Yintoni ihlawule ukutshintsha kwemozulu? Yintoni Eyenziweyo?
Inguqu yemozulu ayiyinto entsha. Kodwa iziganeko zangaphambili zenguqu zemozulu zenzeke kakhulu. Ukutshintsha utshintsho kumjikelezo womhlaba kudala loo mihla yokufudumala nokupholisa.
Amaqiniso
Ukwanda kwefuthe lokufudumala kwehlabathi kuye kwadala ezinye iingxaki. Amanxweme ayamkela i-carbon dioxide evela emoyeni. Ekuphenduleni, banama-asidi engama-30 e-acid ngaphezulu ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-Industrial Revolution. Baye bafudumala. Amanqanaba angama-2,300 ayenama-0.3 degrees afudumele ukusuka ngo-1969, ebangela ukuba bandise.
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kushibiliza i-Antarctic ice caps nge-1.6 metres ngonyaka. Ngaphambi kowe-1992, bebancibilika kwizinga elingama-3.8 centimitha ngonyaka. Ngo-2017, i-Arctic yayinamayela angama-448,000 eekhilomitha ezili-1,9 ngaphantsi kweqhwa elwandle.
Ukuhlaselwa kwamanzi amanzi kukutshintsha ukujikelezwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwezilwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanzi aphezulu ajikeleza kwiipalithi ziba nzima. Njengoko zikhupha, ziba zininzi kwaye ziyancipha. Emva kokubethelwa kwinqanaba elwandle, babuyela kwi-equator. Umjikelo ubizwa ngokuba yi-convection.
Ukuqhaqhazelisa i-glacial ice kubeka amanzi amanzi kwi-equation.
Akuncinci kunamanzi aso. Ngenxa yoko, akuyi kucima njengoko kufanelekile. Ihlala emanzini olwandle, iphosa "ibhanti yokuthutha elwandle."
"I-Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation" ibhanti yokuthutha ehambisa amanzi aseTrokon naseNyakatho yeYurophu. Njengoko kuphuculwa, loo ndawo iyaphilile, kuba inesimo esifanayo neNewfoundland eNyakatho Melika.
Le Gulf Stream idlulisela ibhanti iye yanciphisa iipesenti ezili-15 ukususela ngo-2008. Ngoku iyancinci kwiminyaka eyi-1 600 edluleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ulwandle luphephe ezantsi kweGreenland kwaye lubuqhekeza ngeNxweme yase-Atlantic yase-US. Xa iGreenland ihlala ipholile ehlobo, ivumela umoya ofudumele ukusuka ngasezantsi ukuya eYurophu. Kwaye yanceda kubangela ukufudumala komlilo waseYurophu ka-2015.
Isiganeko esifanayo ekwenzeni kufuphi neAntarctic. Amanzi amancinci ukusuka kumanzi aqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhasela amanzi atyuwa ngamanzi atyuwa ekutheni afike elwandle. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi afudumele ayanyibilikisa i-shelf icebo ngaphantsi. Yenza ukuba i-loop ye-feedback iyancibilika i-glaciers ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba olwandle angakhula ngokukhawuleza kunangoko.
Ukuxutywa kwamanzi e-ice polar ishicilelwe ngamazinga angama- 8.9 kwii-100 zokugqibela. Iikhonkco kunye nekhephu zikhuphuka. Ukutshisa i-atmospheme ngakumbi, kuba iqhwa libonisa ukufudumala kwesibhakabhaka endaweni. Amaqondo okushisa aphezulu adala ezininzi iintlekele zeentlekele eziqhelekileyo.
Impembelelo yoqoqosho
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kuthetha nje ukushisa kuya kufumana ukufudumala kwixesha elizayo. Mhlawumbi ngelinye ilanga litshiza i-ice caps liza kuphakamisa ulwandle olwaneleyo ukwenzela ukukhukula isixeko saseNew York.
Kodwa utshintsho lwemozulu lusele lugxeke ngakumbi uqoqosho.
Njengoko ilizwe lifumana iintsuku ezitshisa kakhulu, amanani okutya aphakama. Kungenxa yokuba ingqolowa kunye ne-soya zivelisa kwi-United States i-plummet ngokukhawuleza xa amaqondo okushisa aphakama ngaphezu kwama-degrees ama-Fahrenheit angama-84. Ezi zilimo zondla iinkomo kunye neminye imithombo yenyama. Yakha ama-spikes kwenyuka amaxabiso enkomo, ubisi kunye nenkukhu. Imveliso yomsebenzi iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi yangaphandle. Oko kwandisa ukwanda kweendleko zokutya.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela ukufuduka kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Bashiya amanxweme enxweme, iifama ezikhuseleyo, kunye neendawo zeentlekele zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngo-2050, utshintsho lwemozulu luya kunyanzelisa abantu abayizigidi ezili-700 ukuba bahambe.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kudala iziphepho ezingabonakaliyo kunye noogonyamelo, isomiso, kunye nezikhukula emhlabeni jikelele namhlanje. Oko kuhambelana noJohn P. Holdren, uMlawuli weCandelo loPhando lwee-Woods, kunye nezinye iingcali.
I-2017 i-poll ibonise ukuba ama-55 ekhulwini aseMerika akholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lwenza iziqhwithi zibi nakakhulu. Oku kunyuka kuma-39 ekhulwini athetha kangangeminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iipesenti ezingama-48 zithi ziyesaba ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Nazi izibonelo ezibonisa ubungqina babo. Lezi ntlekele zendalo ziye zathatha umonakalo kwezoqoqosho kwiminyaka esixhenxe yokugqibela.
2017 - Iphepho uHarvey yahlasela eHouston, ixabisa imali engama-dollar eyi-180 billion. Iqhwithi i-Irma yalandelwa, kunye nomonakalo kwi-$ 100 yezigidigidi.
Ngo-2016 - izazinzulu zachaza ukushisa kwamaqondo aphezulu kunyaka wesihlanu ngokulandelana. Ezinye iindawo zafumana amanqanaba okurekhoda, izikhukula kunye namaza okushisa. Iibini zesithathu ze-Great Barrier Reef zaphuma ngenxa yokushisa kwamanzi aphakamileyo.
2015 - Inkomfa yaseCalifornia yeminyaka emithandathu ikhusele amanzi okumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukunyanzelisa imimiselo yamanzi kumafama nakwiintsapho. Ixabisa i-$ 2.7 yezigidigidi kunye nemisebenzi engama-21,000 ngo-2015.
2014 - I-polar vortex yafika eMidwest, iyancipha uqoqosho ngama-2.1 ekhulwini .
Ngo-2013 - Inkqantosi yase-Oklahoma City yayiyingozi kunazo zonke kwimbali yase-US, i-$ 2 yezigidi ezimalunga nemonakalo.
2012 - Isiqhwithi iSandy sashiya i-$ 50 billion kwiintshatyalazo zezoqoqosho. Imanqatha ngaphaya kweMiddle Midwest kubangele amanani aphezulu okutya .
2011 - Umkhukula waseMississippi wawungumcimbi weminyaka engama-500. Yashiya ubuncinane i-$ 2 yezigidigidi kwimonakalo. Isiqhwithi i-Irene sashiye umonakalo weerandi ezigidi ezingama-20 kwaye i-$ 45 yezigidigidi zithintela uqoqosho. Ixesha elibi kunazo zonke kwixesha laseNtshonalanga yase-US lenzeke, kunye nama-305 ama-twist ahlaselwa ngeveki enye, echitha imali engama-R3 billion. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweJapan kunye netunami kubiza phakathi kweerandi ezingama-300. Intaba-mlilo yase-Iceland ixabisa i-$ 1.2 billion kwi-air traffic lost.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweHaiti ka- 2010 kwabangele ubuncinane i-$ 8.5 yezigidigidi kumonakalo.
2009 - Uninzi lweentlekele zemvelo kodwa akukho nhlekelele-ntle.
2008 - Ihlabathi laxutywa zizikhukula, iziphepho kunye namaqhwithi:
- Iphondo laseTindong eningizimu yeChina lafumana imvula enkulu kwimbali. Izikhukhula ezihlaseleyo zabulala abantu abangama-57, zahlutha izigidi eziyi-1.5 zaza zachitha izityalo kwiihektha ezili-860 000 zezolimo.
- Imvula enkulu eMidwest yabangela ukukhukula, okubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kweepesenti ezili-12 zezityalo. Oku kwanegalelo kumanani aphezulu kwengqolowa kunye neyesoya.
- Iqhwithi likaGustav libiza iiligidi eziyi-25 zamaRandi ngokulimala eLouanaana, Mississippi, kunye nokuveliswa kweoli.
- Iqhwithi i-Ike ixabise iiligidi ezingama-25 zeebhiliyoni ezidalwa yingozi kunye nokongeza amaxabiso e-gas ukuya kwi-$ 5 ngegolon.
- Isiqhwithi sasePhilippines sathwala iinqanawa ezithwele abagibeli abayi-845 kunye nokufuduka kwama-360 000.
- Isiqhwithi uNargis eBurma sashiya abantu abayizigidi ezingama-2.4. Bangaphezu kwe-134,000 befile okanye balahlekile. Iindawo ezinkulu ze delta zabhujiswa ngokupheleleyo. (Imithombo): "Izikhukhula zibulala ezili-57 eChina," i-VOA, ngo-Juni 16, 2008. "Iiveki ezintandathu emva kweSiphepho, ukutshabalalisa kweBurma kuhlalakho okuqinisekileyo," VOA, ngoJuni 11, 2008. "Ngaphandle kweMississippi, iWary Eye ephakamisa amanzi, "I-IHT, ngoJuni 18, 2008." Ngaphezu kwe-800 engaphaya kweFilipi yaseFilippines iqhutywe phakathi kweNtshontsho eyabulalayo, "iNew York Times, ngo-Juni 22, 2008.)
2007 - Ukomelela okungakumbi kunye nezikhukhula zanyusa umhlaba.
- IGeorgia, eFlorida naseAlabama babeneenkcukacha zabo ezinobumba obubi kakhulu kwimbali ebhaliweyo. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-Atlanta yayiye yafikelela kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuhambisa amanzi.
- Izikhukhula ezinkulu zahlasela iMexico kwaye zachaphazela abantu abayizigidi, zadala "... enye yeentlekele zemvelo ezimbi kunazo zonke kwimbali yeli lizwe," ngokutsho kukaMongameli uFelipe Calderon.
- Ixesha elibi lomsinya lihlasela iIndiya, iNepal, iBhutan kunye neBangladesh. Bakha izikhukhula ezimbi kakhulu kwimemori yokuphila, ngokutsho kwe-UNICEF. Ukulimala kwakuyizigidi eziyi-120 zezigidi. Abantu abayizigidi ezimashumi amathathu babephambukile kwaye bafa 2,000.
2005 - Iintshukumo zikaKatrina zashiya i-$ 125 billion ngemonakalo. Umkhiqizo omkhulu wekhaya wawuwela kuma-1.3 ekhulwini kwi-Q4 2005.
Inzululwazi iyavuma ukuba uMntu ubangele
NgoNovemba 3, ngo-2017, ulawulo lweTrump lukhuphe ingxelo echaze ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwimisebenzi yabantu. Kwaxela kwangaphambili ukuba ulwandle lwaluya kuphakama ezinye iiyure ezisibhozo ngo-2100. Uninzi lwemibutho yenzululwazi kunye nekarhulumente iyavuma ukuba ukwanda komntu kwi-greenhouse gases kubangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ezi gesi ziquka i-carbon dioxide, i-hydrofluorocarbons kunye ne-perfluorocarbons. Baye baqokelela emkhathini womhlaba kwiminyaka eyi-150 edlulileyo. Bawuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga ekubuyeni kwithuba. Ubushushu buyakha njengoko kwenza kuluhlaza. Amaphesenti angama-90 ayo athatyathwa ngamanxweme omhlaba.
Amanqanaba amanje akwiindawo ezingama-370 kwisigidi semitha, ukusuka ku-280 ppmv kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo. Ukukhishwa kweemveliso kuye kwanda iipesenti ezi-4 ukususela ngo-1990. Kodwa amazinga ka-2015 ahla kancane ukusuka kunyaka ongaphambili. Izitshixo zamandla zaqala ukutshintshwa kwilahle kunye negesi yendalo kunye nobusika obushushu banciphisa imfuno yokutshisa ioli.
Iinkqubo zanamhlanje ezitshisa ii-fossil fuels zikhupha iigesi. Zibandakanya ukungqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukufama kweefama, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino ezifana ne-aluminium. Isizathu esibalulekileyo kukutsha kweoli kwiifom zayo zonke. Ngokwe-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo, imithombo yase-US ngo-2015 yile:
| Umthombo | I petroli | Ipesenti |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuveliswa kombane | Ilahleko, iGesi leNdalo | 29% |
| Zothutho | Ioli, i-Gasoline | 27% |
| Shishini | Ioli, iikhemikhali | 21% |
| ZoRhwebo kunye no kuhlala | Ioli | 12% |
| ZoLimo | Yezilwanyana | 9% |
| Amahlathi | I-CO2 | 11% |
Iimvavanyo Zomntu zokuMisa
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zithi ukuguqula impembelelo, izinga lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lehlabathi kufuneka lilinganiselwe kwi-2 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwamazinga omhlaba. Ukususela ngoFebhuwari 2016, izinga lokushisa eliqhelekileyo sele lidlulile kuma-1.5 degrees ngaphezu kwamazinga omhlaba. Uluntu jikelele luzama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Bazisa amanyathelo okwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo, kuquka nezithuthi zombane.
Ngo-1992. Kwaqulunqwa iNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiNgqungquthela yemozulu
NgoDisemba 11, 1997. IZizwe eziManyeneyo zamukele i-Kyoto Protoco l. I-European Community kunye namazwe angama-37 asezimbini zithembise ukunciphisa ukushisa kwegesi ephazamisayo phakathi kuka-2008 no-2012. Ukuzibophezela kokuqala kwaba ngama-5 ekhulwini kuma-1990. Isikhathi sokuzibophelela sesibini sasiqala ukususela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2020. Bavuma ukunciphisa ukukhishwa ngamaphesenti angama-18 phantsi kwama-1990 amanqanaba.
Ngo-2008. Ulawulo lweMandla weZizwe ngezizwe ludinga amazwe ukuba asebenzise i-$ 45 trillion kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo ukukhusela ukufudumala kwehlabathi ekunciphiseni ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukubeka oku ngolu hlobo, ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho zehlabathi lonke kungama-65 bhiliyoni kuphela ngonyaka.
Amanyathelo afaka phakathi ukwakha izityalo zamandla enyukliya ezingama-32 ngonyaka kunye nokunciphisa i-greenhouse gases ngama-50 ekhulwini ngo-2050. Oku kuza kubiza i-$ 100 yezigidigidi ukuya kuma-200 amabhiliyoni ngonyaka ngonyaka wama-10 emva ko-2008, kwaye ifike kwi $ 1 trillion ukuya kwi-2 trillion emva kwee .
NgoDisemba 7, 2009. I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo ifumene ukuba iindawo zokuhlala kwamagesi ezitshatyalaliswayo zisongela impilo yoluntu . Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo, i-EPA iphelelise imilinganiselo yokukhutshwa kwemoto ngo-2010 kunye namaloli ngo-2011.
Disemba 18, 2009. Ingqungquthela yeSimo sezulu se-UN ivelise isivumelwano seCopenhagen . Amazwe athembise ukunciphisa ubushushu behlabathi jikelele kuya kuma-2 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwezinga langaphambili lezezimboni. UMongameli Obama wamphatha uMongameli waseChina u-Hu Jintao ukuba asayine isivumelwano. IYurophu yaseYurophu , ezinye iintlanga eziphuhlisiwe kunye neentlanga ezininzi eziphuhlisayo zivumelene nomda.
Ukongezelela, amazwe athuthukile avuma ukuhlawula iibhiliyoni eziyi-100 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-2020 ukunceda amazwe ahluphekileyo achaphazeleka kakhulu ngenguqu yemozulu. Oku kuquka ukufuduswa koluntu oluchaphazelwa zizikhukula kunye nokomlala nokukhusela amanzi. Amazwe avuma ukubonelela ngeebhiliyoni ezingama-30 kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo.
U-Obama wayebethemba amazwe athuthukile ayavuma ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwawo kuma-80 ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwama-1990 ngamanqanaba angama-2050. Wonke amanye amazwe, kuquka neChina, aya kunciphisa ukukhishwa ngamaphesenti ama-50. I-China yavala loo mvumelwano.
Amanye amazwe ayenqaba ukutyikitya isivumelwano kuba iUnited States inqabile ukugawula ngaphezu kwe-4 ekhulwini yayo yokukhupha ngo-2020. Unyawo-olukhupha luvakaliswe kubaninzi ukuba u-Obama akazange azinikezele ngaphezu kolawulo lwe - Bush .
Ngo-2010, i-China ithembisa ukuba yayiza kufikelela kwiinjongo ezine zemozulu ngo-2020.
- Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngamaphesenti angama-40 ngaphantsi kwamazinga ka-2005. (Iipesenti ezingama-97 ziphumelele ngo-2017.)
- Ukwandisa amandla okuvuselelwa kwamandla ukusuka kwi-9.4% ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini. (Iipesenti ezingama-60 ziphumelele.)
- Ukwandisa isitokisi sehlathi nge 1.3 billion cubic meters. (Kugqithiswe ngo-2017.)
- Ukwandisa amahlathi angama-hektare angama-40 ngokumalunga no-2005. (Iipesenti ezingama-60 ziphumelele.)
Ngo-Agasti 3, 2015. UMongameli Obama wakhulula iPropower Power Plan. Kwakhiwa iithagethi zelizwe ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwizityalo zamandla ngamaphesenti angama-32 ngaphantsi kwamazinga ka-2030.
NgoDisemba 18, 2015. I- Accord ye- Climate Accord yasayinwa ngamazwe angama-195. Bathembisa ukusika i-greenhouse gas emissions nge-26 ukuya ku-28 ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwama-2005 ngama-2025. Baye bafaka imali engama-R3 billion kwizibonelelo kumazwe angamahlwempu ngo-2020. Oku kubakho ukulimala ngokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye neminye imiphumo yokuguquka kwemozulu.
Injongo yomnqophiso ukugcina ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungabi nakwezinye ii-2 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwamazinga omhlaba. Iingcali ezininzi zicinga ukuba i-pointing point. Ngaphandle koko, kunye nemiphumo yokuguquka kwemozulu ayinakwenzeka.
I-United States ijongene neepesenti ezingama-20 ze-carbon carbon emissions. Kuya kuba nzima ukuba abanye abatyikityi bafikelele kwinjongo yomgaqo ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-US. Kodwa bazama. I-Carbon ihlawuliswa kwiingingqi ezingama-60 emhlabeni jikelele. I-China, iJamani, iSweden kunye neDenmark ziqwalasela irhafu yenkomo. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-Greenhouse evela kwimfuyo inika i-14,5 ekhulwini yelizwe lonke.
Nangona onke amazwe elandela iMvumelwano, amaqondo okushisa aya kuqhubeka ephakama. I-atmospheric isasabela kwi-CO2 esele iphoswe kuyo. Iigesi ze-Greenhouse zongezwe ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba amazinga okushisa awanakunyanga.
Ngenxa yoko, amanyathelo kufuneka anqine ukuguqula ukufudumala kwehlabathi. I-Lab Impact Lab ibonisa ukuba izixeko ezinkulu ziza kubona iintsuku ezininzi zingaphezulu kwe-95-degree Fahrenheit. Ngo-2100, iWashington DC iya kuba namaxesha atshisa kakhulu kwiintsuku ezingama-29 ngonyaka. Leyo ye-quadruple isingqinisiso sesisixhenxe esiye safumana ukususela ngo-1986 ukuya ku-2005.
NgoJuni 1, 2017. UMongameli uTrump wamemezela ukuba iUnited States iya kuhoxisa kwisivumelwano seParis . UTump uthe wayefuna ukuxoxisana neengxaki ezingcono. Iinkokeli zaseJamani, eFransi nase-Italy zathi le mvumelwano ayinakuthengiswa. I-China ne-India bajoyina ezinye iinkokheli ekuthiwa bahlala bezinikezele kwimvumelwano. Abanye baye baxela ukuba ukuhoxiswa kweMelika kwiindawo zobukhokeli kubangela ukucima ukuba iChina izakuzalisa ngokukhawuleza. I-United States ayikwazi ukuphuma ngokusemthethweni ukususela ngoNovemba 1, 2020. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba ngumbandela wokhetho lonyulo olulandelayo.
Iinkokheli zoshishino ezivela eTesla, General Electric, kunye neGoldman Sachs zathi oku kuya kunika abaphangaleleyo belizwe langaphandle kwiinkampani zamandla acocekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba iinkampani zase-US ziya kulahlekelwa ngenkxaso karhulumente kunye nenkxaso-mali kula ma shishini.
I-China isele ihamba phambili kwiinqwelo zombane. Phantse isiqingatha seenqwelo zombane zombane zithengiswa eChina. Imimiselo yayo kunye nenkxaso-mali iqhubela abathengi kude neenqwelo-mafutha zepetroli. I-China ifuna ukunciphisa ukungcola. Kwakhona ufuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwioli yamazwe angaphandle. Kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, ifuna ukuphucula abenzi bezimoto zelizwe. Imarike yemoto yaseTshayina inkulu kakhulu, iphoqa abenzi bemoto bangaphandle ukuba baphucule imveliso yabo yemoto.
NgoNovemba 4, 2016. Isivumelwano seParis saqala ukusebenza njengoko amalungu angama-55 avumile isivumelwano. Benza amaphesenti angama-55 okukhutshwa kwehlabathi.
Oktobha 10, 2017. Ulawulo lweTrump lucebise ukuba luphelise iSicwangciso soMbane esiCocekileyo .
Novemba 8, 2017. IYurophu yaseYurophu yavuma ukusika i-carbon-dioxide ukuchithwa kwesithuthi esitsha ngama-30 ekhulwini phakathi kwe-2021 no-2030.
NgoDisemba 12, 2017. UMongameli waseFransi uEmmanuel Macron wabuthela iinkokheli zehlabathi ezingama-50 kwiNgcaciso yePlaneti eyodwa . I-Trump ayizange imenywe ngenxa yokuba ihambe kwimvumelwano. Ingqungquthela igxininise indlela yokuhlawula ukuguquka kwehlabathi jikelele kwizinto ezikhoyo.
I-United States kunye neChina ziphantse kwiHlani leNgxaki
Enyanisweni, isivumelwano sehlabathi asifanele senzeke. Iingqungquthela ezinkulu ezintlanu ze-carbon emitters zi-60 ekhulwini. I-China kunye ne-United States zizona zibi kakhulu, kwiipesenti ezingama-30 kunye neepesenti ezili-15, ngokulandelanayo.
I-India inika ama-7 ekhulwini, iRashiya iphakamisa ama-5 eepesenti, kunye neJapan ngama-4 ekhulwini. Ukuba aba bahlalutyi abaphezulu bangayeka ukukhwabanisa nokwandisa iteknoloji evuselelekayo, amanye amazwe ayengafuneki ukuba abandakanyeke.
Amaqumrhu aBheka
Amashishini angama-1 awona mhlaba atshaba iipesenti ezili-12 zokukhutshwa kwe-greenhouse-gas. Ngo-2017, iipesenti ezingama-89 ziceba ukucima ezo mphumo. Kodwa akwanele ukufikelela kwiinjongo ze-UN ze-2 degrees Celsius. Okwangoku, iipesenti ezili-14 zeenkampani zineenjongo ezihambelana nejoliswe kuko. Olinye iipesenti ezingama-30 zithembisa ukwenza njalo kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Amafemu otyalo-mali, afana ne-HSBC Holdings kunye ne-Goldmans Sachs, sele iqalile ukujolisa kumashishini angaphantsi kwekhabhoni.
Into esinokuyenza
Kuze kubekho ubukhokeli boorhulumente obomeleleyo, kufuneka senze inkqubela yethu. Abemi baninzi bemihla ngemihla kunye nosomashishini banzima ukusebenza kwiindlela ezintsha zokulungisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu.
URephabliki uNewt Gingrich, owayenguSomlomo weNdlu, wavakalisa ukubaluleka kokuxhasa izisombululo zendalo yoshishino kwi-2007 ethi "Inkontileka yoMhlaba." Uxinzelelo kwimimandla yemarike eyafumana umoya kwiinkathazo yisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokuyihlambulula.
I-Greenpeace icetyisa ukuba siyeke ukutya inyama, ubisi kunye namaqanda. Ukuveliswa kwezi zinto zokutya kudala ama-50 ekhulwini lokushisa kwegesi ephezulu. Kwakhona kubangele ukukhungulwa kwamahlathi, njengoko amafama acacile ukuba akhulise izityalo ukunyusa izilwanyana. Lihlambela imilambo, ekhokelela kwimimandla efile e-olwandle.