Kwakubi Kangakanani Isiqhwithi Sandy?
Isiqhwithi sonakaliswe okanye satshatyalaliswa ubuncinane ama-650,000 amakhaya, kwaye iimitha ezigidi ezili-8 zalahlekelwa amandla. Iimvula zamanzi zazikhulu: i-8 1/2 iinyawo eziphakamileyo kunesiqhelo eSandy Hook, eNew Jersey, kunye ne-12 1/2 iinyawo kwi-Kings Point, eLong Island.
USandy wavala iNew York Stock Exchange , ngethuba lokuqala kwiminyaka eyi-27 ukusuka kwiNkupho uGloria. Kwaye ukutshintshiselana ngekhompyutha, kusekelwe eNew Jersey, kwavalwa ukuze kungabikho ingozi kubasebenzi basekho. Ukutshintshiselwa kwavalwa kwakhona ngoLwesibili, ukuvalwa kokuqala kwemihla emibini ngenxa yemozulu ukususela ngo-1888.
NgoJanuwari 10, 2018, iSixeko saseNew York saxoxisana neenkampani ezinkulu zeoli ukwenzela ukuba zenze umonakalo owenziwe yiNkantyambo uSandy. Ifuna ukuhlawulela isixeko ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphathelele kutshintsho lwemozulu . Ithi iinkampani zibandakanya indima yabo imveliso ekufudumeni kwehlabathi . Umonakalo okongeziweyo ovela kwiindwangu ziyimiphumo elilodwa lokushisa kwamaqondo olwandle.
Yintoni eyenza isanti sibi kangaka
USandy wabetha i-seaboard yaseMpuma nje ngexesha le- Halloween ngo- 2012. Le nkosi yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Frankenstorm yiNational Weather Service ngenxa yokuba idibanise ukuphela kwexesha leNqanaba 1.
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlasele umhlaba, uSandy wayeqhwithela e-Atlantic enkulu kunazo zonke, efikelela kwiimitha ezili-900 ububanzi. Le nkqubo, idibene nemimoya engama-150 mph yomlambo we-jet, iqhube i-monster ngasentla ngasePennsylvania naseNew York State.
Isiqhwithi sasiqhutyelwa eUnited States ngesimo sezulu sesithathu esaziwa njenge-North Atlantic Oscillation.
Njengoko iqhube elunxwemeni, ithabatha umswakama ovela kwiGulf Stream. Ukwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu, uSandy wenza ukuhlaselwa kwangethuba ngexesha lokuphela kwenyanga, okwenza isiphepho siphezulu ngaphezu kweqhelekileyo.
USandy wayengumcimbi wesiphepho esasisisigxina, ubeka abantu abayizigidi ezingama-50 engozini. Okubuhlungu kukuba, abantu abangama-72 bafa ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yesikhukhula, kunye nokufa kwabangu-87 bevela kwi-hypothermia ngenxa yokuphuma kwamandla, i-carbon monoxide kunye neengozi ngexesha lokucoca.
Impembelelo kunye Neempembelelo Zomoya
Isiqhwithi siphezulu sagubha i-600-kilometer e-Eastern Seaboard. I-Lower Manhattan yeBattery Park yahlaselwa ngamaza angama-14, ixabisa i-Hurricane Donna ye-10.02-foot record echazwe ngoSeptemba 1960. Ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-Atlantic City yayingaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye ezinye zeBhodiwalk zazisuswa.
Zonke iiLwandle eziLwandle eziMakhulu zaxwayiswa ngumoya wamandla njengokuba isiphepho sasihamba ngoLwesibili. Amaqonga ama-20 kuya kweenyawo ezingama-25 anokwenzeka kumzantsi weLake Michigan.
Imimoya yafikelela kwi-80 mph ephezulu xa uSandy enza ukuwa. Ngelo xesha iqhwithi lityhutyha liye laya kwisiqhwithi esiphezulu. Imimoya yayivakala njengentshona ekude njengamaLwandle amakhulu kunye neCanada.
Amandla okuphuma
Izikhululo zogunyaziso zeSandy zikhuni. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8 babengenamandla, njengoko izitishi zikhukhula kwaye imithi yawela kumigqa yamandla.
U-Con Ed uthe wathola umonakalo obi kakhulu kwinkqubo yawo, kwashiya abantu abangama-780,000 abangenawo amandla. Ezi ziquka izibhedlele ezininzi. NYU Langone kunye neConey Island baxoshwa. Umzantsi Manhattan wawumnyama. Amagosa athi amandla apheleleyo angeke abuyiselwe iiveki, njengoko beqhubeka behlola umonakalo. I-Repairmen yayibetha ngamanzi ngokuphuma emanzini ombane.
I-New York State yacela abasebenzi base-4,000 basebenzisi kude ukusuka eCalifornia. Ubuncinane i-90% ye-Long Island yayingenamandla, ichaphazela abantu abayi-800,000.
Zothutho
Ekubeni uSandy uthatha i-hub enkulu yokuhamba, yathintela kakhulu ukuhamba.
- Izindiza ezingaphezu kwe-15,000 ukuya eNew York nakwezinye iinqwelo-moya zase-East Coast zacinywa. NgoLwesibini emva kwesiphepho, zonke iinqwelo-moya zaseNew York zavalwa.
- Inqanawa yaseNew York yanyuka ngamanzi olwandle kwaye yahlala ivalwe ngoLwesibini ekuseni. Lo ngumonakalo obi kakhulu kwimbali yayo yeminyaka eyi-108. Zonke izitimela zahanjiswe kwiiyadi kwaye zazingonakali.
- Iinkqubo zebhasi zeMTA zivaliwe. Inkonzo yebhasi encinci yabuyiselwa ngoLwesibili emva kwemini, kunye neepesenti ezingama-100 zavuselelwa ngoLwesithathu emva kwesiphepho.
- I-AMTRAK ivaliwe.
- Amabhuloho kunye neendlela zavalwa eManhattan. Amanzi amabhuloho e-East River avulekileyo ngoLwesibini. Abaqhubi beChab bavunyelwe ukuba bathathe abangaphezu komntu omnye.
Blizzard Impact
Njengoko isiqhwithi sagubha phambili ebandayo, imvula yajika ikhephu. Oku kwazisa imeko ye-blizzard kwaye yehla iinqaba ezimbini ukuya kwi-West West Virginia. Ezinye iindawo ezisemzantsi-ntshona yeVarginia naseKentucky zanikwa iinyawo ezimbini ngoku. AmaApalaki eNorth Carolina naseTennessee bafumana ukufikelela kuma-intshi angu-18. (Umthombo: "I-Sandy Mey Push Record Surge to Manhattan," eBloomberg, Oktobha 29, 2012. I-CNBC yokusasazwa.)
Ukulimala kwePropati
Kwakukho umlilo ongaphezu kwe-20 kwindawo enkulu eNew York. Inkulu kunomlilo o-6 e-Queens, imizi engaphezu kwe-80 yabhujiswa naphezu kwemizamo yabacimi bomlilo abangaphezu kwe-200 abaye bazama ukukhupha umlilo. (Umthombo: CNBC.)
Impembelelo kwixabiso leGesi neoli
Ixabiso lentengo yeGesi lahla emva kwesiphepho, nangona kuvaliwe kwezinye izinto zokucocwa. Amaxabiso e-oyile aqala ukuwa, kuba kwakunomlinganiselo omncinci kwimpahla yokucoca. (Umthombo: i-CNBC. "Iislayidi ze-oyile I-Gasoline izuza njengeSandy Nears eMelika," iBloomberg, Oktobha 29, 2012.)
Indlela uSandy efanisa ngayo nezinye izibetho ezinkulu
USandy wayengowesiqhwithi sesine esiyingozi . Iyona nto yayingumngcipheko uKatrina , isiqhwithi sesi-3. Ixabisa uqoqosho phakathi kwama-R10 billion ukuya kwii-250 zamawaka ezigidi. Kwashiya abantu abayi-1,836 bafile. Ininzi yemonakalo kaKatrina yayingenxa yokukhukula eNew Orleans.
Okwesibini eyona nto yayonakalisa iHurman Harvey . Le nqanaba yesiqhwithi sesi-4 sabetha iTexas ngo-Agasti 25, 2017. Ixabisa i-$ 180 billion kwaye yabulala abantu abangama-70.
Isithathu sasiyiNtlaphu Irma . KwakuyiSigaba sesiqhwithi sesi-5 esabiza uqoqosho lwama-dollar ayi-100. Uninzi lomonakalo owenziwe emva kokuba ufike eFlorida ngoSeptemba 10, 2017. Ukufa okungafanelekanga ngabantu abangama-101.
USandy washaya iNkanyamba iIke . Kwakuyi-2 yesiqhwithi esibetha iTexas ngo-2008. Ixabisa uqoqosho lwe-US $ 29.5 billion. Le ndawo yayisichithwa yiNkantwa uGustav ezimbini iveki ngaphambili.
Isiqhwithi uAndreya sasisiGaba sesi-5 esihlasela iFlorida ngo-1992. Satshatyalalisa i-$ 26.5 billion kwipropati.
Isiqhwithi esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuhlasela iNew York ngaphambi kokuba iSandy ibe yiNkantyambo Floyd ngo-1999. Isiqhwithi sesi-2 senze i-$ 4.5 billion. Isiqhwithi esandula kutshanje esasichitha iNew York ngaphambi kokuba uSandy ibe yiNkantyambo yase-Isabel ngowama-2003 (Imithombo: "Iingqungquthela ezingamashumi amathathu eziseTropiki zaseTropiki zaseMelika," Azingaguquki kwi-inflation .Imemorandam ye-NOAA, ngo-Agasti 2013. "Okufuneka Ukwazi NgeSandy," iBloomberg, Oktobha 29, 2012.)