Inyaniso Ngokwemali Yentlawulo
Ukunciphisa intela kunciphisa inani lemali yabemi eya kwiingeniso karhulumente. Ukunyuka kwentela kwenzeka kwiifom ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. I-Congress inokunciphisa irhafu kwimali engenayo, inzuzo, ukuthengisa okanye ipahla. Ziyakwazi ukuhlaziywa kwexesha elilodwa, ukunciphisa izinga elipheleleyo, okanye irhafu yerhafu. Izicwangciso ezininzi zohlaziyo lweerhafu ziquka ukutywa, njengeSicwangciso soRhumo soRhwebo kunye neRhafu yerhafu .
Ukwehliswa kweerhafu kwakhona kubhekisela ekuncitshweni kweerhafu, ukukhishwa kweerhafu, okanye iikhredithi.
Ngenxa yokuba basindisa imali yabavoti, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kudla ngokubanzi. Ukunyuka kweRhafu ayikho.
Iintlobo
Iintlobo zerhafu zentlawulo zihambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zerhafu.
Ukunciphisa irhafu yerhafu kunciphisa inani labantu kunye neentsapho ezihlawula umvuzo. Xa abantu bangathatha ikhaya elongezelelweyo lokuhlawulwa kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yabathengi kwanda. Ukusetyenziswa komntu kuqhuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zoqoqosho ngenxa yenye yezinto ezine ze-GDP .
Ukunciphisa intela yentlawulo yexabiso lokunciphisa intela ekuthengiseni impahla. Oku kunika imali ngakumbi kubatyalomali. Bafaka imali engakumbi kwiinkampani, ngokuthenga i-stock, ukubanceda bakhule. Kwakhona iqhuba ixabiso lezindlu kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala, ioli, igolide kunye nezinye izinto.
Ifa okanye ixabiso lokuhlawula irhafu linciphisa inani elihlawulwa yizindlalifa kwiimpahla zabazali babo.
Ukunciphisa irhafu yoshishino kuyanciphisa irhafu kwinzuzo. Oku kunika imali ngakumbi kwiinkampani ukutyalo nokuqesha abasebenzi.
- Ukunciphisa intela yerhafu yabashishini abancedisayo abasomashishini abasebenzisa abantu abangama-50 okanye abambalwa. Yindlela enkulu yokongeza imisebenzi ukusuka kumashishini amancinci enza iipesenti ezingama-65 yazo zonke imisebenzi emitsha.
- Iirhafu zorhwebo zinciphisa irhafu engeniso yenkampani . Oko kunika iinkampani imali engakumbi yokutshala imali kumashishini abo. Oku kukhuthaza ukuchitha imali kwimigangatho yezinto ezizinzileyo , kuquka iimpahla eziyinkunzi . Kwakhona kudala imisebenzi .
- Ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu kunciphisa iintlawulo ezenziwe kuKhuselo loLuntu, kwiMediare, kunye nentlawulo yokungasebenzi. Amashishini kunye nabasebenzi bawabelana ngeendleko, ngoko ke ukunqunyulwa kwentlawulo yerhafu kunceda bobabini.
Ukwenyuswa kwentela nguMongameli
UJohn F. Kennedy ukhuthaza ukusikwa kwerhafu yengeniso. Wayefuna ukunciphisa izinga eliphezulu ukusuka kuma-91 ukuya kuma-65 ekhulwini.
ULyndon Johnson wanyusa i-JFK yentlawulo yerhafu ngo-Febhuwari 7, 1964. Inkomfa yanciphisa irhafu yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso kuma-70 ekhulwini ukusuka kuma-91 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emibini. Ihlisa isantya esezantsi ukuya kuma-14 ekhulwini ukusuka kuma-20 ekhulwini. Lanciphisa isantya sobambiswano ukuya kuma-48 ekhulwini ukusuka kuma-52 ekhulwini.
URichard Nixon akazange anqumle irhafu. Kunoko, wongeza i-10 yeepesenti yokungenisa irhafu.
URonald Reagan unciphise irhafu yengeniso ukusuka kwipesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-28 ekhulwini kumazinga aphezulu. Wanciphisa irhafu kuwo onke amazinga omvuzo ngenani elifanayo. Reagan unciphise irhafu yerhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-48 ukuya kuma-34 ekhulwini. Wayengummeli onjalo wezoqoqosho zenkxaso ngezinye izinto ezaziwa ngokuba yiReaganomics . Uqoqosho lwezondlo-mali lusebenza ukuyeka u-1981 ukuhlawulelwa kwemali ngenxa yeerhafu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Interhibitive Range" yeCard Curve . Le ngcamango iphinda ithi ingeniso yerhafu esuka kwimoya echanekileyo ithathe indawo nayiphi na imali eyayilahleka ekuqaleni.
UBill Clinton wakhulisa intlawulo yengeniso kwangoko kwikota yokuqala. Kodwa ngo-1997, uClinton unciphise ixabiso lentlawulo yexabiso lentlawulo kwi-20% ukusuka kwi-28 ekhulwini. Wakhuphula umrhumo kwi-erhafu yentlawulo kwi-1 million yezigidi ezivela kwii-600,000 zamaRandi.
Wadala i- Roth IRAs ezavumela ukuzuza kweenkunzi zezimali ukuba zikhule kwaye zihoxiswe irhafu. Wakhuphula imida yeIRAs deductible.
UGeorge W. Bush wasebenzisa izicucu zerhafu ukulwa nomnotho we-2001. Kwakukho ukutsalwa kweerhafu kweBhus . I-Congress yadlulisa i- EGTRRA ngo-2001. Yanciphisa ireyithi zerhafu ngamanqaku eepesenti ezintathu kwaye yakha i-10% yepesenti kwimali ephantsi. Inqumle umtshato, ifa kunye nesibonelelo somvuzo. Yandisa inkokhelo yengxowa yomntwana kunye nerhafu yerhafu yengeniso .
Ngo-2003, iCongress yadlulisela i- JGTRRA ukukhawuleza ukunyuswa kweerhafu ze-EGTRRA nokubanceda abatyali-mali. Yanciphisa isantya esiphezulu serhafu kwiinzuzo zexesha elide kunye negalelo ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini.
Ngonyaka ka-2008, isaphulelo sokuhlawula irhafu se-Bush sathunyelwe kubarhafi berhafu. Nangona ixabiso elinzima ukulifeza, lisebenza ngenxa yokuba abantu babeyazi ukuba bafumana ikhefu. Bavakalelwa ukuba bayakuchitha. Kodwa iRest Recession yayiqalisile, ngoko ayizange ivuselele uqoqosho ngokwaneleyo ukuguqula inkambo.
UBarack Obama wancenga i-$ 787 yezigidigidi ze- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act , eyadluliselwa yiNgqungquthela ngo-Matshi 2009. I-ARRA yayinezigidi ezingama-288 zeebhilidi zokucutswa kwentela. Yanciphisa irhafu yengeniso yonyaka kubantu ngabanye ngama-$ 400 nganye kunye ne-800 zamawaka kwiintsapho. Abaqeshi banciphisa inani elibanjelwe ukuba abasebenzi basebenzise imali ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuba yayingashunyayelwa kakuhle, abantu abaninzi abazange babone inani elongezelelweyo lokuhlawula kwabo.
I-ARRA yanciphisa irhafu yengeniso ngemali elinganayo nentlawulo yokuthengisa kwintengiso entsha. Yanikezela ngeebhiliyoni ezingama-17 kwiirhafu zentlawulo zemindeni ezityala kwimithombo yamandla avuselelwe. Kwakuquka ii-54 zamawaka ezigidi kwiingcitshu zorhafu zorhwebo. Yenza okungakumbi.
Ngonyaka ka-2010, iCongress yavuma i-plan yokunquma ityala lika-Obama . Inqumle irhafu yokuhlawula iipesenti ngeepesenti ezi-2, idibanisa i-$ 120 yezigidi kwiindleko zethengi Yandisa ingxowa yerhafu yengqesho yekholejini. Yaqhubeka nokwandiswa kwenzuzo yokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngo-2011. Inqwenela iirhafu ezingama-55 zezigidi zerhafu kwiimveliso ezithile. Ukuhlawula zonke ezi zicutshulwa, isicwangciso sabuyisela kwakhona i-35 yepesenti yeerhafu kwiindawo ezixabisa izigidi ezi-5 zamaRandi (okanye i-$ 10 yezigidi kwiintsapho).
Ukukhusela i- cliff yezimali ngonyaka ka-2013 , iCongress yagcina i-Bush tax cuts on the income engaphantsi kwama-400,000 (okanye i-$ 450,000 kwizibini ezitshatileyo), kungabikho usuku lokuphela.
UDonald Trump ucebise icebo lokucoca irhafu ngo-2017. Wabuza iCongress ukuba yenze umthetho wesiseko kwisicwangciso sakhe ngoJanuwari 1, 2018. Umthetho weSenate we-Tax Cuts and Jobs Act unciphisa irhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-35 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-2019 Iyanciphisa amaxabiso omvuzo werhafu , iphindwe kabini ukuxothwa okuqhelekileyo , kwaye iphelise ukukhululwa komntu . NgoNovemba 14, 2017, iNtloko yeeNteti yayiquka ukucinywa kwentlawulo ye- Obamacare kulabo abangenayo inshorensi yempilo.
Ukunyuswa kweRhafu kuHinisekisa uQoqosho
Ukutyunjwa kweerhafu kuthintela njani uqoqosho kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkunkuma. Ukunciphisa irhafu kukhulisa uqoqosho ngokubeka imali emininzi. Kananjalo banokwandisa ilahleko xa bengathinteli ngokuchitha imali. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kuphucula uqoqosho kwithuba elifutshane kodwa kugxininise uqoqosho kwithuba elide ukuba lukhokelela ekunyusweni kwetyala le-federal .
Xa ukucucwa kwentela kufakwe endaweni, kunzima ukurhoxisa. Ngoba? Ukuguqulwa kwentela kunqwenela, kwaye kunempembelelo efanayo, njengokwanda kwentela. Amalungu eCongress abeka umngcipheko wokubuyisela kwakhona xa bexhasa ukunyuswa kweerhafu. Yingakho ukuhlawula intela yaseBush akuzange kuphelelwe yisikhathi.