Ukuphulukiswa kunye nokuphulukiswa: Ndiyabonga, Phindela
Ukungabikho komsebenzi kubandakanya abasebenzi abasebenza iiyure ezimbalwa kunokuba babonakala kwintsimi yabo. Bazimisele kwaye banako ukusebenza iiyure ezininzi, kodwa abanako ukufumana ixesha elizeleyo emsebenzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenze imisebenzi emibini yexeshana, ukuze bafezekise.
Ukungabikho komsebenzi ongabonakali kubandakanya abasebenzi kwixesha elizeleyo abangasebenzisanga zonke izakhono zabo. Olu hlobo lokungaphangeli komsebenzi alupheli ukulinganisa. Kufuna uphando olubanzi olufanisa izakhono zabasebenzi kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi. Abasebenzi kaninzi abaqondi ukuba izakhono zabo zingasetyenziswa kwenye indawo. (Umthombo: "Ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi," i-Glossary ye- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development .)
Kukho olunye udidi lwabantu abangaphangeliyo abawela kwisabelo somntu. Nangona bengenawo umsebenzi, ababalwanga phakathi kwabangasebenzi base- US Bureau of Labor Statistics . Ngoba kutheni? I-BLS ibandakanya kuphela abo bafune umsebenzi kwiiveki ezine zokugqibela.
Kunoko, ii-BLS zibabiza ngokuthi "ziqhotyoshelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi ." Baye bafuna umsebenzi ngexesha elithile kunyaka odlulileyo, bangathanda ukusebenza, kwaye bayafumaneka. Kulo qela, kukho iqela elincinane eliye layeka ukukhangela umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
I-BLS ibibiza ngokuthi " badimaze abasebenzi ." Baye bangaphangeli.
Underemployment also kuquka abo basebenzayo ixesha elipheleleyo kodwa bahlala ngaphantsi kwezinga lehlwempu. Okokutsho ngoPaul Osterman, umlawuli-mbumbano we-MIT Sloan Institute for Work and Employment Research. Eli candelo liyaziwa nangokuthi "abahluphekileyo abasebenza." Ngokutsho kwe-Osterman, "Iimarike zabasebenzi azifunanga nje kuphela kumaMerika into ekumele ihambise ngayo." Le nkcazo yokungasebenzi ingabandakanya wonke umntu owenza ngaphantsi kwe-$ 10.50 ngeyure.
(Umthombo: "Iinqanaba ze-Underemployed Qhubeka nokukhula," i-US News kunye neNgxelo yehlabathi, ngo-Oktobha 19, 2011.)
Izizathu
Ukunyuka kwemali kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangelwayo kungabangela ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi. Xa abasebenzi bephezu kwemisebenzi, baya kuthatha nantoni na ukuba bafumane ukuhlawula iindleko.
Utshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lubangela ukungasebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, imishini ye-ATM ithathe indawo yendawo yemfuno yabaninzi bebhanki. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuba zizikhundla zezinga lokungena kwimisebenzi yezemali kunye neebhanki. Ngenxa yoko, ezininzi iinkole zeekholeji eziye zenza iingxowa zemali zithatha oko zinako. Bavusa njengempilo yekhaya, ii-waiters okanye abaqhubi beloli. Ezi zikhundla azitshintshwe kalula ngeteknoloji yekhompyutheni (Umthombo: "1 kwi-2 kwiiKholeji zeeKholeji ezingasebenziyo okanye ezingasebenzi," Care2.com, ngo-Apreli 22, 2012.)
I ziphumo
Imiphumo yokungaphangeli kwemisebenzi ifana neyokungasebenzi. Okokuqala, zombini kubangele ubuhlwempu obuphezulu. Ngaphandle kwengeniso efanelekileyo, iintsapho azizithengi kangako. Oku kunciphisa umfuno wabathengi, ukunciphisa ukukhula koshishino. Ngenxa yoko, umkhiqizo wesizwe esichengileyo uphantsi, njengoko kukukhula komsebenzi. Kuyingozi, kuhla.
Ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka, abasebenzi balahlekelwa ukukwazi ukuhlaziya izakhono zabo ngokuqeqeshwa emsebenzini.
Basenokungakwazi ukubuyela kwintsimi yabo yangaphambili ngaphandle koqeqesho. Abanye baphumelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Abanye banciphisa indlela yabo yokuphila baze bamkele ukungaphangeli kweminyaka emide. Oko kudala ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi .
Abantu abancinci banokufumana ukuba abazange baqale ukuqala emsebenzini wabo. Ukuphoqelelwa ukuthatha imisebenzi engaphantsi kwezakhono zabo, abayifumani kwindlela efanelekileyo. Baye balahlekelwa ngabacebisi abafunekayo ukuze bafumane uxanduva olongezelelweyo oluya kuhlaziya izakhono zabo. Ngethuba lokupheliswa kwemali liphela, bafuna ukuncintisana neqela elitsha labagqibeleleyo kwizikhundla zokungena kwiindawo zabo.
Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ukungaphangeli kwemisebenzi kungabangela ukungabikho kwemibutho yoluntu kunye nogonyamelo. Ngo-2012, enye yesine yabo bonke abaselula eMiddle East babengasebenzi. Enye yezizathu ze-Arab Spring. (Umthombo: "Ubuninzi Bengqesho Ukuhlala Ephakamileyo," i-FT.com, ngoMeyi 21, 2012.)
Ireyithi yokuHlola
I-BLS ithi ayikwazi ukulinganisa ukungasebenzi, njengoko kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa inokulinganisa enye into ebonakalayo yokungabikho komsebenzi. Eli lixesha lexesha leNgxowa-mali yeZizathu zoQoqosho kwi-"Inkcazo yeNkcazo yeNgqesho." Idatha yedolophu, ingxelo ". Ukwaphulukana nabasebenzi abangexesha lesithuba kuba bafumana umsebenzi wexesha linye.
I-BLS ibikela ezinye iinkcazo ngokubanzi zokungasebenzi. Nazi izicwangciso.
U-3. Iyonke ingasebenziyo, njengepesenti yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni. Khangela iNani leNgqesho engekhoyo .
U-4. Abasebenzi abangenamsebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abadimazekile, njengepesenti yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nabasebenzi abadimazekile.
U-5. Inani elingasebenziyo, kunye nabasebenzi abadimazekile, kunye nabo bonke abanye abantu abaqhotyoshelweyo ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi, njengepesenti yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nabo bonke abantu abaqhotyoshelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi.
U-6. Inani elingasebenziyo, kunye nabo bonke abantu abaqhotyoshelweyo ngokubambisene nebasebenzi, kunye kunye nabasebenzi abaqeshwe ngexesha elilodwa ngezizathu zezoqoqosho, njengepesenti yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nabo bonke abantu abaqhotyoshelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi. Khangela izinga langempela lokungasebenzi . (Umthombo: "Itheyibhile A15. Imilinganiselo engafanelekanga yokuSebenza kwabasebenzi," i-BLS.)
Okhutshiwe kunye nokungaxhasi
Ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi kunempembelelo embi kakhulu kulabo abaneekholeji zeekholejini okanye ezigqibeleleyo. I-poll ye-Gallup ka-2012 yabuza i-engeremployyed (eyayiquka ukungasebenzi kwi-survey) ukuba ibale ukuba ingaba ivakalelwa ukuba iyakhula okanye ayikho. Kuthe nje i-half-half of the underemployed bathi, bafaniswa nama-70 ekhulwini abo baqeshwe nabo. Kwakukho ukungafani kwe-17.
Phakathi kwala ma diploma esikolweni esiphakamileyo okanye ngaphantsi, i-41 ekhulwini kuphela bathi bayakhula. Kodwa oku kwaba ngamaqondo angama-10 kuphela phantsi koogxa abaqeshwe nabo. Ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi kunempembelelo enkulu ekuneliseni ukwaneliseka kwabafundi kunabangafundi. (Umthombo: "I-Underemployment Tougher kuma-America aPhakamileyo aMaziko," iGallup Wellbeing, ngoJuni 29, 2011.)