Njani kwaye Kutheni Babesebenzisa E-United States, EYurophu naseGrisi
Oorhulumente akwenzeki ukuba asebenzise amanyathelo engqongqo ngaphandle kokuba enyanzelekile ukwenza njalo ngeemarike ezibophelelweyo okanye abanye ababolekisi. Kungenxa yokuba le miqathango isebenza njengomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Oku kwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuphakamisa imali efunekayo yokuhlawula ityala elimele.
Amanyathelo okulungelelanisa adinga utshintsho kwinkqubo karhulumente:
- Ukunciphisa imiqathango yokungenelwa kwemisebenzi.
- Ukwandisa ixesha lokufaneleka lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kunye neenkonzo zonyango.
- Ukunciphisa umvuzo womqeshwa karhulumente, iinzuzo kunye neeyure.
- Cwangcisa iinkqubo zabampofu.
Amanyathelo okulungelelanisa nawo afaka nokuhlaziywa kweerhafu:
- Khuphula irhafu yengeniso, ingakumbi kwizityebi.
- Ukhwabaniso lwerhafu oluthile kunye nokukhutshwa kweerhafu.
- Ukuncedisa amabhizinisi karhulumente. La maxesha amaninzi amashishini acatshangelwa kubalulekile kwimfuno kaRhulumente. Ziquka iinkonzo, ukuthutha, kunye nokuthungelwano. Ukuzithengisa kuya kuphakamisa imali yokuhlawula ityala.
- Ukwandisa irhafu yongeziweyo.
Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ukunciphisa imiqathango ukunciphisa iindleko zoshishino. Bafuna oorhulumente ukuba:
- Susa ezinye zokukhusela ukupheliswa kokungalungi.
- Ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa umvuzo omncinci .
- Ukwandisa iiyure zabasebenzi.
Amanyathelo okulungelelanisa awanakuquka zonke ezi tshintsho.
Kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zelizwe.
Kutheni amazwe avumelana neMilinganiselo yokuSungula
Amazwe asebenzisa amanyathelo amanyathelo okukhusela i- debt debt crisis. Yilapho abathengi banenkxalabo yokuba ilizwe liya kuhlawula kwi-matyala alo . Kuyenzeka xa umlinganiselo womkhiqizo wekhaya we - matyala ufikelela ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini.
Oko kuthetha ukuba ityala liphantse likhulu njengoko uqoqosho lwelizwe luvelisa ngonyaka. Ababolekisi baqala ukufuna iirhafu eziphezulu ukuba zihlawulele umngcipheko ophezulu.
Ixabiso lentlawulo ephakamileyo lithetha ukuba iindleko zelizwe lize lihlaziye ityala layo. Ngexesha elithile, liyaqonda ukuba akunakukwazi ukuqhubeka nokugqithisa phezu kwetyala. Emva koko kuphendukela kwamanye amazwe okanye kwiNgxowa-mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe ngemali-mboleko emitsha. Ngenjongo yokubuyiselwa kwemali, aba babolekisi abatsha bafuna amanyathelo okuhlaselwa. Abafuni nje ukusetyenziswa kweebhanki kunye nokuhlawulwa kwetyala.
Amanyathelo okulungisa ukubuyisela ukuzithemba ekulawuleni uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ulungiso olusicetywayo ludala ukusebenza ngakumbi kwaye luxhasa inkxaso kwicandelo labucala. Ngokomzekelo, ukujoliswa kwabathengisi bentela kuletha imali engenayo xa kuxhaswa abo bahlawula irhafu. Iimveliso zamashishini ezizimeleyo zingabangela ubuchule belizwe langaphandle. Kwakhuthaza nokuthatha umngcipheko kunye nokwandisa icandelo ngokwalo. Ukufakela i-VAT kunciphisa amazwe angaphandle ngokubenza baxabise. Oku kukhusela amashishini asekuhlaleni, avumele ukuba bakhule kwaye bafaka isandla kwizoqoqosho.
U mzekelo
Amanyathelo aseGrisi amanyathelo ajongene nokulungiswa kweerhafu. Ababolekisi bafuna iGrisi ukuba ibuye ibuyele kwakhona igosa layo lokuqokelela imali ngenjongo yokuqhawula ababalekisi.
I-arhente ebhekiselele ku-1,700 abaphezulu-ubutyebi nabasebenzi abaqeshwe ngabanye abaphicothiweyo. Kwaye kwancitshisa inani leeofisi kunye nokubeka iinjongo zokusebenza kwabaphathi.
Amanye amanyathelo athile afuna iGrisi ukuba:
- Ukunciphisa abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni ngama-150,000.
- Umvuzo womqeshwa ophantsi wabasebenzi ngama-17 ekhulwini.
- Ukunciphisa iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi ngaphaya kwama-euro angama-1,200 ngenyanga ngenyanga ngama-20-40 ekhulwini.
- Ukuphakamisa irhafu yepropati nge-3-16 euro nganye ngemitha yesilinganisi.
- Ukunciphisa i- subsidy yokushisa.
Urhulumente waseGrike wavuma ukufihla i-euro ezigidi ezingama-35 kwii-asethi zaseburhulumenteni ngo-2014. Kwakuthembisa ukuba kuthengisa i-euro engama-50 billion kwiimpahla ngo-2015. Imemorandam ye-IMF inikeza iinkcukacha ezingakumbi ngale nto.
Ukuhlawula, ukunyuka kweerhafu, kunye neenzuzo ezinciphise ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngo-2012, inani le-Greece-to-GDP lilinganiselwa kuma-175 ekhulwini, enye yezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi.
Abanini-mabhanki bekufuneka bamkele ukunciphisa ama-75 ekhulwini kwizinto ababebolekiweyo. Ukunciphisa i-Greece kubandakanya ipesenti ye-25 yezinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi, uxosho lwezopolitiko kunye ne-banking system. Ulwazi malunga neengxaki zemali zeGrisi eziza kunika ingcaciso ecacileyo yoluphi ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentyala.
IYurophu YaseYurophu - Inkxalabo yeentlawulo zeGrisi yabangela ingxaki kwi-euro . Iibhanki ezininzi zaseYurophu zazityala kuma shishini aseGrisi kunye netyala elimele. Amanye amazwe, afana neIreland, iPortugal, ne-Italia, ayenayo i-overspent. Basebenzisa ixabiso lentengo ephantsi njengamalungu e-eurozone. Inkxalabo yemali ka-2008 yabetha la mazwe nzima. Ngenxa yoko, babefuna ukuxhaswa kwemali ukuze bahlale bengagqibekanga kwityala labo.
I-Italy - Ngo-2011, uNdunankulu uSilvio Berlusconi wandise imirhumo yezempilo. Kwakhona wanciphisa uxhaswa koorhulumente beengingqi, iintlawulo zerhafu zentsapho, kunye neempesheni zababutyebi. Bamvotela ngaphandle kweofisi. Ukutshintshwa kwakhe, uMario Monti, wakhulisa irhafu kwintsimi, wakhulisa ukufaneleka kweminyaka yobudala, kwaye wahamba emva kwabahlaseli berhafu.
I-Ireland - Ngo-2011, urhulumente wawahlawula umvuzo wabasebenzi ngama-5 ekhulwini. Yanciphisa intlalontle kunye neenzuzo zabantwana kunye nezikhululo zamaphoyisa.
I-Portugal - Urhulumente unqumle umvuzo ngamaphesenti ama-5 kubasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abakhulu. Iphakamisa i-VAT nge-1 ekhulwini kunye neerhafu ezongeziweyo kwiintyebi. Ukunciphisa inkcitho yempi kunye neziseko. Yandisa ubume.
ISpeyin - iSpain yanyamezela imivuzo yabasebenzi bakaRhulumente kunye nokunciphisa ibhajethi ngama-16.9 ekhulwini. Kwaphakamisa iintlawulo kwizityebi. Kwakhona kwandisa irhafu yeruba ngama-28 ekhulwini.
I-United Kingdom - I-UK ichithe imisebenzi engama-490,000 karhulumente, i-budget-cut cut by 49 pesenti, kwaye yandise iminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi ukususela kuma-65 ukuya kuma-66 ngo-2020.
UFransi - Urhulumente uvale ukuhlawula intela. Kwathatha amanyathelo okuvuselela ezoqoqosho. Yandisa irhafu kwiinkampani kunye nobutyebi.
IJamani - Urhulumente waseJamani unqamle ukuxhaswa kwabazali. Yayiqeda imisebenzi engama-10 000 karhulumente kwaye yakhulisa irhafu kwi-nyukliya.
I-United States - Nangona ayengakaze ibizwe ngokuba ngamagama amanyathelo, "iziphakamiso zokunciphisa amatyala kazwelonke e-US zathatha ibakala eliphambili ngo-2011. Ukunciphisa imali kunye nokunyuswa kweerhafu kwaba ngumcimbi. I-Congress inqwenela ukuvuma uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwangonyaka - mali ka-2011 ngo-Ephreli 2011, phantse uvale urhulumente. Yayichaphazela inhlekelele ngokuvumelana nokuchithwa kwemali.
NgoJulayi, iCongress yayisongela ukuba ayikho phantsi kwetyala le-US ngokungakhangeli ityala . Yaphinda ibalekele inhlekelele xa amaqela amabini avumile ukuba iKomishoni ye-bipartisan ifunde le ngxaki. I-Congress nayo yenze isabelo sebhajethi xa kungekho nto isisombululo. Olu xanduva lokunciphisa ibhajethi ye-10 luya kwenzeka, kunye nokunyuka kweerhafu, kwimeko eyaziwa njenge- cliff fiscal . ICongress isisombululo ngesigqibo somzuzu wokugqibela. Kwabambezela ukulandelwa kwemali, ukunyuswa kwentlawulo kwintsimi, kwaye kwavumela i-credit card yokuhlawulwa kweerhafu e-2 ukuba iphelelwe.
Kutheni Ubungakanani Bokuqhelaniswa Namaxesha Ngokuqhelekileyo Musa Ukusebenza
Nangona iinjongo zabo, amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kwamatyala athathaka kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba banciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngonyaka ka-2012, i-IMF ikhishwe ingxelo eyathetha ukuba imilinganiselo ye-eurozone yokunyaniseka inganciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kwaye yandisa ingxaki yetyala. Kodwa i-EU ikhusele imilinganiselo. Bathi babuyisela ukuthembela kwindlela amazwe alawulwa ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Italy-budget-cutting calmed investeders anxiety, ngubani ke wamkela ukubuyiswa okuphantsi komngcipheko. Izibophelelo ze-Italy ziyeke. Ilizwe lifumene kulula ukugqithisa ityala lexeshana elifutshane.
Ukulinganiswa kwexesha lokunyaniseka yinto yonke. Akusixesha elifanelekileyo xa ilizwe liza kunzima ukuphuma kwimali. Ukunciphisa iindleko zikaRhulumente kunye nokucima abasebenzi kuzo kunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokwandisa ukungasebenzi. Kungenxa yokuba urhulumente ngokwayo liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeGDP . Ngokufanayo, ukunyuswa kweerhafu zenkampani xa zikhungethwe ngamashishini ziza kubangela ukulahlekelwa okungakumbi. Ukunyusa irhafu yengeniso kuya kuthatha imali ngaphandle kweepokethi zabathengi, kubanike imali encinci ukuyichitha.
Ixesha elona lihle kakhulu lokulunga kwamanqanaba xa uqoqosho lukwimeko yesandiso somjikelezo wezoshishino . Ukuchithwa kwemali kuya kuncipha ukukhula ukuya kwiphesenti yesithathu yeepesenti kwaye uphephe i-bubble. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuya kuqinisekisa abatyalo-mali abatyala kuluntu ukuba urhulumente aphethe uxanduva.