Abanye bayamphosa ngenxa yokuba engabalulekanga ukuhlawulela ngokwexesha . Wayegxekwa ngokufihla ubume beebhanki ezifunyenwe kwi-2 2 trillion kwiimali-mboleko ze-TAF. Ummeli ongaphambili uRon Paul, R.TX, kunye nabanye bacele ukuphicothwa kwe-Fed ukubonakalisa amagama ale mabhanki. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ezinye i-legislators zichasene nokubuyiswa kwakhe njengoSihlalo we-Federal Reserve kwiphondo lesibini ngoJanuwari 2010. UMongameli uBhaby
UBernanke Emva kweFed
UBernanke wajoyina i-Brookings Institute njengomntu owaziwayo kwiNgqungquthela ngoFebhuwari 3, 2014. Uya kucebisa i-Hutchins Centre kwi-Fiscal and Monetary Policy ukuze ufundise ngakumbi uluntu ngemigaqo-mali kunye nemali. Uya kuphakamisa iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwaloo migaqo-nkqubo. UBernanke wabhala incwadi malunga nomsebenzi wakhe onesihloko esithi The Courage to Act .
Ulandela uNobhala wezeMali woMdala uTim Geither ngokukhokela ngamakhulu amawaka eedola njengesithethi.
Imisebenzi yokuqala
UBernanke wathola i-BA kwizoqoqosho ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ngo-1975, kunye ne-Ph.D kwizoqoqosho ezivela kwi-MIT ngo-1979. Funda i-MIT ye-MIT ye-2006 I-Adencement Address ye-history of evolution.
Wafundisa eStfordford School kuze kube ngo-1985, xa waba nguprofesa kwiSebe lezoQoqosho kwiIyunivesithi yasePrinceton, waba ngumongameli ngo-1996. Ngo-2002, wajoyina i-Federal Reserve Board of Governors kwaye waba nguhlalo ngo-2006. WayenguSihlalo weNgameli I-Council of Advisers ngo-2005.
Ngo-2009, waqanjwa ngokuthi nguTime Magazine Umntu woNyaka.