Uluhlu loHlolo lokuHlola: Indlela yokuPhatha iMpahla

by Julie Garber

Uninzi lweendawo ezifuna ukulandelelana zilandele le nyathelo

Umfi akayi kuba nomnikazi wepropati, ngoko kufuneka ukuba adluliselwe ngokusemthethweni kubunini bakhe abe ngowomxhamli ophilayo xa efa. Oku kuqhutyelwa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yovavanyo.

Kwaye kuthekani ngamatyala ahloniphekileyo? Bahlawulelwa kwinkqubo yovavanyo.

Konke oku kuqhutyelwa phantsi kolawulo lwetyala le-probate, kwaye kukho imigaqo ethile nemithetho ekufuneka ilandelwe xa kukho inkundla. Ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kummandla ukuya kummandla, kodwa amanye amanyathelo aqhelekileyo kwaye ayenzeka kumyalelo omiweyo.

01 Ukuqalisa

Isinyathelo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwezindlu kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu oshonile ushiye intando. Ngaphandle kokuba abe nokholo lokuphila endaweni leyo, i-estate kufuneka iqhubeke ingxaki nokuba ingazange ihambe.

Ukuba awufumani intando phakathi kwamaphepha akhe abalulekileyo, jonga ngamagqwetha ayenokuba wayetyenzisile ukuba ayenye. Unokufumana ufikelelo kwibhokisi yakhe yokukhupha ikhuselekile ukuba unalo kuphela ngenjongo yokufumana ukuthanda kwakhe. Le ngenye yezo mithetho ezingatshintshwa ngurhulumente, nangona kunjalo. Unokufuna imvume ekhethekileyo evela kumgwebi wenkundla yokulinga ukungena kwibhokisi.

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana intando kwaye ukuba umntu ofileyo wayengenaso esinye isicwangciso sepropati njengokholo, i-estate kuthiwa "yintliziyo." Wonke amanyathelo afanayo ayasebenza. Baye baxhamla nje ukuba bafumane ingqalelo yokuba umfi akazange enze izifiso zakhe zokugqibela eziyaziwayo.

02 Vula indawo kunye neNkundla

Ukuvula i-estate kungabonakala kulula njengoko kuthatha intando kwincwadi yenkundla ye-probate kwaye uyifake. Umntu ogama lingu-executor kule nkqubo uya kuthatha lo msebenzi.

Inkundla iya kubakho ukucwangcisa ukuva okufutshane, ukumisela ngokusemthethweni njengomphathi wefa kunye nokumnika incwadi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"testamentary letters". Olu xwebhu lunikeza igunya lokusemthethweni ukuba lenze egameni lefa.

Naliphi na umhlobo okanye ilungu lentsapho linokufaka isicelo enkundleni ukuvula i-estate xa kungekho nto inokuyenza, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba uya kuqokwa njengomqhubi, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "umlawuli" xa i-estate is intestate. Inkundla iya kukhetha umlawuli ngokwemigaqo yomthetho. Ukusinda abafazi bavame ukuqala kumgca womsebenzi, kulandelwa ngabantwana abadala, abazali, abantakwabo-nokuba ngababolekisi bamashishini kumazwe athile, nangona bahlala bephantsi kwoluhlu. Umboleki-mali akayi kukonyulwa ngaphandle kokuba akukho mntu ufumanekileyo okanye uzimisele ukuthatha umsebenzi.

03 Inventory i-Docedent's Documents and Assets

Umsebenzi wokuqala wegosa okanye umlawuli emva kokuba kuqeshwe ukufumana kunye nokuchonga i-asethi ye-decedent. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlaziywa okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iimaphepha zakhe kunye neengxelo zebhanki zebhanki. Kufuneka kubekho amaxwebhu, izixhumanisi, okanye iingcebiso apho malunga nokuba khona kwe-akhawunti ye-investment kunye ne-brokerage, izitifiketi zesitokisi kunye nezibophelelo, imigaqo-inshorensi yobomi , iirekhodi zenkampani, iirekhodi zeenqwelo-moya kunye neenqanawa, kunye nezenzo, ukuba zikhona. Ezinye iimpahla ziya kubonakala zibala, njengekhaya ahlala kuyo okanye ubugcisa obuxhomekeke ezindongeni zakhe.

Ummangali kufuneka athathe zonke ezi phepheni, kunye neentlawulo zembuyekezo zentlawulo yemali yengeniso kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo. Ngumsebenzi wakhe ukugcina impahla yakhe ikhuselekile kwaye ihambelanisiwe ilindele ukuhlolwa. Uya kwazisa amaziko eemali ukuba umnini wafa ukwenzela ukuba i-akhawunti ingabinqabile kwaye iyakwazi ukufikelela kuwo. Kwimeko yelo Rembrandt elenga eludongeni lwayo lokuhlala, akuqhelekanga ukuba ummeli athathe impahla yezinto ezinokubonakalayo ukuze "angayi kuhamba" okanye mhlawumbi abe yingozi, ingakumbi ukuba ibalulekile.

04 Ixabiso leempahla zeCentedent's assets

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo yokuqeshiswa kwezindlu kukuseka umhla-wokufa kwexabiso kwiimpahla ezihlambulukileyo.

Izilinganiso zeengxelo zeemali njengaloo mhla zimele zicacwe ngokucacileyo kwiinkcazo kunye neirekhodi, kodwa iimpahla ezinjengezindlu zangasese kunye neziphumo zomntu siqu, kubandakanywa ubucwebe, ubugcisa, ukuqokelela kunye namashishini athathwe ngokuthe ngqo, kufuneka ukuba ziqhelwe ngobuchule.

Ukuba kulindeleke ukuba i-estate decentent ihlawulwe irhafu kwiintlawulo zorhulumente okanye i-state tax tax, ixabiso le-decedent ye-assets non-probate kufuneka ixabiswe. Ezi ziyimpahla ezingadingi iimvavanyo ngenxa yokuba zidlula ngqo kumxhamli ngenxa yeminye imisebenzi okanye inkqubo yomthetho, njenge-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi kunye nomntu oqeshwe ngumnini okanye i-estate estate ayithethileyo ingenzeka ibe nomnye umntu onamalungelo alinganayo kuphila.

Uninzi lwamaqhinga alukho phantsi kweerhafu zepropati kwinqanaba le-federal-kuphela labo abanamaxabiso angaphezu kwe-11.2 yezigidi kufuneka bajongane nale rhafu ngo-2018.

05 Ukuhlawula iRhafu yeNgeniso yeMali kunye neNtlawulo yeeMpahla

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwempahla ukuhlawula nayiphi irhafu yentlawulo kunye neerhafu zerhafu ezinokuthi zifaneleke. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela nokufakela ukubuyiswa kweerhafu zokugqibela zentlawulo yomntu kunye nolwaseburhulumenteni, ukulungiselela nokuhambisa nayiphi na imbuyekezo yentlawulo yerhafu yengeniso efunekayo , kwaye nayiphina imbuyekezo yerhafu yengeniso efunwa ngumntu .

06 Ukuhlawulwa kweeBhilile zokugqibela kunye nezindleko zezindlu

Umqhubi okanye umlawuli kufuneka alandele ukuhlawula iindleko zokugqibela zeendleko kunye neendleko eziqhubekayo zokulawula ifa. Ezi ndleko zingabandakanya iintlawulo zomthetho , iintlawulo zeemali, iimpahla, ii-premium ze-inshurensi kunye neentlawulo zemboleko.

Kumele ukuba afune ukuba yeyiphi iibhidi ezifunekayo ngexesha lokufa kwakhe kwaye azi ukuba zivumelekile. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kubahlawula kwiimali zeempahla. Imithetho kaRhulumente ifuna ukuba i-post isaziso malunga nokufa kwiphephandaba ukuze ababolekisi abangenako ukuba bayakwazi ukuba bangenza amabango ngemali ababolekiweyo. Unako ukuhlawula ukuhlawula ityala xa engakholelwa ukuba iyasebenza, kodwa umbolekisi unelungelo lokucela inkundla ukuba azame ukufumana ijaji ukuba iguqe isigqibo somenzi.

07 Yabela i-Balance kwi-Beneficiaries Estate

Omnye wabaxhamli beemfuno zokuqala zeempahla baya kucela umphathi okanye umlawuli ukuba, "Ndiza kufumana nini ilifa lam?" Ngelishwa, ukuhanjiswa kweefa zefa kubaxhamli kuyisinyathelo sokugqibela kwinkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwezindlu.

Idinga ukuba imvume yesikhala ifune. Ummangali uza kufaka ingxelo kumgwebi wenkundla ye-probate, echaza yonke intsebenzo yemali eyenziwe egameni lefa. Kucinga ukuba yonke into ihlelekile kwaye bonke abathengi abanelungelo lokuhlawulwa bahlawulwe, ijaji iya kukhupha umyalelo owamvumela ukuba avalwe ifa kwaye adlulisele i-asethi abaye bahlawulela kubaxhamli bakhe phantsi kwezimvo zakhe.

Ukuba akukho ntando, ipropati yomhlaba iya kudlulela kumalungu akhe entsapho esondeleyo ngokomyalelo omiweyo obizwa ngokuthi "ukulandelelana." Umyalelo ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kumthetho womntu ngamnye kodwa umlingane ohlala esoloko uhlala engumgca wokuqala, kunye nabantwana ba-decedent. Amanye amalungu omndeni ahlala efa kuphela ngokulandelelana xa kungekho mlingane okanye abantwana abasinda kumfi.

Ngamanye amaxesha iprobate ayimfuneko

Akuyiyo yonke indawo efuna ukuba ingxaki. Kusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu ongekho mthethweni ongenalo i-property-probation assets-zonke iimpahla zakhe zibe zigcinwe kwithemba okanye zinezinto zonke kunye nomxhamli osasalayo ngoko kudlula ngqo kuloo mntu okanye abantu. Kwaye ininzi iindawo zineemfuno ezikhethekileyo kwindawo ezincinane kakhulu, ezo ezingadluli kwixabiso elithile. Ezi ndawo aziqhelekanga ukuba ziphumelele kule nkqubo yovavanyo.