Umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu weTornado Ever
Iqhwaba elibi kakhulu
Ingqungquthela eyona nto eyonakalisayo eyayiye yaba ngoMeyi 22, 2011, eJoplin, eMissouri. Ixabisa i-$ 2.8 yezigidigidi. Yiyo eyi-2.9 yezigidigidi zee-billion xa kulungiswe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwakhona kwakuyinkqantosi eyingozi kakhulu ukususela ngowe-1950. Ngokudabukisayo, abantu aba-161 babulawa, kunye nabangaphezu kwe-1 balimala. Amashishini angaphezulu kwama-500 awonakaliswe kakhulu, achaphazela abasebenzi abangama-5 000.
Inkqantosi ye-EF-5 yayiyi-1/2 miyela ububanzi xa isichukumisa kwicandelo elisentshonalanga kweso sixeko. Yandisiwe ibe yi-3/4 ubude ububanzi. Wahamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-13 kuwo onke, wahlasela iSixeko saseDuquesne. Imimoya yayingama-mayela angama-200 ngeyure, kwaye yayihamba malunga neeekhilomitha ezili-10 ngeyure. (Umthombo: "IJoplin, eMissouri I-EF-5 iTornado ngoMeyi 22, 2011," iSixeko saseJoplin. "IJoplin Tornado," iNkonzo yeSizwe yeNkonzo yezulu)
Ixesha leNkqantosi eyona nto
Ixesha eliyingozi kunazo zonke liye lafika ngo-Apreli 25-27, ngo-2011. Ngelo veki, ama-305 ajika eMpuma-mpuma, aphula i-1974 irekhodi lama-267. Ukuqhambuka kwabangela ukulimala kwe-$ 5 billion.
Ubuncinane ubuninzi beemvunguvungu zi-EF-5, ezivelisa i-wind gusts ezingaphezu kwama-200 ngeeyure.
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhava kwabulala abantu abangama-327, kunye nabantu abangama-250 abafa eAlabama kuphela. Kwakuyintlukwano yesithathu yokufa kwesinye kwimbali yase-US. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngo-Matshi 1925, xa abantu aba-747 bafa. Okwesibini-kuninzi ngoMatshi 1932, xa i-332 yabhubha.
Ukuqhaqhaza kwenza u-Apreli inyanga ekhutheleyo yentshonkotha, kwaye i-tornadoes ayi-600 yakha. Ingxelo yangaphambili yayingama-542 eenkwenkwezi ngoMeyi ka-2003. Kwakhona kwazisa inani leminyaka yee-881 zenyakatho, malunga nesiqingatha serekhodi ye-1917 eyayisetyenziswe ngo-2004. (Umthombo: iBloomberg, "Ukubulawa kweNkqantosi ebhubhayo ingaba yinto embi kakhulu kwiMbali," ngoMeyi 4, 2011)
Yintoni Ebangele Ukulimala KweTornado?
Iziqhwithi zivame ukuhlasela empuma yeRockies ngexesha lentsasa kunye nehlobo. Ngokomyinge, iimvumba eziyi-800 zithatha unyaka, zibulala abantu abangama-80 kwaye zonakalisa ezili-1,500. Ukususela ngo-2008, loo myinge uye wanda ukuya kuma-1,300 ngonyaka. Iingqungquthela ezinobundlobongela zinokuba nezantya zomoya ezingaphezu kwama-250 mph kwaye ziyeke umonakalo umgama ubude kunye neekhilomitha ezili-50 ubude.
Iqhankqalazo nayiphi na ikholomu yomoya ejikelezayo ngokukhawuleza isuka kwi-thunderstorm ukuya emhlabathini. Iindudumo ezenza iindubhu zivelise kwindawo efudumalayo, ebomileyo ngaphambi kokufudumala kwempumalanga kunye nomoya owomileyo, owaziwa ngokuthi "omile." I-United States yiyona "indawo eshushu" yehlabathi ngenxa yeengqungquthela, ngenxa yendibaniselwano yomhlaba omkhulu (iiNtlanzi eziMkhulu) ezivuthayo kwiintsuku ezishisayo, umoya obandayo, omile ovela kwiiRockies, kunye nomoya oshushu ovela eGulf of Mexico . Umjelo womhlaba we-jet swoosh zonke ezi kunye ukudala iTornado Alley.
Umonakalo ovela kwingqungquthela kuxhomekeke ekubeni uhlasela indawo ezisemaphandleni okanye kwiidolophu. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqabha kwindleko kuyenzeka ngoMeyi 4-11 2003. Ubuncinane ubuncwane be-tornadoes babulala amazwe asibhozo, kuquka iKansas City, Oklahoma City kunye noJackson, eTennessee. Umonakalo wawuyi $ 3.2 billion. Umfokazi ka-Omaha, uWarren Buffett , waxwayisa ukuba iintlekele zemvelo zibe yingozi enkulu kubutyebi kunobungqonge.
Ngaba ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukunyusa inani leTornados?
Abanye bathi ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukunyuka umonakalo wenkanyamba. Kungenxa yokuba iGulf of Mexico iyafudumala. Ukwandisa umahluko xa ubetha umoya obandayo ukusuka kwiiRockies. Kodwa abanye bathi ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukunciphisa inani le-tornados. Kungenxa yokuba umoya ofudumele weGulf uvuselela umoya obandayo ukusuka kwiiRockies.
Izifundo ezimbini ezahlukileyo ngo-2007 zachaza ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokwandisa uhlobo lwemozulu yezulu edla iindwangu.
KwiiNkqubo zeSizwe seSizwe seSayensi, iJeff Trapp yeYunivesithi yePurdue yathi inani leentsuku ezenza iindudumo ezinamandla ziphindwe kabini ngasekupheleni kwekhulu. Usosayensi wophando lwe- NASA uTony Del Genio uyavuma ukuba umsebenzi wempuphu unokuba usakhula. UDel Genio uvelise imodeli yekhompyutheni ukuphanda impembelelo yokufudumala kwehlabathi kwi-kornado activity. Ngokomphando wakhe, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukhulisa amathuba okuhlaziywa okuqinileyo. Yilapho umoya ushukunyuka uphinde uhla endaweni yecala, efana ne-incubator ye-kornadoes. Imodeli yekhompyutheni yabikezela ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuza kubangela ukuba iimeko ezinokuthi zibangele iindubhu ezinobungozi kakhulu.