Indlela Ukuphuphuma Kwemvula Yesiqhumane Eye Yasiza I-Iceland Ukubuyisela
Ngo-2017, umkhiqizo wasekhaya wase-Iceland wawuyi- $ 17.6 yezigidigidi. Ekubeni eli lizwe linabantu abangama-339,700 kuphela, eliguqulela kwisiqhamo esiphezulu semali engama-52,100.
Ephantsi kwe-$ 59,500 ye-GDP nganye kwikota yase-United States kodwa ephezulu kuneleyo yeCanada kwi-48,100 zama-$.
Izinga le- GDP lokukhula kwe-GDP lalingama-5.5 ekhulwini. Oku kukhawuleza kunomgangatho ophezulu wokukhula kwe- 2 ukuya kwi-3 .
Uqoqosho lwase-Iceland luhlala luxhomekeke ekulobeni nase-aluminium. Icandelo lokuloba linika i-12 ekhulwini ye-GDP. Kunobungozi bokunciphisa ama-fish stocks. Ukuncipha kubangelwa ukushisa nokushintsha kwemozulu .
UkuKhenketho kwaba ngumnikelo omkhulu kwizoqoqosho emva kokuqhuma kwe-volcano ye-Eyjafjallajökull. Ngo-2016, inani labakhenkethi lalingama-4.5 amaxesha abantu abemi belizwe.
I-Iceland Financial Crisis kunye Nezizathu Zaso
Ngo-Oktobha 2008, i-Iceland yahlaziya iibhanki zayo ezintathu ezinkulu. I-Kaupthing Bank, i-Landsbanki, kunye ne-Glitnir Bank yayingabikho kwi-$ 62 yezigidi zamatyala angaphandle. Ukuwa kweebhanki kuye kwabathumela abatyalo-mali basemzini ngaphandle kwe-Iceland. Othumele i-krona phantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini kwiveki enye.
Imarike yemasheya yaba ngama-95 ekhulwini. Phantse yonke ibhizinisi e-Iceland yachithwa. Ixabiso lezindlu liye lawa, ngelixa iindleko zokuboleka imali ziphindwe kabini.
Nantsi indlela iibhanki zase-Iceland ezidala ngayo ingxaki. Okokuqala, bahoxisa iipositi ezivela eNetherlands nase-United Kingdom ngokunikela amaxabiso epesenti e-15. Baya kunika le ntlawulo kuba ixabiso le-Iceland currency, i-krona, laliphezulu.
Kwaye yaba yinto enkulu yorhwebo yorhwebo. Oko kwagxotha ixabiso layo kuma-900 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-1994 no-2008.
Kwakhona kwadala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Amaxabiso ezindlu aphakama. Phakathi kuka-2003 no-2004, iimakethe zakwa-Iceland zithengisa ngama-900 ekhulwini. Ngo-2006, umyinge we-Icelander wawungamaphesenti angama-300 abacebile kunokuba ngowama-2003.
Iibhanki zisebenzisa i-$ 100 yezigidigidi kwiimali zokufaka imali kwiinkampani zangaphandle, i-real estate, kunye namaqela ekhatywayo. Loo mali uhlasele i-GDP ka-2008 ye-GDP ye-$ 14 yezigidigidi.
Emva koko iingxaki zemali zehlabathi zango - 2008 zivale ukuboleka kwebhanki. Njengeebhanki zase-US u- Bear Stearns kunye ne- Washington Mutual , iibhanki zase-Iceland zaphazamiseka. Urhulumente akakwazanga ukuwagxotha ngenxa yokuba ayinayo imali. Esikhundleni sokuba sikhulu kakhulu ukuba singaphumeleli , bekunzima kakhulu ukugcina. Ngenxa yoko, ukuwa kwezimali kweebhanki kuye kwaphula umnotho welizwe.
UNdunankulu uGeir Haarde kunye noNgqongqoshe wezeNgaphandle u-Ingibjorg Gialadottir baxoxisana ne-$ 2.1 yezigidi zezimali ezivela kwi- International Monetary Fund ukuze kugcinwe urhulumente. I-Iceland yacela abamelwane bayo baseLuxembourg, eBelgium, naseUnited Kingdom ukuba baqinisekise iibhanki zamasebe zabo emazweni abo.
Urhulumente waqhawula
Uqoqosho lwase-Iceland olungafunekiyo lubangele ukuba urhulumente awele phantsi ngoJanuwari 2009.
Ukuhluleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uNdunankulu uHaarde wasula phantsi ngenxa yomhlaza. Iqela elincinci lenze ukuba elinye lamalungu ayo lizalise isikhundla. UHaarde wabuza ukuba uGialadottir athathe isithuba. UNobhala wezeNtengiso uBjorgvin Sigurdsson wasula phantsi ngenxa yokuxinwa kweengxaki ze-bankruptcy. Abaproteli bathabathela ezitratweni ngokuphendula ukungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi kunye nokunyusa kwamaxabiso okubangelwa yi-bankruptcy.
Impembelelo kwiCrisis Financial Crisis
Ukuwa kwezoqoqosho kwe -Iceland kwathintela lonke elaseYurophu . Kungenxa yokuba iibhanki zase-Iceland zandise iinkonzo zabo zokuthengisa eYurophu. Baye batyala imali kwiinkampani zangaphandle. I-Baugur yaseIceland yayiyinkampani enkulu yabucala eBritish. Icesave, ingalo ye-Intanethi yase-Landsbanki, ixakeke ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lobunzima. Oku kwachaphazela abapostile kwiYurophu.
Ekubeni urhulumente akakwazanga ukugcina ixabiso le krona, abaninzi bancome icebo le-Iceland lijoyine iYurophu yaseYurophu kwaye yamukele i- euro njengemali yayo.
I-Iceland isele ilungu loMmandla Wezoqoqosho YaseYurophu, iqumrhu lohwebo elulandela imithetho e-EU. Kodwa ishishini lokuloba lase-Iceland lichasene. Ixabana namazwe aseYurophu ngamalungelo okuloba.
I-Iceland ibuyiswe njani
NgoFebruwari 2009, abavoti bakhetha uJohanna Sigurdardottir kunye nombutho wakhe. Wayekela ingxowa-mali ekuphumeni kwelizwe. Wakhuphula intela. Kodwa naye wagcina iinkonzo zentlalo kwaye wanika inkokhelo yamatyala kubanini bemali. Wawenqabela abemi ukuba bangathengi iimali zamanye amazwe okanye iintengiso zangaphandle.
Ngenxa yoko, abantu batyalole kumashishini asekuhlaleni, kuquka ukuthengwa kwezindlu kunye nokulingana kwangasese . Ukukhenketho kuqhutywe xa amaxabiso asekhaya awela ngenxa yokulingana kwemali ephantsi. Yanda ngakumbi emva kokuqhuma kwe-volcanic ka - 2010 no-2011 .