Isicwangciso soRhumo seRhafu, iiNzuzo zalo, iMpahla kunye neMiphumo

Njani iSicwangciso soRhafu soBulungisa esilungile kuwe

Isicwangciso soRhafu soRhwebo sisisiphakamiso serhafu yokuthengisa ukufaka indawo yesakhiwo sentlawulo yerhafu ye-US yangoku. Iphelisa yonke irhafu yentlawulo yomntu kunye neyeshishini. Iphelisa kwakhona zonke iirhafu kwizipho, iziza, ukuzuza kwemali, ubuncinci bezinye iindlela, ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo, i-Medicare, kunye nokuqeshisa. Iyakuthatha indawo yerhafu yokuthengisa yentengiso yama-23 ekhulwini ukuba ilawulwe ngabaphathi bamatyala karhulumente. Intlawulo yokuthengisa ayiyi kusebenza kwimpahla engeniswayo , iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iimveliso, okanye iimpahla ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Iqela eyaziwa njengeMerika kwiRhafu eRhafayo liphuhlise uMthetho weRhafu weRhafu ka-2003.

I-Tax Tax iyakufuna ukuchithwa kwe-Amendment yesi-16. Kuza kuphazamisa kwaye kuhlawulelwe i-Internal Revenue Service.

Ireyenti yentengiso ye-23 yeepesenti iguqulwa ngenxa yokuba iya kubachaphazela abahluphekayo kakhulu. Ukwenza kube yinkqubela phambili , uMthetho weRhafu weRhafu ucebisa ukuba bonke abemi baseMerika bafumane inyanga nganye . "Ingqungquthela iya kulingana neerhafu yeepesenti ezingama-23 kwiindleko zenyanga zokuhlala kwinqanaba lehlwempu . Iinkonzo, inqanaba lentlupheko kwintsapho yezine yayingama-24,600 e-2018. I-prebate yayiyi-$ 5,658 ngonyaka (ama-0.023 amawaka angama-24,600 amawaka.)

Inzuzo

Inzuzo ecacileyo kukuba kukupheliswa kwentloko yengeniso yenyanga yengeniso kunye neendleko zee-preparers zerhafu. Inkcitho kaRhulumente iya kuncitshiswa ngokususa i-IRS. Abacebisi bathi, kuba abasebenzi begcina i-100 ekhulwini lomvuzo wabo, ukunyuka kwemali yabathengi kuya kubangela ukwanda kwintengo emveliso yasekhaya , imisebenzi, umveliso kunye nemvuzo.

Izifundo ezixhasa iNkxaso yeRhafu

I-Beacon Hill Institute ibalwa ukuba isiseko seRhafu yeRhafu iya kuba ngama-81 ekhulwini ka-2007 GDP, okanye i-$ 11.2 trillion. Ireyenti yentengiso ye-23 yeepesenti iya kuqokelela i-$ 2.6 yezigidigidi ezigidi ezingama-358 zamawaka ezigidi ngaphezulu kweerhafu yengeniso eya kuthatha indawo.

Uphando lusebenzisa kwakhona imodeli ebonisa:

• Ukwanda kweGDP kwe-7.9 ekhulwini ngonyaka 1 ukuya kwi-10.3 yepesenti ngonyaka 25.
• Utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi lwama-74.5 ekhulwini kunyaka 1, ukuya kuma-65.2 ekhulwini aphezulu kunyaka wama-25.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwehla kwehla kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala (iipesenti ezingama-0.6 kunye neepesenti ezingama-0.8) kodwa iipesenti ezi-6 ziphezulu ngonyaka. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kuhanjiswa ngumlinganiselo we-1.7 wepesenti kwimali engenayo.

Iingxaki

I-Tax Tax ingaba yinto engalungile kwabo bangenayo imali engenayo, njengabantu abadala. Kwisizukulwana sokuqala sabantu abadala, kuya kubakho ngokungafanelekanga njengoko behlawula intela yerhafu yonke yobomi babo kwaye kwakufuneka baqale ukuhlawula irhafu yentlawulo ephezulu. Inzuzo yabadala kukuba abayi kuhlawulwa irhafu kwiimali zabo zokurhoxiswa kwi-savings.

I-arhente iya kusadingeka ukuba ithumele ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili, ukulungisa iingxabano kunye nokuqokelela irhafu kwilizwe. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona ukuba ugxininise irhafu kwaye ulandele i-cheaters. Ngokomzekelo, iindleko zoshishino ezisetyenziselwa ukudala imveliso yokugqibela aziyi kuhlawulwa irhafu. Abanikazi bamashishini amancinci bangabhengeza ukuthengwa kweendleko zoshishino ukuphepha intlawulo yokuthengisa. Ukuthotyelwa kunokuba kubi kakhulu ukubeka iliso nokunyanzelisa.

Izifundo ezingayiNkxaso kwiRhafu elungileyo

UWilliam Gale we-Brookings Institute waphawula ukuba i-FairTax ayichanekanga ukubhekisela kwiRhafu yeRhafu njengama-23 ekhulwini.

Ireyithi ngokwenene iipesenti ezingama-30. I-FairTax ichaza irhafu yokuthengisa njenge "$ 0.23 kuyo yonke idola eyichithwe." Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho irhafu ye-0.23 yentlawulo eyongeziweyo kuyo yonke i $ 0.77, kungeyiyo yonke idola, kwaye i-0.23 yeeyure i-30% ye $ 0.77. UGale uphinde uchaze ukuba isantya serhafu siyakudinga ukuba sikhuliswe phezulu. Ngaphandle kwe-IRS ukunquma umvuzo, kuthiwa kufuneka kupheliswe irhafu yengeniso yabo. Oku kulahlekelwa kweengxowa-mali zelizwe kuya kufuna i-tax ye-10 yerhafu yokuthengisa ukuyifaka.

Omnye ama-5 ekhulwini aya kufuneka afakwe ukubuyisela imali evela kulabo baye bacinga indlela yokuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu babeza kuthetha ukuthengwa okungakumbi njengeendleko zoshishino, ezingenakuhlawuliswa.

Ezi zihlomelo ezintathu ziqikelele irhafu yokuthengisa ngama-45 ekhulwini. Ukuba amaMelika ayenempumelelo ngokubhikisha okubandakanya ukutya kunye nokunyamekela kwezempilo kwerhafu, izinga eliphumelelayo lingafikelela kuma-67 ekhulwini.

Izibalo zikaGale zibonisa ukuba iRhafu yeRhafu iya kubangela irhafu ukuba ikhule ngamaphesenti angama-90 kuwo onke amakhaya. Ngubo kuphela kwipesenti ezili-10 eziphezulu zeemali eziza kuhlawulwa irhafu. Abo bangaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-1 baya kufumana umlinganiselo wokuhlawula irhafu we-$ 75,000.

Ukuba iSicwangciso soNgeniso soTshintsho sahlengahlengiswa ngoko ke amakhaya ahlelwa ngamanqanaba okusetyenziswa, ke ezo eziphantsi kweyesibini kwisabelo ziza kuhlawula ngaphantsi, ngelixa abathathu besithathu baya kuhlawula ngaphezulu. Kodwa abo basentla bayeza kuhlawula ngaphantsi, baphinde bathathe irhafu yerhafu malunga ne-$ 75,000.

Kuya kuthinta njani uqoqosho lwe-US?

Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukujonga ngokukhawuleza izibalo kunye nezicamango zesifundo ngasinye, kunzima ukufumanisa indlela iRhafu yeRhafu echaphazela ngayo uqoqosho. Ukuba isenzo soRhafu soBulungisa esele sagqitywa, ukuphunyezwa kuya kufuneka kuphuculwe kwaye kuhlaziywe rhoqo.

Mhlawumbi indlela efanelekileyo kukutshintshwa ngokukodwa kwerhafu yengeniso kwiRhafu yeRhafu. Okanye mhlawumbi ummandla omncinci ungasetyenziselwa njengemarike yokuvavanya ukukhupha iingxaki. Umlinganiselo wenguqu wodwa unokwenza isi sicwangciso singenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba uphando oluninzi lwenziwe. (Imithombo: "Isishwankathelo soPhando olutsha," i-Beacon Hill Institute. "Musa ukuthenga Intlawulo yeZentengiso," i-Brookings Institute, ngoMatshi 1998.)