Izizathu, Ubude, i-GDP, kunye neNkcitho yokungasebenzi
1945 Ukubuya
Olu ludlulileyo lugcina iinyanga ezisibhozo kuphela (ngoFebhuwari ukuya kuOktobha 1945). Kwabonakala ngathi ihlala ixesha elide.
Kungenxa yokuba i-GDP yaqhubeka iswele kwafika -10.6 ekhulwini ngowe-1946. Oku kwakuyimiphumo yendalo yokufudumala kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Oku kwenzekayo xa imfuno enkulu yemikhosi yempi yawa. Inkcitho kaRhulumente iyancipha, nangona iindleko zoshishino zazinamandla. Umthombo: "Uphuhliso lweeNkqantosi kunye nokuPhepha," iBhunga leSizwe loPhando loQoqosho, iCambridge, MA, NBER.).
1949 Ukubuyisela
Ukunyuka kweenyanga ezili-11 kwaqala ngoNovemba 1948. Kwaphela ngo-Oktobha 1949, xa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kufinyelele kwinani le-7.9 ekhulwini. Kwakuyilungiso oluthathakayo njengoko uqoqosho luqhubeka lulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwexesha loxolo.
| Ukukhula kweGDP | Q1 (Jan-Mar) | Q2 (Apr-Jun) | Q3 (Jul-Sep) | Q4 (ngo-Oktobha-Dec) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | -5.4% | -1.3% | + 4.5% | -3.5% |
Ukubuyiswa kowe-1953
Ukuhlawulelwa kwemali kwaphela iinyanga ezilishumi (ngoJulayi 1953-Meyi 1954). Kwaphumela ekuvuseleleni emva kweMfazwe yaseKorea . Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi akuzange kufinyelele kwinani le-6.1 yeepesenti kude kube ngoSeptemba 1954, emva kweenyanga ezine emva kokupheliswa kwemali.
I-GDP inikwe i-2.2 yeepesenti kwi-Q3, 5.9 ekhulwini kwi-Q4, kunye ne-1.8 ekhulwini kwi-Q1 1954.
Ukubuyiswa kowe-1957
Kwaphela iinyanga ezisibhozo (uAgasti 1957-Epreli 1958). I-GDP yawa ngamaphesenti ama-4.0 kwi-Q4 1957. Yakhawuleza yanciphisa i-10.0 yeepesenti kwi-Q1 1958. Ukungasebenzi kwabangenakufikelela kwipesenti ezingama-7.1 kwaze kwaba ngoSeptemba 1958.
Umgaqo-mali we-Fed olwaphulwa ngumthetho wabangela ukuba.
1960 Ukubuya
Ukususela ngo-Ephreli 1960, ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela kweenyanga ezili-10, kude kube ngoFebruwari 1961. I-GDP yaba yi--1.5 ekhulwini kwi-Q2, iphakama i-1.0% kwi-Q3, kodwa yayingama -4,8 ekhulwini kwi-Q4. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwafikelela kwinani elingama-7.1 ekhulwini ngo-Meyi 1961. UMongameli uKennedy wagqiba ukunyuka kwemali ngokusetyenziswa kwemali. Umchasi wakhe, uRichard Nixon, uthe ukunyuka kwemali kuye kwamnceda ukhetho. Kungenxa yokuba wayeyiNtloko-Mongameli ngoko abavoti bathi iRiphabhlikhi yokubangela.
1970 Ukubuya
Lo mgangatho wawunesidima, iinyanga ezili-11 (uDisemba 1969 ukuya kuNovemba 1970.) I-GDP yayingu -0.7 ekhulwini kwi-Q1, yavuka i-0.7 ekhulwini kwi-Q2, i-3.6 ekhulwini kwi-Q3, ibe i-4.0 ekhulwini kwi-Q4. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabakho kwi-6.1 yeepesenti ngoDisemba 1970.
1973-1975 Ukubuya
Olu ludlulileyo lugqiba iinyanga ezili-16 (ngoNovemba 1973-Matshi 1975). I- Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ichazwe ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso eoli, kodwa i- OPEC i-embargo yodwa ayizange ibangele ukunyuka kwemali. Izinto ezininzi zinegalelo.
Okokuqala, uMongameli uNixon wamisela ukulawulwa kwexabiso lomvuzo. Oku kugcina amaxabiso aphakamileyo kakhulu, ukunciphisa imfuno . Ukulawulwa kwemivuzo kwenzile umvuzo ophakamileyo kakhulu, owamisela amabhizinisi ukuba abulale abasebenzi.
Okwesibini, uNixon wathatha iUnited States ngaphandle komgangatho wegolide ekuphenduleni ukugijima kwigolide egcinwe eFort Knox. Okubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko intengo yegolide yanyuka i-$ 120 enye kunye nexabiso leli dola liye lahla.
Isiphumo sasiyi- stagflation kunye neekota ezintlanu zokukhula kweGDP okungalunganga: 1973 i- Q3 -2.2 iphesenti, 1974 i- Q1 -3.3 ipesenti, iipesenti ze-Q3 -3.8, i-Q4 -1.6 iphesenti, kunye ne- 1975 i- Q1 -4.7 ekhulwini. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwafikelela kwinani leepesenti ezili-9 ngo-Meyi 1975, emva kweenyanga ezimbini emva kokudlulela ngokwemfundo.
1980-1982 Ukubuya
Uqoqosho luye lwafumana i-double whammy yee-two recessions. Kwakukho ngeenyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zika-1980 (ngoJanuwari - Julayi) kwaye enye yahlala iinyanga ezili-16 ukususela ngoJulayi 1981 ukuya kuNovemba 1982.
I-Fed yabangela ukuba ngokunyusa amazinga omyinge wokulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ukunciphisa imali yoshishino.
I-iranian oil embargo yenze ixabiso ngokunciphisa amafutha e-US. Oko kwakunyanzela ukubonelela kwaye kwagxotha amaxabiso.
I-GDP yayingalunganga kwiiyure eziyi-12 zeekota. Iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Q2 1980 kwi -7.9 yeepesenti. Kwakukho ukuhla kwekota ukususela kwiNgcoliso enkulu (kude kube ngowama-2008 kuya kwe-2009). Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwanyuka kuma-10,8 ekhulwini ngoNovemba 1982, inqanaba eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi kuyo nayiphi na imali. Kwakungaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-10 kwiinyanga ezili-10. UMongameli uRagag wagqiba ngokunciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu nokukhuthaza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
| Ukukhula kweGDP | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 1.3% | -7.9% | -0.6% | 7.6% |
| 1981 | 8.5% | -2.9% | 4.7% | -4.6% |
| 1982 | -6.5% | 2.2% | -1.4% | 0.4% |
1990-1991 Ukubuya
Le mali yayingangeenyanga ezisibhozo (ngoJulayi 1990 ukuya kuMashi 1991). Ingxaki ye- Savings and Loan Crisis 1989 yabangela. I-GDP yayingu -3.4 ekhulwini kwi-Q4 1990 kunye ne--1.9 ekhulwini kwi-Q1 1991.
2001 Ukubuyisela
Ukwehla kwemali ngonyaka ka-2001 kwathatha iinyanga ezisibhozo (ngoMatshi-Novemba 2001). Kwakubangelwa yi-Y2K yokwesaba ngonyaka ka-2000. Oku kwadala i- boom kunye nokuqhuma kwimizi-mveliso ye-dot-com. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-9/11 kwabuhlungu. Uqoqosho luqeshwe kwiikota ezimbini: I-1% yeepesenti ye-Q1 (-0.5 iphesenti) kunye ne-Q3 -1.3 ekhulwini (-1.4%). Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kufinyelele kuma-5.7 ekhulwini ngexesha lokunciphisa umnotho, kodwa kwavuka ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-6 ngoJuni 2003. Oku kudla ngokukwenzeka kwimigqaliselo, njengokuba ukungasebenzi kungumqondiso wesigxina . Uninzi lwabaqeshi balinde baze baqiniseke ukuba uqoqosho lubuyele kwienyawo zalo kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba kuqeshwe abasebenzi abasisigxina.
2008-2009 Ukubuyisela
I- Recent Recession yayiyeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukususela ngo-1929. Kwakhona kwakude kakhulu ukusukela kwiNgxinxxwaba, iinyanga ezili-18 ezide (Disemba 2007-Juni 2009). Inkathazo yempesheni yokubambisa i-subprime yabangela ukuba Odala i-banking bank banking crisis .
Uqoqosho luhlala kwi-quarters ezintlanu, kubandakanywa ezine kwikota ngokulandelana. Iikota ezimbini zithengisa ngaphezu kwama-5 ekhulwini, kubandakanye ne- Q4 2008 eyawa yi-8.2 yeepesenti, ngaphezu kweyiphi na enye inzuzo ukusuka kwi-Depression Great. Ukwehla kwemali kwaphela ngo-Q3 2009, xa i-GDP iguqukile, ngokubonga kwi-package stimulus package .
I-Bureau yohlalutyo lwezoqoqosho ihlaziya kwakhona ukulinganiswa kwayo kwe-GDP njengoko ithola idatha entsha. Idla ngokuphindaphinda ukulinganiswa kwayo ngoJuni ngamnye kunyaka. Nanku ukuqikelelwa kokugqibela (kwenziwa ngoJuni ka-2016) kulandelwa uqikelelo lokuqala (lwenziwe inyanga emva kokuba ikota iphelile). Oku kunceda kubonisa ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukulungisa umda-mali kuze kube sekuqaleni. Kwakhona kukukhumbuza ukuba kunzima kangakanani ixesha lokuthengisa iimali zakho.
2008
- I-Q1 Uqoqosho ludinga u-2.7 ekhulwini. Ekuqaleni, i-BEA yayicinga ukuba ikhule i-0.6 yeepesenti.
- I-Q2 Uqoqosho luye lwahlaziya iipesenti eziyi-2.0 Ukukhululwa kokuqala kwathetha i-1,9 ekhulwini. Wonke umntu wayecinga ukuba ukukhululwa kwe-Fed ye- Bear Stearns kwaphelisa ingozi kwiimarike zemali.
- I-Q3 Uqoqosho ludinga i-1,9 ekhulwini, ngaphezu kwe -0.3 yepesenti yokuqikelela.
- Q4 Uqoqosho luye lwawa, lwahla u-8.2 wepesenti. I-BEA yathi ekuqaleni i-shrank 3.8 yepesenti, nangona oko kwakungalunganga. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezininzi kuzo zonke iinguqulelo, jonga i- GDP ka-2008 .
2009
- I-Q1 Uqoqosho ludinga u-5.4 ekhulwini. Uqikelelo oluqala luthi ludla u-6.1 ipesenti.
- Ukukhula kwe-G2 ye-GDP yayingu -0.5 pesenti, ingcono kunokuqikelelwa kokuqala kwe--1.0 yepesenti. Jonga 2009 GDP .
Kwimanani yaminyaka yonke ukususela ngo-1929, khangela i- US GDP Growth , i- US GDP History , kunye ne- US Inflation Rate .