Ihlabathi Eliyinyaniso Eli-4 Lendlela Yokudala Imisebenzi Engakumbi

by Kimberly Amadeo

Yintoni Esebenza Eyona Miphumo Enhle?

Injongo yazo zonke izicwangciso zokudala amathuba emisebenzi kukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho . Abachumi bavumelana ukuba ukukhula konyaka phakathi kwama-2 ne-3 ekhulwini kuzinzileyo. Kuya kudala imisebenzi engama-150 000 ngenyanga kufuneka iqeshe abasebenzi abatsha abangena kubasebenzi.

Kwizoqoqosho zentengiso yamahhala , urhulumente akafuni ukwenza nantoni na xa ukukhula kuphilile. Ubuncwane boqoqosho bukhuthaza ama shishini amancinci ukuba aphumelele, ngaleyo ndlela adala iindlela ezingcono zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ngenxa yoko, i- akhawunti yamashishini amancinci angama-65 ekhulwini kuwo wonke umsebenzi omtsha owenziwe. Inxaxheba efanelekileyo kaRhulumente kuloqoqosho olusempilweni kukubonelela ngendawo yokuxhasa ukukhula.

Nangona kunjalo uqoqosho olusempilweni luxhomekeke kwimibhobho kunye neebhasi zomjikelezo wezoshishino . Xa uqoqosho luya kumanyaniseka, urhulumente kufuneka enze izixazululo zokungasebenzi . Ingasebenzisa umgaqo-mali wezemali ogqithisiweyo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ophantsi okanye zombini ukukhuthaza ukukhula komsebenzi. Amanye ayenayo imali ephezulu ekudaleni imisebenzi kunezinye. Nazi ezinye ezine ezinika i-bang bang.

01 Ukunciphisa amaRhafu enzala

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo xa i-bhanki enkulu, njenge-Federal Reserve, isebenzisa izixhobo zayo zokukhuthaza uqoqosho. Oku kudla ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni izinga lokunyusa imali ukwenzela ukwandisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali . Isenzo sandisa ukhenketho , ngoko ke kunika amabhanki imali engaphezulu yokuboleka. Ngenxa yoko, ukuboleka kwemali kunye nezinye iirhafu zenzala. Ngetyala elincinci, abathengi banokuboleka kwaye bachithe ngaphezulu, bavumela amashishini ukuba anyuke ukuze ahlangabezane nexabiso elinyukayo. Iinkampani ziqesha abasebenzi abaninzi, abafumana imali yokufumana imali, bavumela ukuba bathenge ngaphezulu.

I-Fed ingaba nokwandisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali ngokunciphisa ukunyusa . Idala inkokhelo ngomoya ococekileyo ukuthenga i-US Treasurys, iziqinisekiso zokubambisa imali kunye nezinye iintlobo zamatyala. I-Fed inamanye amathuluzi amaninzi, afana nokunciphisa umyalelo wesigxina we- federal kunye nokunciphisa izinga kwisithingi esaphulelo.

Oku kufuneka kwenziwe okokuqala xa uqoqosho luya. Kungenxa yokuba izigqibo zingenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwiintlanganiso ze- Federal Open Market C. I-Fed iyakwenza ngokukhawuleza ibeke iintlawulo zama-dollar kwizoqoqosho ngokwenza i-credit ngaphandle kokunyusa ityala le-US.

Ingxaki ebalulekileyo yile yinto yokuba ithembela kumboleko webhanki. Ayikubeka ngokuthe ngqo imali kwiipokethi zabathengi. Ingathatha inyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu ukukhuthaza imfuno.

Akusebenzi emva kokuba uqoqosho olunzima luqhubeka. Kungenxa yokuba ayiyi kuba nemfuno enkulu yokuboleka imali. Ukuba abantu baziva bengenamandla ukuboleka, akukhathazeki ukuba ixabiso lentlawulo ephantsi kangakanani.

Ukuba ukunyuka kwemali kuqhubeka, ke iibhanki azifuni ukuboleka. Kungenxa yokuba izikolo ezibolekisiweyo zesikweletu ziwa. Amabhanki akayi kukulungela ukuthatha imali mboleko embi.

Omnye umxholo kukuba, ukuba ingadluli, ukunyusa umgaqo-mali wezimali kungabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuthintela ukuba kungenzeki, ibhanki ephakathi kufuneka iqale ukuphakamisa amaxabiso ngokukhawuleza ukuphelelwa kwemali.

Ukusebenzisa iiNkonzo zikaRhulumente

Izakhiwo zokwakha kunye namabhuloho yindlela efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi karhulumente. Ifoto: Allan Baxter / Gety Izithombe

IYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts e-Amherst ifunyenwe ukuba yonke imirhumo karhulumente ayilwanga ilinganayo. Iindleko ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zakha iindlela, amabhuloho kunye neminye imisebenzi kawonkewonke. Iibhiliyoni ezigidi zeedola ezichithwe kwimisebenzi karhulumente zenze imisebenzi engama-19,975.

Imisebenzi yoluntu idala imisebenzi kuba ibeka abantu ilungelo lokusebenza. Urhulumente wephondo unokukhawuleza ukuxhaswa ngeeprojekthi zokwakha esele kwipayipi yemvume. Unokuqesha abontrakthi, uthumele imali kumazwe okanye uqeshe abasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo. Esi sizathu esinye isizathu sokuba uMthetho Wokubuyiswa kweMelika kunye nokuThengiswa kweMali ugqityiwe kwiNkundla enkulu yokuPhinda kwakhona ngo-2009.

(Umthombo: "Iimpembelelo Zengqesho Zomsebenzi WezobuGcisa NeziNdlu Zasekhaya", iYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts e-Amherst kwiSebe lezoQoqosho kunye neNkcazo yoPhando lwezoPolitiko, ngo-Oktobha 2007.)

03 Sebenzisa kwiNzuzo yeNgqesho

Isisombululo sesibini esona siphumo-mali sisinzuzo yokungasebenzi. Zonke iibhiliyoni eziyi-1 zeebhilidi ezithengiweyo zenziwe imisebenzi engu-19,000

Iingeniso zengqesho zenza imisebenzi eninzi kangako kuba abangasebenziyo kufuneka bachithe zonke iintlawulo ezifunyenweyo. Bathenga iimfuno ezifana nokutya, iimpahla kunye nezindlu ngokukhawuleza. Abathengisi kunye nabakhiqizi baphendula kwisimfuneko esongezelelweyo ngokuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi ukuba baqhubeke.

Ezi nzuzo zikunceda ukugcina abasebenzi bengabi namakhaya. Kunzima kubo ukufumana umsebenzi xa belahlekelwa idilesi ehleliyo.

Isisombululo sesithathu esisebenzisekayo sisisombululo semfundo. Ngama-dollar ayi-1 yeebhiliyoni esetyenzisiweyo, idale imisebenzi eyi-17,687.

04 Sika iintlawulo zeeNtlawulo, ngokukodwa kwiiHire ezintsha

Ukunciphisa intela kwakha imisebenzi ngokuvumela iintsapho okanye amabhizinisi agcine ngaphezulu kwemali abayifumanayo. Ingcamango kukuba abathengi baya kuthengisa izinto ezininzi, ngaloo ndlela bavuselele imfuno. Amashishini asebenzisa irhafu yokusika imali ukuze aqeshe abasebenzi abalufunayo.

Zonke izicucu zerhafu ayilwanga ngokulinganayo xa kuziwa ekudalweni kwemisebenzi nangona kunjalo. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-Congressional luye lwafumanisa ukuba, umz

Ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo yerhafu kwabakho ngcono. Bakha amathuba emisebenzi engama-13 000 kuwo onke ama-1 billion asetyenzisiweyo. Kungenxa yokuba iinkampani zisebenzisa ulondolozo lwerhafu ngeendlela ezine. Bonke bakwandisa imfuno efunekayo ukuqhuba ukukhula komsebenzi kwezi zizathu ezine ezilandelayo.

Ukunciphisa amaxabiso.
Ukwandisa umvuzo womqeshwa.
Thenga izinto ezininzi.
Ukuqesha abasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo.

Eyona nto ibhetele yintlawulo yokuhlawula irhafu enikwa kuphela ngemisebenzi emitsha . Ngaloo, zonke iibhiliyoni zeedola ezili-1 zadala imisebenzi emitsha eyi-18,000. (Umthombo: "I-Outlook Economic and Choices Policy," i-CBO, Septemba 28, 2010.)

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokuba kutheni abantu abaninzi banqwenela ukunyuka kweerhafu njengendlela efanelekileyo yokudala amathuba emisebenzi, jonga i -Economic -Down Down and Curve Curve .

05 Ngaba ukuTyala koKhuseleko akuyi kudala imisebenzi?

Xa abantu bacinga ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuba urhulumente enze imisebenzi, bathambekele ukucinga ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngokutsho kwe-U Mass / Amherst ke, ukusetyenziswa kwemali kuphela kudala imisebenzi engama-8,555 ngemali eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni ezichithwe.

Oku kufunyaniswa kukumangalisa abantu abaninzi. Bavile ukuba iNew Deal yahluleka. Urhulumente kufuneka adlulisele iMfazwe Yehlabathi II aze aphelise ukuCaluleka okukhulu. Kwakuqondakala emva koko xa ucinga ukuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yayininzi kakhulu kunezibambiso kunokuba iindleko zokuhlaselwa namhlanje. Ngoku, kusetyenziswe ngaphezulu kwiidrones, ii-F-16s kunye neenqwelo zeenqwelo moya ngaphandle kwemivuzo yabasebenzi basejoni. Okwesibini, kwakungekho nzuzo yokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha loKuCaluleka okukhulu, imigca nje yesobho.

Ukufumana okungaphezulu kumandla okudala imisebenzi yenkcitho karhulumente , jonga Iindleko Zinyani zeMfazwe .

06 Xa kusetyenziswe iPolisi yoNgezelelweyo yeMali

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisayo usebenza kakuhle xa uqoqosho luqhubeka okanye luba lukhulu. Ukunciphisa intela kwakha imisebenzi ngokubeka imali ethe ngqo kwiipokethi zabathengi kunye namashishini. Ukuchithwa kwemali kudala imisebenzi ngokuqesha ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi, ukuthumela izivumelwano kumashishini ukuqeshwa abasebenzi okanye ukwandisa inkxaso-mali ukubeka oorhulumente ukuze bangabikho phantsi kwabasebenzi.

Enye ingozi yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kukuba i-legislators ayivumelani nokuba ukunyuswa kweerhafu okanye ukunyuswa kweerhafu kuyasebenza kakhulu. Ingxabano ephumela ekubeni inokulibazisa isenzo.

Enye ingozi kukuba inokunyusa ukulahleka kwebhajethi kunye ne-US ngetyala. Yingakho iCongress kufuneka inqunywe iindleko okanye iphakamise irhafu emva kokudlulela kwemali.

07 I- Job Creation Statistics

Xa ukhangela amanqaku ekudalweni komsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akuyiyo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwe ilinganayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Federal kwimisebenzi kawonkewonke kwakha imisebenzi yokwakha. Oku kuya kunciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokungasebenzi . Akunakho ukuvuselela imfuno eninzi njengoko bekuya kuba nenani elifanayo lemisebenzi ephezulu yokuhlawula i-tech tech tech.

Enyanisweni, imisebenzi eyenziwe emva kokugqithiswa okumbalwa kokugqibela sele ikhokelela ekungalingani okukhulu kwemali . Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi abasebenza ngokutsha baye bazimisele ukuthatha imisebenzi ehlawulwa ngaphantsi. Inqanaba eliphakamileyo labasebenzi abangasetyenziswanga kunye nabangaphangeliyo kulo mhlaba uthetha ukuba le ndlela iya kuqhubeka. Ukubalwa kwamanyathelo-ngenyanga-ngenyanga ukusuka ngo-2008, khangela i- Employment Statistics .

08 Nguwuphi na uMongameli odale iMisebenzi emininzi?

UMongameli uBill Clinton wadala inani elininzi lemisebenzi (21.5 yezigidi) ngexesha lakhe. UMongameli uBarack Obama weza okwesibini, wakha imisebenzi eyi-17.2 yezigidi ukususela ekuqaleni kwekota (ngoJanuwari 2009) ekupheleni.

Kodwa u-Obama wadala imisebenzi engama-22.3 yezigidi ezivela kwingxenyana eyona nto yokukhula (uJanuwari 2010) ukuya ekupheleni kwekota. Kungenxa yokuba kwakukho imisebenzi eminye xa eqala. Ukunyuka kwemali kwaqhubeka phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu zokuqala kwekota. Uqoqosho lwaqhubeka luchitha imisebenzi, lufikelela kwindawo ephantsi ngoJanuwari 2010.