Ubungakanani bemiSebenzi: amaFemu, iiNgxowa, iNdima kwiCrisis Financial

Nazi iziThuthi zeeDola eziMillion-billion ezingenakukwazi ukuzenza

Ubulungisa bebucala bubunini babucala, ngokuchasene nobunikazi beefowuni , yenkampani. Abanini-mali baso bucala banokuthenga yonke into okanye inxalenye yenkampani yabucala okanye yoluntu. Abanini-mali babucala bezobucala banesithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuya ku-10.

Ekubeni kunomlinganiselo ongaphezu kwexesha kunabathengi bemali-mali, ukulingana kwangasese kungasetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-teknoloji entsha, ukwenza izixhobo zokufumana, okanye ukuqinisa ishidi lomlinganiselo kunye nokubonelela ngemali eninzi yokusebenza.

Abanini-mali babucala bezobambiso banethemba lokubetha iimarike ngokukhawuleza ngokuthengisa ubunikazi babo ngenzuzo enkulu ngombingelelo wokuqala woluntu okanye kwinkampani enkulu kawonkewonke.

Ukuba zonke iinkampani zentengiso zithengwa, kubangelwa ukugqithiswa kwelo nkampani kwi-stock exchange exchange. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthatha inkampani yangasese." Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuhlangula inkampani enamaxabiso esitokisi, ukunika ithuba lokuzama iindlela zokukhula ezingabonakali. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali babucala babucala bazimisele ukulinda ixesha elide ukuze bafumane ukubuyiswa okuphezulu, ngelixa abatyali bemali-mali bemfuyo ngokubanzi bafuna ukubuya kwekota ukuba kungekudala.

AmaFree Equity Firms

Ezi zibonda zangasese kwinkampani zidla ngokuthengwa ngamashishini abucala abucala. Iifemu zinokugcina ii-holdings, okanye zithengise ezi zibonda kubatyalomali abazimeleyo, abatyala-mali beziko (urhulumente karhulumente kunye nemali yomhlalaphantsi), kunye neengxowa-mali . Amafemu okulingana abucala angabanjwa ngasese, okanye inkampani karhulumente ibhalwe kwi-stock exchange exchange.

Ibhishini lobucala labucala lilawulwa ngabatyalo-mali abasemagunyeni abafuna izinto ezinkulu. Enyanisweni, iifemu ezili-10 eziphezulu zinesiqingatha sexabiso lempahla yabucala behlabathi. Nalu uluhlu lweefemu eziphezulu ezili-10 ngo-2016 kunye nenkunzi ephakanyisiwe kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.

1. I-Carlyle Group - i-$ 66.7 yezigidigidi
2. Blackstone Group - $ 62.2 yezigidigidi

1. UKohlberg Kravis Roberts - $ 57.9 billion
2. I-Goldman Sachs - i-$ 55.6 yezigidigidi
3. Ardian - $ 53.4 billion
4. I-TPG Capital - $ 47 billion
5. I-CVC Partners Partners - i-$ 42.2 yezigidigidi
6. I-Advent International - i-$ 40.9 yezigidigidi
7. I-Bain Capital - i-$ 37.7 yezigidigidi
8. Apax Partners - $ 35.8 yezigidigidi.

ZeNgxowa-mali zeMali

Imali ephakanyiswe yile fesithi ibizwa ngokuba yimali yecandelo loluntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kubalimi-mali, njengemali yempesheni, iimali zengxowa-mali, kunye nabaphathi bemali beenkampani, kunye neengxowa-mali zentsapho kunye nabantu abacebileyo. Ingabandakanya imali kunye neengxowa-mboleko, kodwa kungabikho isitokisi okanye iibhondi .

I-Prequin , umhlalutyi wabanini -bucala, ulwahlula imali yemali yabucala kwiintlobo ezi-5 ezinkulu. Zonke iindidi ngaphandle kwentengo ye-venture ziye zagqitha iS & P 500.

1. Ukuxinezeleka - Abatyalomali bagxininisa ukujikeleza kweenkampani ezinkingeni. Akumangalisi ukuba eli candelo lenze okulungileyo ukususela ngoxinzelelo lwemali ka-2008.
2. Ukuthenga - Abatyalomali bagxininise ekuthengeni inkampani ngokupheleleyo. Lo ngumenzi wesibini obalaseleyo.
3. I-Real Estate - Ugxininisa kwiivenkile zentengiso, njengeenkampani zendawo yokuhlala kunye nee-REIT. Lo ube ngumdlali wesithathu obalaseleyo.
4. INgxowa-mali yeeNgxowa - Iingxowa-mali kwezinye iimali ze-equity funds.
5. I-Venture Capital - Abatyalo-mali, abavame ukubizwa ngokuba "ngeengelosi", bathathe inxaxheba yobunini bokuqala ngokubuyisela imali yembewu. Aba batyali-mali bathemba ukuba bathengise inkampani xa sele inenzuzo. Bahlala bebonelela ubuchule, ulwalathiso kunye nabafowunelwa ukuba bafumane inkampani emhlabathini. Bahlala bexhamla iinkampani ezininzi, beyazi ukuba kuphela omnye oya kuphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, le mpu melelo ingaba ngaphezu kokugqithisa zonke ilahleko.

Iingxaki ezifihliweyo kwi-Private Equity Finance

Amafayile okulingana abucala asebenzisa imali kwiimali-mali zabo ukuthenga iinkampani. Ukubuyiselwa kuloo mali-mali ithatha abatsha-mali abatsha. Ibizwa ngokuba yizinga langaphakathi lokubuyela, kwaye ichaza impumelelo yenkampani.

Kodwa amafemu abucala abucala afunyenwe indlela yokwenza ngcono i-IRR. Ekubeni ixabiso lentengo liphantsi kakhulu, bayaboleka imali ukuze benze utsalo-mali olutsha. Bambiza imali kubasomali imali kamva, xa kubonakala ngathi utsalo-mali luya kubuya. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala ngathi abatyali-mali bafumana ukubuyela okukhulu ngexesha elifutshane. IRR ibonakala ngcono, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweemali eziboleweyo.

Indlela Ubungqina Bokuzimelela Ngamalungelo Acedisa Ngayo Ikhampani Yeengxaki

Ngokutsho kwe-Prequin.com, imali engama-486 yezigidi zeengxowa-mali ezizimeleyo zaphakanyiswa ngo-2006. Le ntlawulo eyongeziweyo yathatha iinkampani ezininzi zikawonkewonke kwimarike yemasheya, ngaloo ndlela iqhuba amaxabiso esabelo salawo aseleyo.

Ukongeza, inkxaso-mali yabucala yabucala ivumelekile ukuba iinkampani zibuyisele izabelo zazo, kwaye ziqhuba ixabiso lesabelo esisele.

Uninzi lwemali-mboleko eyenziwa yiibhanki kwiimali zecandelo lokwabiwa kwangasese zazithengiswa njengezibophelelo zetyala . Ngenxa yoko, iibhanki zazingakhathaleli ukuba iimali-mboleko zilungile okanye akunjalo. ukuba babengendawo, omnye umntu wayenamathela kuyo. Ukongezelela, igalelo lale mboleko mboleko ebenzileyo yabonwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zemali, kungekhona nje iibhanki. Ubuncwane obuninzi obudalwe bucala bodwa bube yimbangela yeCrisis Banking Liquidity 2007 kunye nokunyuswa kwemali. (Umthombo: I-Prequin, i-Private Equity Spotlight Oktobha 2007. USimon Clark, "U-Blackstone ufuna Izinto ezininzi zokuthenga," iWall Street Journal, ngoFebhuwari 26, 2015)