Imonakalo ye-Irma ingaba yi-$ 300 Billion Ukuba i-Hit Miami
Lezo zomoya zadluliselwa ngamamayela angama-50 ukusuka kwiziko. Iimoya zomoya zomoya eziqhumayo zangezigidi ezili-185 ukusuka kwiziko.
Isiqhwithi sawo sasogwini sasinxweme ezingama-20 ngaphezu kwamazinga aqhelekileyo emanzini. Iqondo lokushisa elwandle elincinci lala ma-86 degrees Fahrenheit lixhasa isiphepho.
I-Irma ibanjwe ii-watriyoni ezingama-7 zamanzi. Kuphindwe kabini kuzo zonke iibhobho ezisetyenziswe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Amandla ayo ayenamandla kangangokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-seismometers kubhaliwe. Yenza amandla e-cyclone amaninzi angama-24 kwixesha leeyure ezingama-24.
Ukuhlaselwa kuka-Irma kwaba ngowokuqala kwiminyaka eyi-100 ukuba izibhukubini ezimbini zididi lwe-4 okanye ezinkulu zibetha ilizwe lase-United States ngaloo nyaka. Iphepho uHarvey yonakalisa iHouston ngoAgasti 25, 2017.
Umlinganiselo
UMongameli uTump uvakalise iimeko eziphuthumayo eFlorida, ePuerto Rico, naseVil Virgin Islands. NgoSeptemba 6, iRailyor irhuluneli yayala ukuba abahlali beeKeyys bahambe.
NgoSeptemba 6, 2017: I- Irma ithintela iIlaeward Islands kunye nemimoya engaphezu kwama-180 mph. UNdunankulu waseAntigua noBarbuda uchaza iBarbuda ngokuthi "ayikho indawo yokuhlala."
NgoSeptemba 7: Irma washiya amakhulu ePuerto Rico ngaphandle kwamandla.
It hit kwindawo esenyakatho yeHaiti kunye neRiphablikhi yaseRominican eneemitha ezili-15 zemvula.
NgoSeptemba 8: I- Irma yahlala iCandelo le-5 lephepho nomoya we-175 mph. Kwachaphazela amaTurks neCaicos Islands neMpuma yeBahamas. Isiqhwithi sasihamba phezu kwamanzi ashushu kunama-degrees ama-Celsius okanye ama-degrees ama-Fahrenheit angama-86.
Ukufudumala ngokwaneleyo ukutya iSigaba sesi-5. Urhulumente kaBarbuda wakhipha umlindi ngeNkupho uJoseph.
NgoSeptemba 9: Irma yathintela inxweme esenyakatho yeCuba ikhukula iHaana. Imimoya nge-150 mph kunye namaza angama-29. Umoya usuka kuma-55 mph hit-mpuma ye-Florida. Isiqhwithi sagxininiswa kwiCandelo 3 kodwa kwacetyiswa ukuba kuphinde sithole amandla ngaphambi kokushaya iFlorida.
NgoSeptemba 10: I- Irma yaphuculwa kwiCandelo le-4. It hit hit Cudjoe Key, iikhilomitha ezingama-20 kumntla we-Key West, kwaye emva koko i-Naples. UMiami akazange afumane umgaqo we-Irma kodwa wafumana iziganeko ezisongela ubomi. I-Florida Keys ifumane imvula eyi-intshi ezili-12 kunye nesantya se-10-foot. Imvula iphakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwe-15 intshi.
NgoSeptemba 11: I- Irma idityaniswe kwisiqhwithi seNqanaba 1 njengoko sasiya eTampa. Phantse abantu abayizigidi ezi-6 babengenambane. I-Irma yachithwa kwisiqhwithi esiphezulu njengokuba itshaya iGeorgia. Kukho abantu abayizigidi ezi-1.5 abalahlekelwa amandla. Urhulumente wayala abantu ukuba baqale ukuphuma kwiSeptemba 9.
Amaqiniso Ngomngcipheko I-Irma's Damage
Ukususela ngoSeptemba 23, 2017, inani lokufa kwaba ngabantu abayi-102, kuquka ne-75 eFlorida. Kulabo bantu, abadala abangama-11 babhubha kwikhaya labahlengikazi elahlekelwa yimoya yomoya. Abantu abalishumi elinesine bafa eFlorida Keys.
Irma yonakalise iipesenti ezingama-90 zezakhiwo kwiBarbuda.
Yatshatyalalisa phantse yonke into yonxibelelwano kwaye yashiya ama-60 ekhulwini kwabemi abangenamakhaya. Urhulumente waxosha abemi abangama-300 e-Antigua.
Izikhulu zaseFlorida zayala abantu abayizigidi ezi-6.5 ukuba baphume. Kwakukho abantu abangama-77,000 kwiihostele ezingama-450.
Imvula enkulu eburhulumenteni yawela kwi-Fort Pierce. Ifumene 15.9 intshi. Iimimoya ezinamandla kunama-142 mph hit Naples.
Irma ihlasela iMiami ngemimoya ye 90 mph. Iinqwelo ezintathu zawa kunye nezitalato zikhukhula. I-Miami-Dade, i-Monroe, kunye neeklasi ze-Broward 'zokwakha zineemeko eziphezulu zomoya. Bafunda ukuphucula ukulungiswa kwabo emva kweNkupho uAndreya wabetha ngo-1992. Kodwa oko akunakho ukubonelela ngokwaneleyo ukhuseleko. "Akukho sakhiwo eMiami esakhelwe ukujamelana nemimoya yama-185 mph," kuchaza uKeith Wolfe, umphathiswa we-US kunye nokubulawa kweSwitzerland Re.
Kodwa iipesenti ezingama-70 zezakhiwo zommandla zakhiwa ngaphambi kowe-1994.
Abaninzi babo abazange baphinde babuyiselwe. Kwaye ukuphakama okuphezulu kwikhowudi yomoya ephakamileyo iya kuba nemvula eninzi ewela emaphandleni.
Ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kubeka impembelelo kwi-intanethi kwi-$ 100 yezigidigidi. Kodwa umonakalo unokunyuka uphezulu njenge $ 300 billion. Oko kukutsho kwenkampani ye-inshurensi yaseSwitzerland Re. Kubalwa ukuba ilahleko ezikhuselekile ezivela kwisiGaba sesi-5 ziya kuhlawula phakathi kweedola ezingama-60 ukuya kwii-100 zamawaka ezigidi . Kodwa iipesenti ezingama-60 kuphela zezakhiwo ziqinisekisiwe ngenxa yeso siphepho esikhulu.
I-Swiss Re iqikelela ukuba ixabiso lezindlu eMiami-Dade, i-Broward, kunye neeklasi zasePalm Beach ziphantse ku-R660 billion. I-real estate ye-Commercial ixabisa i-$ 550 billion.
I-Irma isongela i-$ 1.2 yezigidigidi eFlorida ukuvelisa izityalo. Urhulumente ngowona wesibini umlimi okhulayo weemifuno ezinjengezamatamatayi, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza kunye namakhukhamba. Ukunqongophala kokusweleka kungasasaza ijusi le-orange kunye nexabiso leshukela ephakamileyo kwiintsuku ezikhokelela kwisiqhwithi. Ukuba i-Irma ibetha iGeorgia kunye neColinas nzima ngokwaneleyo, bekuya kuthintela ingqolowa, i-soybean, i-cotton, kunye namaxabiso e-peanut.
I-Irma yayiya kwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa iFlorida yafunda kwiNqhwanguba uCharley ngo-2004 kunye neNkuthazi-Andrew ngo-1992. Urhulumente wavuselela iikhowudi zokwakha ukuze zenze izindlu zikwazi ukunyamezela kwiindwangu. Ngenxa yoko, iipesenti ezingama-80 zamakhaya ekwindlela ka-Irma zakhiwe ukuba zilunge ukujamelana neziphepho.
Nangona kukho iikhowudi ezintsha, iFlorida yindawo ephezulu ebiza izindlu zinshurensi. I-Floridians yahlawula i-$ 5,575 eyi-$ 200,000 ngomgaqo-mali we-$ 200,000 kunye ne-$ 1,000 echithwayo. Iphindwe kabini umyinge wesizwe.
Iindlela ezintathu zokufudumala kwehlabathi zenziwe iIrma
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubangele igalelo lika-Irma ngezindlela ezintathu. Okokuqala, ukuphakama kwamanzi olwandle kwenza ukuba izikhukula zikhusele. Inqanaba lolwandle ngeenxa zonke eFlorida liphakama kathathu ngokukhawuleza kunomlinganiselo. Ininzi yale nto ingenxa ye-El Nino kunye nezinye iindawo zesithili. Kodwa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukunyusa le mijikelezo yendalo. Kungenxa yokuba ukushisa okufudumalayo kuncibilikise i-ice caps e-Antarctica. Bayehla nge-1.6 mitha ngonyaka, xa kuthelekiswa no-3.8 wamentimitha ngonyaka ngaphambi kowe-1992.
Okwesibini, ukushisa kwe-Agasti ka-2017 ephakathi kwe-Agasti kwaba sesine-yeshumi sezinga eliqhelekileyo ngaphezulu. Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo laseFlorida ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Apreli 2017 kwakufudumele kakhulu ngeli xesha kwiirekhodi. Ixesha le-2016 lalifudumele kakhulu ukususela ngo-2010 eSouth Florida. Izixhenxe ezidlulileyo ezidlulileyo ezili-10 ziye zazingaphezu kweqhelekileyo.
Umoya wokufudumala ugcina umswakama obuninzi, ngoko akunakuncipha. Kodwa xa kunjalo, amanzi awela ezintsheni. Oku kwenza imvula enkulu ngexesha lephepho.
Okwesithathu, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kukunciphisa iipateni zemozulu. Oko kwavumela i-Irma kunye nezinye iziphepho ukuba zihambe ngokucotha ngakumbi kunezinye eziqhelekileyo. Baye baninzi ixesha lokulimaza umonakalo.
Ukulimala kwe-Irma kufana njani nezinye iintlekele zeNdalo
Ubungakanani buka-Irma kunye namandla akhe abonakalisa nayiphi na into ehamba ngayo. KwakuyiNqanaba lesi-5 kunye nemimoya ye-185 mph kunye neengqungquthela zesibhakabhaka ezenza amaza angama-20 aphezulu ngaphezu kwamanqatha aqhelekileyo. Oku kuya kuthinta kakhulu iMami. Izinga lokulwandle likhuphuka ngama-3,4mimitha ngonyaka ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ukususela ngo-1992, i-3.34 intshi yavuswa. Oko kuthetha ukuba i-Miami Beach ngoku ikhukula ngexesha "zamatye". Ukunyuka kwama-intshi amathathu kuphindaphinda iindleko zomonakalo ukusuka kwintlambo ehambelana neqhwithi, ngokutsho kweSwitzerland Re.
Isiqhwithi uKatyrat sabiza i-$ 160 billion. KwakuyiNkqutyana yesiqhwithi sesi-3 esakhula i-New Orleans. Uninzi lomonakalo obangelwa yimvula yeqhwithi ephazamise inkqubo ye-levee.
Iphepho iHarvey yabiza i-$ 125 billion. KwakuyiNqanaba le-4 leqhwithi elahla ngaphezu kwama-intshi angama-50 intshi. Isikhukula siphumo sasihlanganisa i-sibini yesithathu saseHouston, eTexas. Iqhwithi iMaris yinto yesithathu eyona nto, idala imali engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-90 kwiPuerto Rico. Isiqhwithi uSandy sashaya eNew York naseNew Jersey ngo-2012. Sashiye umonakalo we-$ 65 billion.
Iqhwithi i-Irma yintlanu yesiqhamo esininzi kakhulu kwi $ 50 billion. Thelekisa i-Irma kwiimpompo ezili-20 ezonakalisayo kwiimbali zase-US.