Umlando wezinga lokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi base-US
Inani eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi yase-US lalingama-24.9 ekhulwini ngo-1933 .
Ukungasebenzi kwabangaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-14 ukususela ngo-1931 ukuya ku-1940. Ukungasebenzi kwahlala kwidijithi enye ukuya ku-1982 xa kufika i-10,8 ekhulwini. Isingeniso sonyaka sokungabikho kwemisebenzi safikelela kwi-9,9 ekhulwini ngo-2009, ngexesha loKhuseleko oluKhulu .
Isantya sokungaphangeli kwemisebenzi esona sezantsi sasiyi-1.2 ekhulwini ngowe-1944. Unokucinga ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ayikwazi ukuthotywa kakhulu, kodwa kunako. Ngaphandle koqoqosho olusempilweni, kufuneka kubekho izinga lokungasebenzi . Kungenxa yokuba abantu bahamba ngaphambi kokuba bafumane umsebenzi omtsha, bafumana umsebenzi ophuculweyo, okanye baqale ukukhangela umsebenzi kwaye balinde de kube bafumana umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Nangona izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lingama-4 ekhulwini, kunzima ukuba iinkampani zikhule ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukufumana abasebenzi abalungileyo.
Ukungahambi kwemisebenzi kuhambelana nomjikelezo wezoshishino . Ukukhula okucothayo kubangela ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ephezulu. . Njengoko umkhiqizo wekhaya owenyukayo uyancipha, amashishini anqumla abasebenzi.
Ngenzuzo, abasebenzi abangenamsebenzi banokuchitha imali encinci. Ukuchitha imali yabathengi abancinci kunciphisa intlawulo yoshishino. Okubangela ukuba iinkampani zinqumle ukuhlawula ngaphezulu ukuhlawula iindleko. Lo mjikelezo ophantsi ungonakalisa.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi sisalathisi sokungena. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyaqhubeka iyadala nangona emva kokukhula koqoqosho kuphucula.
Iinkampani ezithemba ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi emva kokuba ziqiniseke ukukhula kusemgangathweni.
Xa izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lifikelela kuma-6 ekhulwini, amanyathelo karhulumente asebenzayo. I-Federal Reserve isebenzisa umgaqo-mali wezandiso kunye nokwehlisa izinga leemali . Ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka, iCongress isebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Iyakwazi ngokudala imisebenzi kwimisebenzi yoluntu yoluntu. Inokuphinda ivuselele imfuno ngokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezingenamsebenzi . Fumana okunye malunga nezisombululo zengqesho .
I- Bureau of Labor Statistics iye yalinganisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ukususela ngo-1929. Yingakho itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngamnye kunyaka ukususela kwe- market engozini ye-1929 . Ukuthelekisa ukungasebenzi kwonyaka kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nemali unikeza umfanekiso opheleleyo wento osebenzayo noko kungenjalo.
Izinga lokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi base-US ngonyaka othelekiswa noKukhula kweGDP, i-Inflation kunye neMicimbi emikhulu
| Unyaka | Izinga lokungasebenzi (Disemba) | Ukukhula kweGDP | Ixabiso lemali (umnyaka we-Disemba-nyaka-nyaka) | Kweneke ntoni |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.2% | N / A | 0.6% | Ukuhlaselwa kwemarike |
| 1930 | 8.7% | -8.5% | -6.4% | Smoot-Hawley |
| 1931 | 15.9% | -6.4% | -9.3% | I-Bowl Bowl |
| 1932 | 23.6% | -12.9% | -10.3% | Iholo likaHoover |
| 1933 | 24.9% | -1.3% | 0.8% | I-IDR entsha |
| 1934 | 21.7% | 10.8% | 1.5% | Ukudandatheka kukunciphisa ngenxa yeNew Deal. |
| 1935 | 20.1% | 8.9% | 3.0% | |
| 1936 | 16.9% | 12.9% | 1.4% | |
| 1937 | 14.3% | 5.1% | 2.9% | Ukuchitha imali |
| 1938 | 19.0% | -3.3% | -2.8% | I-FLSA iqalisa umvuzo wemaminithi |
| 1939 | 17.2% | 8.0% | 0% | Imbalela iphelile |
| 1940 | 14.6% | 8.8% | 0.7% | Isilathisi se-US |
| 1941 | 9.9% | 17.7% | 9.9% | ipheli yehabha |
| 1942 | 4.7% | 18.9% | 9.0% | Ukhuselo oluphindwe kathathu |
| 1943 | 1.9% | 17.0% | 3.0% | Jamani i nikela |
| 1944 | 1.2% | 8.0% | 2.3% | Bretton Woods |
| 1945 | 1.9% | -1.0% | 2.2% | IMfazwe iphelile. Umvuzo werhafu .40 |
| 1946 | 3.9% | -11.6% | 18.1% | UMthetho wezeNgqesho |
| 1947 | 3.9% | -1.1% | 8.8% | ISicwangciso seMarshall |
| 1948 | 4.0% | 4.1% | 3.0% | UTruman wachaza kwakhona |
| 1949 | 6.6% | -0.5% | -2.1% | Deal Deal. NATO |
| - 1950 | 4.3% | 8.7% | 5.9% | Imfazwe yaseKorea . Umvuzo werhafu .75 |
| 1951 | 3.1% | 8.1% | 6.0% | Ukwandiswa |
| 1952 | 2.7% | 4.1% | 0.8% | Ukwandiswa |
| 1953 | 4.5% | 4.7% | 0.7% | Imfazwe yaseKorea iphelile |
| 1954 | 5.0% | -0.6% | -0.7% | UDow ubuyele kwinqanaba le-1929 |
| 1955 | 4.2% | 7.1% | 0.4% | Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwawa |
| 1956 | 4.2% | 2.1% | 3.0% | Umvuzo omncinci we $ 1.00 |
| 1957 | 5.2% | 2.1% | 2.9% | Ukubuyisela |
| 1958 | 6.2% | -0.7% | 1.8% | |
| 1959 | 5.3% | 6.9% | 1.7% | Ukwandiswa. |
| 1960 | 6.6% | 2.6% | 1.4% | Ukubuyisela. |
| 1961 | 6.0% | 2.6% | 0.7% | JFK . Umvuzo omncinci we $ 1.15 |
| 1962 | 5.5% | 6.1% | 1.3% | Inkathazo yeMangele yaseCuban |
| 1963 | 5.5% | 4.4% | 1.6% | LBJ . Umvuzo omncinci we $ 1.25 |
| 1964 | 5.0% | 5.8% | 1.0% | Ukunqunyulwa kweRhafu |
| 1965 | 4.0% | 6.5% | 1.9% | IMfazwe yaseVietnam |
| 1966 | 3.8% | 6.6% | 3.5% | Ukwandiswa |
| 1967 | 3.8% | 2.7% | 3.0% | Umvuzo omncinci we $ 1.40 |
| 1968 | 3.4% | 4.9% | 4.7% | Umvuzo omncinci we $ 1.60 |
| 1969 | 3.5% | 3.1% | 6.2% | U-Nixon wathatha isikhundla |
| 1970 | 6.1% | 0.2% | 5.6% | Ukubuyisela |
| 1971 | 6.0% | 3.3% | 3.3% | UMthetho wezeNgqesho ongxamisekileyo. Ulawulo lwexabiso lomvuzo |
| 1972 | 5.2% | 5.2% | 3.4% | Stagflation . |
| 1973 | 4.9% | 5.6% | 8.7% | CETA. Umgangatho wegolide , iMfazwe yaseVietnam iphelile |
| 1974 | 7.2% | -0.5% | 12.3% | Watergate. Umvuzo omncinci we-2.00 |
| 1975 | 8.2% | -0.2% | 6.9% | Ukuzibuyisela kuphelile. |
| 1976 | 7.8% | 5.4% | 4.9% | Ukwandiswa. |
| 1977 | 6.4% | 4.6% | 6.7% | UCarter waqala ukusebenza. |
| 1978 | 6.0% | 5.6% | 9.0% | Ixabiso eliphakanyisiweyo liphakanyisiwe kwi-20% ukuyeka ukunyuka kwamaxabiso |
| 1979 | 6.0% | 3.2% | 13.3% | |
| 1980 | 7.2% | -0.2% | 12.5% | Ukubuyisela |
| 1981 | 8.5% | 2.6% | 8.9% | Reagan tax cut. Umvuzo omncinci $ 3.35 |
| 1982 | 10.8% | -1.9% | 3.8% | Umthetho weJob. Umthetho weGarn-St.Germain. |
| 1983 | 8.3% | 4.6% | 3.8% | Reagan yandisa imali yezempi |
| 1984 | 7.3% | 7.3% | 3.9% | |
| 1985 | 7.0% | 4.2% | 3.8% | Ukwandiswa |
| 1986 | 6.6% | 3.5% | 1.1% | Ukunciphisa intela |
| 1987 | 5.7% | 3.5% | 4.4% | NgoMvulo ngoMnyama |
| 1988 | 5.3% | 4.2% | 4.4% | Ixabiso eliphakanyisiweyo eliphakamileyo |
| 1989 | 5.4% | 3.7% | 4.6% | Inkathazo ye-S & L |
| 1990 | 6.3% | 1.9% | 6.1% | Ukubuyisela |
| 1991 | 7.3% | -0.1% | 3.1% | Iqhwithi Lentlango. Umvuzo omncinci $ 4.25 |
| 1992 | 7.4% | 3.6% | 2.9% | NAFTA i qulunqwe |
| 1993 | 6.5% | 2.7% | 2.7% | UMthetho oHloniphekileyo woLwabiwo-mali |
| 1994 | 5.5% | 4.0% | 2.7% | Umthetho woMsebenzi weSikolo |
| 1995 | 5.6% | 2.7% | 2.5% | Ukwandiswa |
| 1996 | 5.4% | 3.8% | 3.3% | Ukuhlaziywa kweentlalo |
| 1997 | 4.7% | 4.5% | 1.7% | Umvuzo omncinci wama-5.85 |
| 1998 | 4.4% | 4.5% | 1.6% | I-LTCM |
| 1999 | 4.0% | 4.7% | 2.7% | Yurophu . I-airstrike yaseSerbian |
| 2000 | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.4% | I-NASDAQ ithatha irekhodi eliphezulu. |
| 2001 | 5.7% | 1.0% | 1.6% | Ukutyunjwa kwentlawulo yaseBhus . 9/11 ukuhlaselwa |
| 2002 | 6.0% | 1.8% | 2.4% | Imfazwe kwiSibetho |
| 2003 | 5.7% | 2.8% | 1.9% | JGTRRA |
| 2004 | 5.4% | 3.8% | 3.3% | Ukwandiswa. |
| 2005 | 4.9% | 3.3% | 3.4% | Umthetho weBhanki . Katrina |
| 2006 | 4.4% | 2.7% | 2.5% | Ukwandiswa. |
| 2007 | 5.0% | 1.8% | 4.1% | I-EU yaba ngowomnotho # #. |
| 2008 | 7.3% | -0.3% | 0.1% | Min. Umvuzo = $ 6.55 / iyure. Inkathazo yezemali |
| 2009 | 9.9% | -2.8% | 2.7% | ARRA . Umvuzo omncinci $ 7.25. Iingeniso ezingenamsebenzi zandiswa |
| 2010 | 9.3% | 2.5% | 1.5% | Ukwaphulwa kwentlawulo ka-Obama . Imfazwe yaseIraq iphelile |
| 2011 | 8.5% | 1.6% | 3.0% | Iinyanga ezingama-26 zokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi ngoJulayi. Inkxalabo yokufakwa kwetyala . |
| 2012 | 7.9% | 2.2% | 1.7% | QE . Umyinge weminyaka eyi-10 kwiminyaka engama-200 ephantsi . Inkcazo yezimali . |
| 2013 | 6.7% | 1.7% | 1.5% | Amasheya angama-30%. Ixesha elide = 50% abangasebenzi. |
| 2014 | 5.6% | 2.6% | 0.8% | Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kumazinga ka-2007. |
| 2015 | 5.0% | 2.9% | 0.7% | Umgangatho wendalo |
| 2016 | 4.7% | 1.5% | 2.1% | Uhlanga lomongameli |
| 2017 | 4.1% | 2.9% | 2.1% | I dollar i buthathaka |
Izixhobo zoLuhlu
- BLS, izinga lokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngonyaka. Idata ngaphambi kowe-1948 livela kwi-"Force Force, Employment and Unemployment, 1929-1939: Iindlela zokulinganisela."
- I-BEA, iNgeniso kaZwelonke kunye nemiSebenzi yeeAkhawunti zeMveliso: Itheyibhile 1.1.5. I-GDP yegama, iThebhile 1.1.1. I-GDP Growth Rate
- Iimali zeMali zeNgxowa-mali
- Imbali yeDow yokuvala Umyinge
- Ukubuyisela Imbali
- Imbali yeGold Standard
- Imbali yeRIBOR
- Ulwabiwo-mali lwembali
- BLS, Ixabiso leMali yeMali
- I-InfoPlease, i-US Headlines ngonyaka
- Ikholeji yasePol Poly, ixesha elide lokuCaluleka okukhulu
- Staffing.com, Isikhathi sokungasebenzi