Ukuqonda iNgeniso yokuTyala imali kunye neentlobo zabathengi abasebenzisa
Ezi ziyaziwa njengegunya lokutyalomali . Yiyo yokugqibela-imali yokugcina imali - endifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga nale nqaku.
Iyintoni isicwangciso-mali sokutsalwa kwemali? Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Ziziphi iingeniso kunye nokusilela? Kutheni umntu angayikhetha malunga nezinye iindlela? Imibuzo emikhulu, bonke. Makhe sijonge kuzo ukuze uvelise ngokuqonda okungcono iintlobo zentalo ezingabanjelwa kwipotifoliyo yesicwangciso sengeniso, kwakunye neendleko zithuba oza kuba nazo ngokungakhethi enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo.
1. Iyintoni Isicwangciso-mali sokuTyala?
Ibinzana elithi "isicwangciso-mali sokutyalomali-mali" sibhekisela ekubambeni iphothifoliyo yeempahla ezijoliswe ngokukodwa ukwenzela ukwandisa ingeniso yonyaka engenakwenziwa yimali . Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, ukugcina amandla okuthenga emva kokuhlengahlengiswa kwemali kubalulekile . Inkxalabo ephakamileyo ephezulu kukukhula ukwenzela ukuba izabelo zangempela , inzala kunye neendleko zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunomlinganiselo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
2. Iyintoni Injongo yesiCwangciso sokuTyala seNgeniso?
Isizathu sokuba abatyalo-mali baqokelele iphothifoliyo yengeniso kukuvelisa umgca weengxowa-mali ongasetyenziswayo namhlanje, uphonywe ngaphandle kokuqokelelwa kwezinto eziphezulu eziphezulu kunezibonelelo ezivumayo; imali engasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iindleko, ukuthenga ukutya, ukuthenga iyeza, ukuxhasa izizathu ezinobungqina , ukufundiswa kwilungu lentsapho okanye nayiphi na injongo.
3. Ziziphi iindidi zoTyalo-mali ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweCandelo lePortfolio?
Ulwabiwo oluthile lweefa phakathi kwamacandelo e- asethi ahlukeneyo luyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bepotfoliyo, ixabiso lentengo efumanekayo ngexesha iipotifoliyo lakhiwe , kunye neminye imiba kodwa, ngokubanzi, isicwangciso-mali siya kufuna umxube we:
- Ekhuselekileyo, ekhusekileyo, i- dividends ehlawula i-blue chip stocks kunye ne- balance balance sheet ezinexesha elide lokugcina okanye ukukhulisa isabelo ngasinye ngesahlulo ngexesha lexesha elidlulileyo kunye nokuthengiswa kwemarike
- Izibondlo kunye nezinye izibambiso ezingenisiweyo ezibandakanya iibhondi zeeNondyebo, izibophelelo zoshishino , kunye nezibophezelo zikamasipala njengoko zifanelekile ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zerhafu ze-akhawunti (umzekelo, awuyi kubamba iintambo zeeRhafu kwi-Roth IRA okanye enye indawo yokukhusela yerhafu ngaphantsi naliphi na iimeko ezibonakalayo )
- Ixabiso elibandakanya zombini ubunini bepropati (mhlawumbi ngeenkampani ezinomthwalo ongezantsi ) okanye ngeendleko zokutsalwa kwezindlu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-REIT . Ezi zilandelayo zineempembelelo ezichaseneyo kakhulu kwaye umtyalo-mali unokuhlanjululwa ngaphandle kokulingana kwakhe xa iqela lolawulo lingazimeli ngokwaneleyo kodwa i-REIT enokuthengwa kakuhle ingabangela ukudala ubutyebi obuninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokuditywa kwemarike yokugqibela ngo-2008-2009, ezinye ii-REIT zalahlekelwa ngu-60%, 70%, i-80% + yexabiso lawo lemarike njengoko izahlulo zokuqashiswa zavalwa. Abatyalomali abathengile la mathupha njengoko ihlabathi liye lahlukana, ngezinye iimeko, bathathe ixabiso labo lokuthenga kwiimali ezahlukileyo zemali (ukulawulwa kwakhawuleza ukuwabuyisela kwakhona xa izimo ziphuculisiwe njengoko zifunwa ngumthetho ukusabalalisa ama-90% umvuzo wabo wenzuzo ukuze bafumane ukukhululeka kwiirhafu zenkampani) kwaye ngoku baqokelela i-15% okanye i-20% + isivuno-mali kwixabiso
- Ubambiswano obuncinane, okanye iMLPs . Ezi zinto zizodwa zikarhulumente ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanyekayo ezingabonakaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kumbono werhafu, ukunika amandla okukhusela iimpapasho kwiirhafu ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokunciphisa okanye ukuhlawulwa kwezibonelelo. I-MLP ngokuyinhloko, nangona ingekho kuphela, ifunyenwe kumashishini anempahla enzima, ingakumbi kulawo makhaya kunye nangaphezulu, njengamapayipi kunye nokucocwa kwempahla. Abathengi imali kufuneka baqaphele kakhulu ngokubamba ii-MLP kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage ene- margin yokukwazi ngenxa yeemeko ezingaphuhlisa apho ungazithengisi iimpahla zakho, kodwa, ngenjongo yentlawulo, zithathwa njengezithengiswa, zikhupha irhafu yentlawulo kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba ukhulise imali. Iinkcukacha zigqithise ngaphaya kweli nqaku kodwa ukuba ubamba ii-MLPs, yakha i-akhawunti yemali ekhethiweyo kuphela okanye i-akhawunti yokugcina. (Ukuba unobungakanani bexabiso elifanelekileyo, kwaye unomngcipheko omkhulu, usenokufuna ukubamba iqumrhu elijongene nokunyaniseka.)
- Amatyala eenkundla zeenkundla. Ezi zixhaswa ngemali ekhompyutheni yokuthengiswa esidlangalaleni (ezahlukileyo kwii- trusts zentengiso yeeyunithi ezisisiseko), kwiimeko ezininzi, azivunyelwanga ukukhula kodwa kunokuba zibambe iqoqo leempahla ezimele zilawulwe kunye nemali eyabelwe yi-trustee, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhanki. Ezi zithemba zivame ukubamba ilungelo lokunikezelwa kwempahla kwioli kunye nemithombo yamanzi egesi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, banokuphila okuphelileyo. Kuya kuza kwinqanaba apho baya kuphelelwa lixesha baze bachitheke ngoko kufuneka uqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uhlawula ixabiso elingqinelanayo kunye nezibonelelo eziqinisekisiweyo ngokulinganisela ngokulinganisela kwexabiso elinokuthi lifumaneke kwixabiso xa kuthengiswa. Le ndawo yinto engcono ukuba ungayinyatheli ngaphandle kokuba ungobuchule ngenxa yokuba uya kulahlekelwa yimali. Sekunjalo, zingaba zixhobo ezintle phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, kumntu onokuqonda okunzulu malunga neemakethe zamandla, zamaminerali okanye iimveliso zeempahla.
- Iimali zeemarike zemali , iimali zeemarike kunye kunye nezinye iindlela . Nangona ayilona into efanayo - i-akhawunti yemarike yemali ngumhlobo we-FDIC umthengi okhutshwe ngubhanki ngenkxaso-mboleko yemali ye-market joint fund, kwaye i-joint fund edibeneyo inokutshala imali kwiintlobo ezithile ze-asethi kunye nexabiso lesabelo ukuya kwi $ 1.00 - xa amaxabiso omyinge anxulumene nexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ezi ndlela ezimbini zemali zingabonakalisa indlela emangalisayo yokupaka iimali zerhafu. Ngokomzekelo wee-1990, umzekelo, unokubeka kalula i-10%, i-20%, i-30% + ye-portfolio yakho kwimali yemarike yemali kwaye uqokelele u-4% okanye u-5% + ngemali yakho ngaphandle kokuthatha nayiphi na ingozi ejongene nayo kwimasitokisini, ngokwenene indawo, okanye ezinye iiklasi zeefa.
- Iimpahla ezingaphandle okanye ezingaqhelekanga njengezatifikethi zerhafu okanye ipropati yengqondo (iikopi, iimpawu zokuthengisa, iimvume zamalungelo kunye nezivumelwano zeelayisenisi) zingaba yi-goldmine yoluntu olungileyo oqonda oko akwenzayo. Ndisandul 'uphando kwimeko kwiblogi yam yomculi wengoma uDolly Parton, oye wahlawula ixabiso lemali eliqikelelwa phakathi kweedola ezingama-450 nezigidi eziyi-900 zamaRandi, ngokubanzi emva kwephothifoliyo yeengoma ezi-3 000 zeengoma zokubhaliweyo, ezazisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imali yepaki yepaki ngoku uphepha imali kwiipokethi zakhe zokuthengisa ithikithi, indawo yokuhlala yehotele, iivenkile zokudlela, amalungelo okukhupha ilayisenisi kunye neemkhumbuzo. Musa ukunyathela apha ngaphandle kokuba wazi into oyenzayo ngenxa yokuba ingaba yingozi.
- Iimali zokugcina imali, ezihlala ziquka i-akhawunti ye-FDC yokuhlola kunye ne- akhawunti yokulondoloza kunye / okanye i-Bonds ye-Nondyebo ye-US, eyona kuphela eyamkelekileyo yemali elinganayo yemali xa ukhuseleko olungapheliyo lwenqununu lingenakuthengiswa. Ngokufanelekileyo, iphothifoliyo yesicwangciso-mali iya kubakho imali eyaneleyo yokugcina ubuncinane bokuhlawulwa kweminyaka emithathu xa ezinye iimpahla ziyeka ukuvelisa izahlulo, inzala, iindleko, izibonelelo, imali engenayo ilayisenisi, okanye ezinye izabelo.
4. Ziziphi iiNzuzo kunye neNgxowamali yePolfoliyo yeSicwangciso seNtengo-mali?
Inzuzo enkulu enkulu yokukhetha isicwangciso sengeniso ufumana imali engaphezulu. Eyona nto inzima kakhulu kukuba ubeka ubuninzi bezobutyebi kwixesha elizayo ekubeni ukubamba kwakho ukuthumela imali eyimfuneko kuwe, kungekhona ukuyibuyisela ukukhula. Kunzima kakhulu kwinkampani efana ne-AT & T okanye i-Verizon, ehambisa ininzi kwinzuzo emnyango kwisahlulo semali esohlanjwe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini esinikwe kwimarike yemasheya yonke, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza njengeshishini I-Chipotle ye-Mexican Grill, eyona ncinane kwaye igcina imali yayo yokuvula indawo ezintsha.
Ukongezelela koko, kunzima ngakumbi kumceli-mali wokufumana imali ukuba asebenzise izinto ezinjenge- tax imperred impact ngenxa yokuba ininzi yengeniso iya kuza kwifom yeentlawulo zemali namhlanje, ezithetha iintlawulo zerhafu kunyaka owamkelweyo.
5. Ziziphi iindidi zabaTyalo-mali abaya kukhetha i-Portfolio Strategy?
Ukugqithisa, abo bakhetha indlela yokufumana ingeniso bawela kwelinye leenkampu ezimbini. Owokuqala ngumntu othabatha umhlalaphantsi kwaye ufuna ukuhlala yakhe kwimali kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlasela inqununu enkulu. Ngokukhetha ukunyuka okuthe kancinci, i- stock -payout stocks , iibhondi , i- real estate kunye nezinye izinto, unokukwazi ukufezekisa oku.
Okwesibini ngumntu ofumana imali eninzi kwintlobo-moya-ukuthengisa ishishini, ukuwina i-lottery, ukufumana ifa lelifa, kwixabiso, nantoni na. Ukuba imali ingenza umehluko omkhulu kwimilinganiselo yabo yokuphila kodwa bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona apho bonke ubomi babo, banokukhetha isicwangciso sengeniso sokusebenza njengoluhlobo lwesibini lokuhlawula ekhaya. Umfanekiso wesithatha ofumana imali engama-40,000 engama-40,000 atshatileyo kumphathi weofisi ofumana i-45,000 $. Bonke, benza i $ 95,000 phambi kwentela. Ngoku khawucinge ukuba ngandlela-thile bafika kwi-$ 1,000,000. Ngokuhamba nesicwangciso sengeniso esiphumelayo, sithi, i-4% yokuhlawula imali yonyaka, iyakuthabatha i-checkout ye-40,000 kwi-portfolio yabo ngonyaka, ukwandisa umvuzo wabo wekhaya ukuya kuma-135,000, okanye ngaphezulu kwama-42%. Oku kuya kwenza umehluko omkhulu kwimilinganiselo yabo yokuphila kwaye babona ukuba baya kuyonwaba ngaphezu kokuba babe neyona mali xa bekhulile. Iimali eziyi-1,000,000 zikhonza njengomhlobo wentsapho yoxanduva, njengekholeji okanye yunivesiti; imali engazange ichithe kodwa izinikezele kuphela ukuvelisa iimali ezichithwayo ngezinye iinjongo.