Ngaba uRhulumente Uxoki Ngeengqesho?
I-U-3 iyona nqanaba elisoloko libikwe kumajelo. Kwizinga le-U-3, i- Bureau of Labor Statistics ibala abantu abangenawo imisebenzi abasebenzayo . Ukuze bahlale emsebenzini, kufuneka bafune umsebenzi kwiiveki ezine zokugqibela.
I-U-6, okanye inqanaba lokungabi sebenzi, liquka abasebenzi abangabandakanywanga, abaqhotyoshelweyo kunye nabanxunguliweyo . Ngenxa yoko, phantse kabini ingxelo ye-U-3.
Abantu abangabikho phantsi kwabo basebenzi bexeshana abanokukhetha imisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele. I-BLS ibabala njengabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi.
Abaqhotyoshelwe ngokukhawuleza ngabo bafune umsebenzi kunyaka odlulileyo kodwa kungekhona iiveki ezine ezedlulileyo. Abafaki kwizinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi .
Phakathi kweziqhotyoshelweyo ngokukhawuleza ngabasebenzi abadimazekile . Bayeke ukukhangela umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Bokuba bebuyele esikolweni, bekhulelwe, okanye bakhubazeke. Bangakwazi okanye bangabuyeli kubasebenzi, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zabo. Emva kokuba bengakhange bafune umsebenzi kwiinyanga ezili-12, abababiwe njengokuba banamathele ngokukhawuleza.
Imiba ye-BLS i-U-3 kunye ne-U-6 kwingxelo yenyanga nganye. Okumangalisa kukuba, akukho nkcazelo eninzi yeendaba ehlawulwe kwizinga langempela lokungasebenzi.
Kodwa nangona uwayesakuba nguSihlalo we-Federal Reserve uJanet Yellen uthe udweba umfanekiso ocacileyo wokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi base-US.
I-Formula yangempela yokungabikho kwemisebenzi I-Formula esebenzisa izibalo zangoku
Ngo-Matshi 2018, izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi (U-6) lalingama-8.0 ekhulwini. Phantse kabini inqanaba lokungabikho kwemisebenzi elichazwe ngokubanzi (U-3) le-4.1 ekhulwini.
Nantsi indlela yokubala zombini.
Inyathelo 1. Bala ireyithi yokungasebenzi emsebenzini (U-3).
U-3 = 6.585 yezigidi abangasebenzi abangabasebenzi / 161.763 izigidi zabasebenzi = 4.1 ipesenti.
Inyathelo 2. Hlanganisa nabasebenzi abathintekayo. Kukho abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,454 abaqhotyoshelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi. Yongeza oku kubini inani labangasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi.
U-5 = (6.585 yezigidi + 1.454 izigidi) / (161.763 izigidi + 1.454 izigidi) = 8.039 izigidi / 163.217 izigidi = 4,9 ekhulwini.
Inyathelo 3. Yongeza kwabasebenzi bexeshana. Kwakukho abantu abayi-5.019 yezigidi abasebenzisana nexeshana kodwa babekhetha umsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele. Yongeza kubo abangasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abasecaleni. Basele basebenze.
U-6 = (8.039 yezigidi + 5.019 yezigidi) / (163.217 yezigidi) = 13.058 izigidi / 163.217 yezigidi = 8.1 pesenti. (Umthombo: "Uluhlu lwe-A-15," i-Bureau of Labor Statistics.)
Thelekisa iNani leNyathelo lokuNgasebenzi
Ukubeka izinto ngendlela ebonakalayo, nantoni yezinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lilingana nomlinganiselo wangempela ukususela ngo-1994. Ngomnyaka wokuqala i-BLS iqokele idatha kwi-U-6. Iirhafu ezinikwe zi-Januwari ngamnye ngonyaka. Ukubona ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ukususela ngowe-1929, iya kwi- Unemployment Rate ngonyaka .
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isantya esisemthethweni sincinci ngaphezu kwesigamu sexabiso langempela.
Oku kuyenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba uqoqosho luqhuba njani. Nangona ngo-2000, xa izinga elisemthethweni ngaphantsi kwezinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi likwi -4,5 ekhulwini, izinga langempela laliphantse kabini, kwi-7.1%. Ngo-2010, xa isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi sasiphezulu kwi-9,8 ekhulwini, izinga langempela lalingaphinda liphindwe kabini, ngama-16.7 ekhulwini.
| Unyaka (ngoJanuwari) | U3 (olusemthethweni) | U6 (Real) | U3 / U6 | Amazwana |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 6.6% | 11.8% | 56% | Unyaka wokuqala i-BLS ibike u-U6 |
| 1995 | 5.6% | 10.2% | 55% | |
| 1996 | 5.6% | 9.8% | 57% | |
| 1997 | 5.3% | 9.4% | 56% | |
| 1998 | 4.6% | 8.4% | 55% | |
| 1999 | 4.3% | 7.7% | 56% | |
| 2000 | 4.0% (iNgxelo ephantsi) | 7.1% | 56% | Imarike yesitokisi yahlaselwa ngo-Matshi |
| 2001 | 4.2% | 7.3% | 58% | |
| 2002 | 5.7% | 9.5% | 60% | U3 e kufuphi no-U6 |
| 2003 | 5.8% | 10.0% | 58% | |
| 2004 | 5.7% | 9.9% | 58% | |
| 2005 | 5.3% | 9.3% | 57% | |
| 2006 | 4.7% | 8.4% | 56% | |
| 2007 | 4.6% | 8.4% | 55% | |
| 2008 | 5.0% | 9.2% | 54% | |
| 2009 | 7.8% | 14.2% | 55% | Iphakamileyo ye-10.2% ngo-Oktobha |
| 2010 | 9.8% | 16.7% | 59% | |
| 2011 | 9.1% | 16.2% | 56% | |
| 2012 | 8.3% | 15.2% | 55% | |
| 2013 | 8.0% | 14.5% | 55% | |
| 2014 | 6.6% | 12.7% | 52% | |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 11.3% | 50% | |
| 2016 | 4.9% | 9.9% | 49% | Bobabini babuyela kumanqanaba angaphambi komnotho |
| 2017 | 4.8% | 9.4% | 51% | |
| 2018 | 4.4% | 8.2% | 50% |
Inqaku kukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhathanisa iiapulo kwiipulo. Ukuba uthe urhulumente ulele ngexesha loqoqosho, ngoko kufuneka wenze ingxabano efanayo xa amaxesha amnandi. (Umthombo: "Itheyibhuli A-1. Idatha yeMbali yeZembali," i-Bureau of Labor Statistics.)
Isingeniso sokwenyuka kweNgqesho asizange sibi nakwixesha loxinzelelo
Isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha loPhulo oluKhulu luyi- 25 ekhulwini. Izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi labalinganiswa ngokulandelelana emva koko, kodwa oku kwenzeka ukuba kufana nezinga langempela namhlanje. Ingaba inqanaba langempela lokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha loLuntu oluPhambili luye lwafikelela kuloo nqanaba? Nangona kukho abantu abaninzi bathi, ukubalwa okulula kubonisa oku akunjalo.
Ngo-Oktobha 2009, izinga lokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi (U-3) lifinyelele ukuphakama kwepesenti ezi-10.2. Kwakukho izigidi ezili-157 ezingasebenzi kwi-153.98 yezigidi zabasebenzi. Ukongeza kwi-2.4 yezigidi eziqhotyoshelwe ngokukhawuleza, kuquka nabasebenzi abayi-808,000 abadangelekileyo, kwaye ufumana u-U-5 isilinganiso sama-11,6 ekhulwini. Bese ukongeza kwi-9.3 yezigidi zabasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo abakhetha ixesha elizeleyo, kwaye ufumana u-U-6 isilinganiso sama-17.5 ekhulwini. Oku kunika ingqondo engcono ye-2009 yokungasebenzi.
Ngoko ke, nangona usolulela inkcazo yabangasebenzi ukubandakanya abasebenzi abathintekayo kunye nabasebenzi bexeshana, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwakungazange kubekho kakubi njengokuba kukho ukuphakama kokuPhukisa kweNdlu . Kodwa, ukungasebenzi kwakungekho okuphakamileyo kulo lonke uxinzelelo, oluyiminyaka eyi-10 . Ukuba ufuna ukukwenza le nkundla, ungatsho ukuba ukungaqeshwa kwangempela ekuphakameni kweRest Recession kwakuphezulu njengokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha leengxowankulu zengcinezelo enkulu .