Ngaba iUnited States iyakuthi ilahleke kwiTyala layo?
I-America ayizange ihlale ihlawulwe kwityala layo.
Imiphumo ayinangqiqo. Kodwa le yayisihlandlo sesibini kwiminyaka emibili iNdlu yeRiphabhliki yakunqanda ukuphakamisa ityala leliti. Ngako oko, imiphumo ye-matyala engapheliyo ingaba yinyani kwixesha elizayo elisondeleyo.
Yintoni Amatyala ayenzileyo?
Kukho iziganeko ezimbini apho iUnited States izakuhlawula khona ityala layo. Okukuqala kuya kwenzeka xa iCongress ayizange iphakamise ilanga leyala. UNobhala wePhondo wezeMali uNobhala uTim Geithner , kwi-2011 incwadi eya kwiCongress, uchaze oko kwakuza kwenzeka:
- Amanani omdla aya kuphakama, kuba "ooNondyebo abamele izinga lokuboleka imali" kuzo zonke ezinye izibophelelo. Oku kuthetha ukunyuka kweendleko kumashishini, urhulumente karhulumente kunye noluntu, iimali zokubolekwa kwemali kunye nemali mboleko mboleki .
- Idola yayiza kuhla, njengoko abatyala-mali basemzini babalekela "isimo sengqondo esiphephile" seNondyebo. Idola iyayilahlekelwa yimo yayo njengemali yehlabathi jikelele . Oku kuya kuba nemiphumo eyingozi kakhulu yexesha elide.
- Urhulumente waseUnited States akayi kukwazi ukuhlawula umvuzo okanye inzuzo kubasebenzi baseburhulumenteni nabasemkhosini kunye nabathathe umhlalaphantsi. Ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo, i-Medicare, kunye ne-Medicaid iintlawulo zentlawulo ziya kumisa, njengokuba iintlawulo zemboleko zabantwana, ukuhlawulwa kwemirhumo kunye neentlawulo zokugcina izibonelelo zikaRhulumente zivulekile. Oku kuya kuba kubi kakhulu kunokuba ugxothwe urhulumente, ochaphazela kuphela iinkqubo ezingabalulekanga.
Ingxelo yesibini iya kwenzeka xa urhulumente wase-United States wamane nje wagqiba ekubeni ityala layo liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye wayeka ukuhlawula inzala kwiimali- mali, amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo . Kwimeko apho, ixabiso leNondyebo kwiimarike zesekondari ziya kugxina. Nabani na ozama ukuthengisa iNondyebo kufuneka aphule ngokujulileyo. Urhulumente wesigqeba akasenakukwazi ukuthengisa i-Treasurys kwintengiso, ngoko urhulumente akayi kuphinda ahlawulise ukuhlawula iindleko zakhe. Ngamanye amagama, nayiphi na into engagqibekanga kwi-Treasurys iya kuba nefuthe elifanayo njengelinye elibangelwa yinkathazo yelityala.
Nangona Ubungozi beMatyala okungafaniyo bubi
Nokuba ngaba abatyali-mali bacinga nje ukuba i-US ingagqibekanga, imiphumo ingaba yinto embi njengento engafanelekanga. Kungenxa yokuba ityala le-US libonakala emhlabeni jikelele njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo naphi na. Uninzi lwabatyalomali babukela kwi-Treasurys ngokungathi beyikhulu leepesenti eziqinisekisiwe nguRhulumente wase-US. Naluphi na usongelo lokungagqibekanga lunokubangela ukuba i-arhente yeerhafu ezilinganiselwayo, ezinjenge-Moody's and Standard and Poor's , ukunciphisa i-credit rating yase-US.
Ukukunika ingcamango yokuba imbi kangakanani ukulinganiswa kwemali ephantsi, ngo-Apreli 2011 I-S & P yanciphisa kuphela imbono yayo kwi- US ityala "elizinzile" ukuya "elingalunganga ." Ngenxa yoko, i-Dow yaphosa ngokukhawuleza amaphupha angama-200 kunye negolide yathola i-dollar ezili-10.
Njani uMatyala ongekho phantsi uza kuthinta iBhizinisi
Inkokhelo ye-US engekhoyo iya kuphakamisa kakhulu indleko yokwenza ibhizinisi. Kuya kwandisa indleko yokuboleka amafemu. Baya kufuneka bahlawule ixabiso lentengo ephezulu kwimali-mboleko kunye neebhondi zokukhuphisana namazinga aphezulu e-US Treasury. Zonke iirhafu zemali zase-US ziya kuphakama, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye negalelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Imarike yemasheya iya kubandezeleka, njengoko nayiphi na imali yotyalo-mali yase-US iya kuba yingozi. Amanani e-Stock aya kuwa njengoko abatyali-mali babalekela kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zama-stock okanye igolide. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, kunokukhokelela kwenye indawo.
Indlela uRhulumente waseUnited States angakuphephekisa ngayo
Indlela eqinisekileyo yokugwema ukungagqibekanga kukuthintela ukulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhokelela kwintyala. Urhulumente wephondo kufuneka akhulise imali ngeniso okanye atye imali. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ukuba ityala liphantse malunga neepesenti ezingama-100 zomkhiqizo wekhaya, kuya kuba nzima ukunciphisa imali efanelekileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ityala kunye nomngcipheko wokungagqibekanga.
Enye indlela yokuvumela idoli ukuba iyanciphise ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba ityala lingabalulekanga kumnini-matyala angaphandle , njengeChina neJapan . I- Federal Reserve yenza oku ngokwenza imali ngetyala . Ithenga i-Treasury ngekhredithi yakha yona. Okungagqibekanga kunokukhutshwa ukuba iFed ayifuni ukuba inzala ibuyiselwe .
Amanye amazwe awaye aguqulwa kwiTyala lawo
Ngonyaka we-2009, i- Iceland yayingeniso kwi-$ 62 yezigidi zeebhanki ezithathwa yiibhanki ezazizizwe. I-GDP yelizwe i-$ 14 billion kuphela. Ngenxa yokubola kweebhanki, abatyalo-mali basemzini babalekela e-Iceland, bebangela ixabiso lemali yabo, i-krona, ukuhlawula iipesenti ezingama-50 kwiveki enye. Kwadala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyuka nokunyuka kwemisebenzi .
Ngaloo nyaka, i- Dubai idalwe kwi-ityala elidalwa yingalo yalo yoshishino, i-Dubai World. Iimpahla zayo zonke zithengiswa kwiindawo eziphathekayo, ngoko ke xa ixabiso lithe gqitshulwa, lalingenayo imali ukuze ihlangabezane neemfanelo zayo. Ekugqibeleni, i-Dubai ixoxisana neentlawulo eziphantsi zetyala, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-restructuring yamatyala.
Ityala le-US likhulu kunalo lonke i-Iceland, i-Dubai okanye iGrisi. Ngenxa yoko, i-debt default yase-US yayiya kuba nefuthe elingakumbi kumnotho wehlabathi.