Xa abaninzi bethu bacinga ngobusela bokuba yiyo, into yokuqala esiyicinga ngayo ngamakhadi ethu ekwereta. Abo baye bafumana amakhadi abo okuthenga ngetyala ngamakholeji bakholelwa ukuba baxhoba lobusela besazisi. Nangona ukukhwabanisa kwekhadi lokuthenga ikhredithi luhlobo lolwaphulo lobunikazi , ngokwenene alukho uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokusela. Olu hlobo lobuqhetseba lubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthatha i-akhawunti," phakathi kweengcali zokhuseleko, kwaye kwenzeka xa ulwaphulo-mthetho ithatha i-akhawunti ekhoyo.
Ukuba umntu unekhadi lekhadi lakhe lesikweletu, kufuneka axele nayiphi na ilahleko eyaziwayo ebhankini ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo kungakapheli iintsuku ezingama-60 zesiganeko. Oku kuvumela ukuba imali elahlekileyo ibuyiselwe kwi-akhawunti. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenziwa ngeeyure ukuya kwiintsuku.
Uhlobo lokutshitshiswa kobunikazi oluyingozi kakhulu kwixhoba xa ulwaphulo-mthetho luvula i-akhawunti entsha kwigama lexhoba. Olu hlobo lokutshintsha ubunikazi lubizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthi "i- fraud entsha ye-akhawunti ". Ezi akhawunti azixhunyiwe kuphela kwinombolo ye-Social Security yexhoba; idibaniswa nembali yesikweletu sexhoba. Ekubeni siphila kwilizwe elixhaswa ngetyala, sigwetywa ngabaqeshi, ababolekisi, kunye nabatshutshisi ngokusekelwe kulo mlando. La maxhoba angabonwa ngenyameko, kwaye banokuphika i-inshurensi, ingqesho kunye nekhredithi, nangona kwakungekho ngokwenene abadala umba.
Kufuneka sonke siqaphele ukuba ubusela bokuba ubunikazi abuyinto kuphela eyenzekayo kubantu ngabanye, kunokuthi kwenzeke kubantu abakwiqela.
Amabhanki, abathengisi, iinkampani zekhadi zekhredithi, abacebisi bezezimali, izibhedlele, iinkampani zomshuwalense kunye nabathengisi bonke baye bachaphazeleka ngokukhwabanisa kunye nokweba . Kweminye yale mibutho, kuyinto engathintekiyo ukujongana nale nto, kunye nabanye, yinto nje yeyona nkampani. Ininzi yale mibutho inemiqolo emininzi yokhuseleko, kodwa zonke iithagethi kunye nemiqathango yazo yokujongana nayo.
Ngelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, umbutho ngamnye uhlangabezana nokuhlala rhoqo: umthengi wabo yingxenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yabo.
Uninzi lwabantu lukukhwabanisa i-scammers kubo nokuba ingaba bayayiqonda okanye ayiyi. Bangase bavule umnyango wokuba lixhoba le-imeyli yokuphangisa okanye kwiwebhusayithi ye-spoofed. Kananjalo banokungaphumeleli ukuhlaziya okanye ukukhusela iikhompyutheni zabo, basenokungakhuseli ukuxhumeka kwabo abangenawucingo, okanye bangenzi izinto ezinjengokuqhawula amaxwebhu abalulekileyo okanye ukugcina amaninzi kwizikhwama zabo. Ubuqhetseba buya kuphucuka kuba abantu ngokubanzi bayayijongela ukhuseleko lwabo ngokwabo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho imiphumo kubaxhoba balaphulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye ibali likaLarry Smith linye esifanele siyazi kwaye siyiqonde. Malunga neminyaka eyi-17 eyadlulayo, uLarry Smith oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala waba lixhoba leelasela elingu-Joseph Kidd. Ngoxa wayesebenzisa igama elithi Larry Smith, u-Kidd wabanjwa. Wathunyelwa entolongweni, wadibana, waza waqokelela izinzuzo ezifana ne-Medicare nentlalo-ntle, ngelixa esebenzisa igama elithi Larry Smith. Watshata njengoLarry Smith.
Okwangoku, ukusuka kude, u-Larry Smith wayejongene nezenzo zikaDidd. Kwafuneka achithe iintsuku ezisibhozo entolongweni ngenxa yezobugebengu zikaKidd, kwaye wayenemingcwabo yakhe ekhaya, walahlekelwa ilayisenisi yakhe yokuqhuba, kwaye wayenqatshelwe nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ... konke ngenxa yokuba wayexhoba lobusela.
Abanye abantu bayazibuza, "Kutheni umntu efuna ukuntshontsha? Andinayo imali. "Kodwa, uLarry Smith wayengenayo imali. Omnye unokucinga, "Ndinekhredithi embi. Akukho mntu angafuna ubungqina bam. "Kwakhona, uLarry Smith wayekuloo meko. Abantu banokucinga, "Andiyisebenzisi amakhadi-mboleko, andinakho ikhompyutha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mntu uya kufuna ukuba ndiziwa. "Cinga ngo Larry Smith.
Oku kulula ukuba ubomi bomntu bubonakaliswe. Ihamba ngaphaya kwekhompyutheni enekratshi okanye ikhadi lekhredithi liye lahleka. Iziganeko zikaLarry Smith ngumzekelo wokwebiwa kwenene.
Yiyiphi eyiyo i-Identity wiba?
Ngoko, unokuzibuza ukuba iingcali zichonga njani ukwebiwa kwezinto ? I-Federal Trade Commission ichaza ubusela bokuba ngumntu olandelayo:
Ubalo bokuba ngumntu xa umntu usebenzisa ulwazi, njengeNombolo yoKhuseleko loLuntu, lomnye umntu ukuba enze into engekho mthethweni, njengokwenziwa ngobuqhetseba.
Ngokomzekelo, isela lokungena, lingavulwa ikariti entsha yekhredithi kwigama lomnye umntu. Xa eli lila lingalihlawuli iindleko emva kokuya kwintengiso, ityala ligqityiwe ekugqibeleni ingxelo kwingxelo yemboleko yexhoba. La masela angazama kwakhona ukuthatha iakhawunti yekhadi lesikweletu kwaye aqale ukwenza iindleko kuwo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, la masela aya kwenza izinto ezifana nokuqhagamshelana nenkampani yekhadi lesikweletu ukutshintsha idilesi yokuthengisa kwiakhawunti yabo ukuze ugweme ukufunyanwa yixhoba. Basenokuthatha imali-mboleko egameni lomnye umntu okanye ukubhala ukuhlola ngokusebenzisa igama lomntu kunye nenombolo ye-akhawunti. Basenokusebenzisa le ngcaciso ukufikelela nokudlulisa imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki, okanye banokuthi bathathe ngokupheleleyo i-ident identity of a victim. Kule meko, banokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhanki, bathenge imoto, bafumane amakhadi wesikweletu, bathenge ikhaya, okanye bafumane umsebenzi ... bonke ngokusebenzisa ubunikazi bomnye umntu.
Phantse njalo, ukubiwa kwezozisi kubandakanya isikhungo semali, nokuba ibhanki, umboleki okanye inkampani yekhadi lesikweletu. Ngoba? Ngenxa yile ndawo apho imali ikhona, kwaye yilapho bayazi khona ukuba bangayifumana imali ngokungabi nantoni na. Kukho iindlela ezininzi amasela asetyenziswayo ukufikelela kule nkcazelo, kwaye akusiyo yonke into ephezulu. Kunoko, amaninzi amaninzi asebenzisa iindlela "eziphantsi kwe-tech", ezifana nokuhamba ngotshwala okanye ukulahla umyalelo omtsha wokutshekisha. Ngamanye amaxesha, la maseva azama ukukhohlisa amaxhoba abo ukuze athole ulwazi. Enye indlela abenza ngayo ngoku kukubiza iibhanki nokuzibiza njengexhoba, okanye banokuqhagamshelana namaxhoba, ngokwabo. La masela asebenzisa ngokunjalo iimeko. Ngokomzekelo, xa unyaka ushintshile ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2000, bekukho ukwesaba okukhulu malunga ne-computer ye-Y2K. Kule meko, abo bahlaseli babiza ukuba bangamaxhoba kwaye bazenza ngathi bevela ebhankini. Batsho ixhoba ukuba bafuna ulwazi malunga neakhawunti yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abayi kuba nexhala malunga noshintsho kunyaka.
Kukho, ewe, iindlela ezininzi ezifumanekayo zokufumana ulwazi lwezemali ngenjongo yobalo besazisi. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amasela asebenzisa indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhwabanisa." Kule meko, baya kufaka ikhamera encinane okanye ifowuni yokutshekisha malunga nabafundi bekhadi lesikweletu okanye ii-ATM. Xa ixhoba litshiza amakhadi abo, njengokuba ifumana igesi kwisiteshini segesi, isixhobo sifunda ikhadi kwaye sigcina ulwazi. Xa isela likwazi ukufikelela kule nkcazelo, banokuyibuyisela kwakhona le ngcaciso kwikhadi le-dummy elinamacwecwe kunye nelogos, ekhangeleka njengekhadi lesikweletu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengekhadi lesikweletu. Ngoko, isela alidingi ukuba nekhadi langempela lexhoba, lifuna kuphela ulwazi.
Kulabo ababa maxhoba ekubanjweni kwezazisi, iindleko zikhulu kwaye iinwele zihlala zinyanga, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iminyaka, ilandela isiganeko. La masela angakwazi ukuqhuba amashumi amawaka eedola zamatyala abo, kwaye nangona ixhoba lingahlawulwanga ngetyala, kusekho nemiphumo emibi. Ngokomzekelo, iimbali zemboleko zexhoba zixhaphazwa kakubi, kwaye kufuneka zichithe iiyure ezininzi, iintsuku, iinyanga, kunye neminyaka echasa iibhili kunye nolwazi. Ngaphezu koko, ngelixa ixhoba lizama ukujongana nemiphumela, banokuphikiswa ngenxa yeemali zokubolekwa kwemali, ukubolekwa kwemali-mboleko, kwanomsebenzi. Ingxelo embi kwingxelo yemboleko inokuthintela umntu ukuba avule i-akhawunti yasebhanki, ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvula xa ezinye i-akhawunti zabo zihlaselwa. Nangemva kokuba iindleko zokuqala zinyamekelwa, amatyala amasha kunye nokumangalelwa kungabonakala naliphi na ixesha kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, nokuba neminyaka.
Nangona kungekho manani apheleleyo malunga nokuba ulwaphulo lobunikazi obuqhelekileyo, idatha esinazo ukufikelela kuyo ibonisa ukuba uye kwanda kwimihla embalwa edlulayo.
Ukubiwa kwezobambiso zemali ngokwenene akunjalo uhlobo lokutshintshwa kwezazisi; kunoko, sisiphumo sobusela besazisi. Kwenzeka emva kokuba ulwazi lomntu, okanye i-identity, sele luye lwacatshiswa. Ngokukhawuleza xa isela lifikelela kwinombolo yoKhuseleko loLuntu, umhla wokuzalwa, igama, inombolo yefowuni, idilesi, inombolo ye-akhawunti yebhanki, i-PIN, iphasiwedi, debit, okanye ikhadi lekhredithi, bangasebenzisa ulwazi ukuvula i-akhawunti entsha okanye ukuthatha akhawunti ekhoyo.
ILizwi Lobuqhetseba
Kwakhona kufuneka sihlale silumkele ukukhwabanisa . I-SEC isebenzisa olu hlobo lobuqhetseba njengoluhlobo lwesiganeko sokutsalwa kwemali-mali esithatha amalungu eqela elithile, njengalezo zizwe ezithile okanye iindawo zenkcubeko, iqela lobuchwepheshe, okanye nakwabadala.
Izigwenxa ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhamla iziqhelo zivame ukuba ngamalungu ala maqela, okanye ubuncinane bazenzele. Ngokuqhelekileyo baya kufutshane neenkokeli zala maqela, kwaye basebenzise ukuxelela amanye amalungu eqela malunga neskimu. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuthi kube yithuba lotyalo-mali, kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho luya kwenza ukuba utyalo-mali lubonakale ngathi lufanelekile kwaye luvumelekile. Iinkokeli ziza kuthiwa amanye amalungu eqela malunga nale mali-mali, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uyazi, bonke bathengayo.
Ezi nkathazo zithatha ubuhlobo kunye nethemba eliye laphuhliswa kula maqela, kwaye lixhaphaze ngokupheleleyo. Ekubeni le nto inokuba iqela elinamandla, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuthotyelwa komthetho okanye abalawuli ukuba bazi ukuba uhlaselo luqhubeka. Ngaphezulu koku, amaxhoba nawo ayanqikaza ukwazisa abaphathi xa beba lixhoba, kwaye endaweni yoko bazame ukwenza izinto phakathi kwabo.
Uninzi lwezigameko zibandakanya ama-pyramid schemes, okanye "i-Ponzi", apho umtyalo-mali omtsha uza kuhlawula "ebhodweni," kwaye le mali isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula abatyala-mali bangaphambili. Oku kunika ukukholelwa ukuba utsalo-mali luhlawula. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa abatyale-mali abatsha ukuba banokholo kutyalo-mali, kwaye yindlela ekhuselekile nekhuselekileyo yokutyala imali yabo. Okwenyani, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luphantse luba le mali ukuze isebenzise. Olu hlobo loqhwaba luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekubeni luncedo olungapheliyo lwabatyalo-mali abatsha, nangona kunjalo, kwaye xa le nkonzo itshabalalisa, isiqalo sonke siya kuqubuka ... kwaye abantu abatyalile kwisikimu bafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabo, ukuba awunabo bonke imali ihambe.