Ukwabiwa kweBhodi kunye ne-Assumption Deterrence Act ka-1998

Oko Okumele Ukwazi Ngo-ITADA okanye kwi-ITAD Act

Ukwabiwa koLwazi kunye noMthetho wokuLawulwa kweNkcazo (ITADA) wadluliselwa kumthetho ngo-Oktobha 1998. Lo mthetho wanyuswa yiCongress xa ubusela besazisi bephakama ngokuphawulekayo kuma-1990. Kuze kudlule ukugqithiswa kwayo, iimbosa zonyanzeliso zomthetho zithembele kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo yombuso okhusele ulwazi oluthe ngqo ukutshutshisa amasela azisi.

Iisiseko ze-ITADA

Lo myalelo wadala inkcazo ebanzi yobalo besazisi kuquka ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zolwazi, kubandakanywa igama, Inombolo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, inombolo ye-akhawunti, iphasiwedi okanye olunye ulwazi oluxhomekeke kumntu ngaphandle kwalowo obonelela ngalo.

NgokweMigaqo yokuLawulwa kweeNkqubo zoLwaphulo-mthetho kwi-intanethi, kukho izinto ezi-10 ezichasene nomthetho:

Izigwebo zebaphuli bamazisi

I-ITADA ikwabonelela kwakhona izigwebo zokuphula umthetho, oyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amatyala angabangela intolongweni ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, nangona ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lufumana ngaphezu kwe-$ 1,000 kwimpahla okanye iinkonzo ngexesha lonyaka omnye ngokuphula umthetho lo mthetho, banokuvalelwa iminyaka eli-15.

Ukuba ukuphulwa kwalo mthetho kwenzeka malunga nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-term jail inokuphakama kwiminyaka engama-20, okanye iminyaka engama-25 ukuba inxulumene nesenzo sobutshabalali behlabathi.

Indima ye-FTC ekulawuleni ukuBakho koLwazi

Lo msebenzi uphinde uqondise i- Federal Trade Commission ukufumana izikhalazo malunga nokwebiwa kwezazisi. Ukufezekisa oku, i-FTC isungula iNethiwekhi yeziThuthi zabaThengi. Isenzo sinika amandla ngakumbi kwi-FTC ekuncediseni imiba ejikeleze ukwebiwa kwezazisi, ezinokubandakanya ukulungelelanisa iinzame kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

I-ITADA ayikho ngaphandle kweMfahla

Abagxeki baye bavakalisa iingxaki zabo malunga ne-ITADA, nangona kunjalo. Okokuqala, ulwaphulo lolwaphulo-mthetho alukwazi ukuphikisa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba i-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho ukuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho. Le nto yodwa ibonakalise ukuba nzima, njengoko nayiphi na ixhoba lobusela bezazisi liza kukuxelela. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwendawo kuluhlu lokubona ulwaphulo-mali "njengesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho," okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluchaphazela umntu omnye, owenene "akwenzakala". Xa ubona ubusela besazisi , oku kubakho amapolisa kunye nabacuphi abaza kubaluleka kakhulu kwiimeko zabo.

Kodwa ingxaki enkulu kulo mthetho kukuba amaxhoba obaphulo besazisi awakubonisi ngabasebenzisi.

Ibinzana emthethweni lichaza amaxhoba njengalezo "ezichanekileyo kunye nezixhatshazwayo" malunga nezophulo-mthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhanki kunye neenkampani zamakhadi-ngetyala-kungekhona amaxhoba ngabanye kunye nabemi bobucala. Akukho ncedo olunikezelwa abo baxhoba ukuba bafumane iindleko ezifana neentlawulo zabameli kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokulungisa iingxelo zemboleko .

Ngokudabukisayo, i-ITADA idala phantse amaninzi amaninzi njengoko ikhusela. Oku kuye kwanyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba enze imithetho eyongezelelweyo ukuzalisa izikhelo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunyamekela ingxaki xa kwenzeka kuwe.