I-9/11 yenze njani i-Recession ye-2001
Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwafikelela kuma-5.7 ekhulwini ngoDisemba 2001. Oku kungaphezulu kwezinga lokungasebenzi . Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwaqhubeka ukunyuka nangemva kokuphela kwemali. NgoJuni 2003, kwafikelela kuma-6 ekhulwini. Abaqeshi balinde ukulahla abasebenzi kuze kube yilapho imiyalelo inamandla ngokwaneleyo. Oku kwenza isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi isibonakaliso sokungena.
Izizathu
Uqoqosho lwe-2001 lwabangelwa yiY2K. Ngo-1999, bekukho ukugqithisa kwezoqoqosho kwi-computer kunye ne-software yokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezininzi kunye nabantu ngabanye bathenga iinkqubo ezintsha zekhompyutheni ukuqinisekisa ukuba isofthiwe yabo iY2K iyathobela. Ikhowudi yokusebenza kwafuneka ukuba ikwazi ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kuka-2000 no-1900. Iinkalo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwikhowudi kuphela zineendawo ezimbini, kungekhona ezine ezifunekayo ukuhlula le mihla emibini.
Ngenxa yoko, intengo yesitishi yamashishini amaninzi aphezulu aqala ukwandisa. Abatyalomali baqala ukuthenga isitishi kunoma iyiphi nayiphi na inkampani ye-tech tech, nokuba ingaba ibonisa inzuzo okanye ayikho.
Ukuxhamla kwiinkampani ze-dot.com zangenangqiqo.
Isiqhumiso sasihoxisa kumashishini e-dot-com. Kwacaca ngoJanuwari 2000 ukuba iikhomputha zekhompyutheni ziya kuhla. Ubomi bekholethi ezininzi zeekhomputer zi malunga nemibini emibini. Iinkampani zathengela zonke izixhobo ababeza kuzifuna. Ngenxa yoko, imarike yemasheya iwele ngoMatshi 2000.
Njengoko amanani eentengo anqabile, ngokunjalo ixabiso leenkampani ze-dot.com kunye nabaninzi baye bahlawula.
I- Federal Reserve yayingayithobeli iimarike kwaye yaqhubeka iphakamisa inzala. Ireyithi yemali eyondliwe yafikelela kuma-6.5 ekhulwini ngo-Meyi 2000. Amanani omdla ahlala ephakamileyo xa uqoqosho ludinga amaxabiso aphantsi kwintengo ephantsi.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-9/11 kwandisa ukuhla. I- New York Stock Exchange yavala iintsuku ezine zokurhweba emva kokuhlaselwa. Kwakuyiyokuqala ukususela kwiNkxwaleko enkulu . Imarike yemasheya yavulwa kwakhona ngoSeptemba 17, 2001 . Umyinge weDow Jones weZibonelelo weZibonelelo wawa ngama-7.13 ekhulwini, kuvala kwi-8,920.70. I-617.78 yokulahleka kwento yayiyi-drop Dow's day-worst day-day. Kwimanani yaminyaka yonke ukususela ngo-1929, khangela i- US GDP Growth , i- US GDP History , kunye ne- US Inflation Rate .
Yintoni ephelile ukuTyala?
Ulawulo lwe- Bush lwanceda ukuphelisa umnotho-mali kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo. Ngokukhawuleza kokungena kwi-ofisi ngoJanuwari, uMongameli uBush waqala ukusebenza kunye neCongress ukunciphisa irhafu
Ngomhla ka-Juni 7, 2001, wasayina uMthetho woPhuhliso loQoqosho kunye noMthetho woNgeniso loRhulumaniso weRhafu woNyaka ka-2001 . Yanikezela irhafu yengeniso kwiintsapho ezibuyiselwe kwiJanuwari. Okubakhokelela kuwo wonke umnyaka werhafu ka-2001. Abaphathi bakholelwa ukuba baya kuchitha imali ethe xaxa kwaye bakhulise ukukhula koqoqosho.
I-EGTTRA inciphise isantya esiphezulu serhafu ukusuka kwi-39.6% ukuya kuma-35 ekhulwini. Yanciphisa izinga lama-36 ukuya kuma-33 ekhulwini, iipesenti ezingama-31 ukuya kuma-28 ekhulwini, kunye nama-28 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini. Yanciphisa iipesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-10 ekhulwini. Kwakwandisa kwakhona iNgxowa-mboleko yeNgeniso yeNgeniso.
I-EGTTRA iphindwe kabini ukutsalwa okuqhelekileyo kwaye iphakanyise umyinge we-bhokisi yeerhafu engama-15 kwiibini ezitshatileyo. Yanikezela iintsapho ezongezelelweyo zerhafu. Iphindwe kabini irhafu yengxowa yomntwana ukusuka kwi-$ 500 ukuya kwi-1 000.
Ezi zitshizi zinike abahlawuli berhafu imali ethe xaxa. Olu konyuka kwimfuno luya kukhulisa uqoqosho kwaye lukhuphe ngaphandle kwemali.
Amanye amalungiselelo awo azuze ukugcinwa komhlalaphantsi kunye nentlawulo yeentlawulo. Lezo nyathelo zazingenakunceda ukunyuka kwemali. Enyanisweni, banokukhuthaza ukugcina endaweni yokuchitha imali.
Isizathu sesibini sokuphela komnotho kwakuyiMfazwe e-Afghanistan .
Kunyaka walo wokuqala, iCongress yabela i-$ 29.3 yezigidi kwiimali ezixakeka kwimfazwe. UMongameli Bush uqalise imfazwe ukufumana nokuzisa u-Osama bin Laden. Wahokela iqela lamaphekula e-al-Qaida elijongene nokuhlaselwa kwe-9/11. (Umthombo: " Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye neminye iMfazwe ekuSebenziseni kobutsha ukususela ngo-9/11 ," iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, uDisemba 8, 2014.)
I-Fed yasebenzisa umgaqo-mali wokunyuka kwemali ukuphelisa umnotho. Kwaqala ukuhlawula iirhafu ngoJanuwari 2001. Kwaye kwanciphisa ngokukhawuleza malunga ne-1/2 kwinyanga nganye, ukuphumla kwi-1,75 ekhulwini ngoDisemba 2001. Izinga lentlawulo ephantsi yenza amakhaya, imfundo kunye nokuthengwa kwemoto kungabizi imali. Ukufumana iinkcukacha, khangela iMbali yeMali yeMali .
Impact
Nangona ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoNovemba 2001, iintsongelo zemfazwe zaqhuba iDow phantsi omnye unyaka. Yawa ngo-Oktobha 9, 2002, xa ivalwe kwi-7,286.27. Kwakuyi-37.8 yeepesenti eyancipha ukusuka kwinqanaba layo. Akukho mntu wayazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba imarike yenkomo ibuyele kude kube yilapho iDow ibetha ngaphantsi kwe-Matshi 11, 2003, ivala ngo-7,524.06.
Ukunyuka kweerhafu kwagqitywa ngo-2009, ngokukhawuleza ukunyusa uqoqosho. Ukukhula koqoqosho kwaba yi-1.0 ekhulwini ngo-2001 kwaye kwanda kuphela kuma-1.8 ekhulwini ngo-2002, kwaye i-2.8 ekhulwini ngo-2003. Ukujongana nale nto, iCongress yadlulisela i- JGTRRA ngo-2003 ukukhawuleza ukunyuka kweerhafu nokunika ikhefu kumashishini.
Okwesibini, abaninzi abantu basindisa iziphuzo zabo kunokuba bachithe. Kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kweerhafu kuye wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinzuzo. Labo abanemali ephezulu banako ukutshala imali kunokuba bachithe nayiphi na isaphulelo serhafu.
Impendulo kwimpumelelo ye-2001 ibonise isigaba sokunyuka kwemali ngo-2008. I-Fed yaqhubeka yokunciphisa ixabiso lentengo ngo-2003. Bafuna ezinye iindawo, njengemveliso kunye neengxowa-mali zangaphandle. Xa i-Fed yaqala ukunyusa amaxabiso ngo-2004, abaninzi bemali-mboleko babenenkathazo yokuhlawula amazinga aphezulu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, utywala lwerhafu lweBhus lulimaza uqoqosho ngokunciphisa ngokunciphisa imali engenayo karhulumente . Oku kwandisa ukusilela kwonyaka, kwaye ngoko ke ityala le- US . Inkomfa yalwa nomthetho kaMongameli weBusiness Obama ngenxa yokuba yayikhathazeke ngakumbi ngetyala. Esikhundleni saloo nto, yaphoqeleka i-10 yeepesenti yokuchithwa kwemali ngokunqunyulwa. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ochasene wenza ukuba kube nzima ukubuyisela kwiRest Recession .