Utyalo-mali Isifundo 3 - Ukuhlalutya iShidi lokuBhalisa
Inkcazo yeNtsebenzo
Inkcitho yokusebenza engebiyo ichaza imeko xa iimfanelo ezikhoyo zigqithisa ixabiso langoku . Ngamanye amagama, kukho ityala lexeshana elifutshane kunokuba kukho ixabiso lempahla elifutshane.
I-Capital Operative Capital ingaba yinto enhle kwiintlobo ezithile zezo shishino
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu bacinga ukuba ingxowankulu yokusebenza engasebenzi yentlekele. Emva kwakho konke, ukuba awukwazi ukumboza iindleko zakho, kunokufuneka ufune ukukhuselwa kwenkundla yebhanki kuba ababolekisi bakho baya kuqala ukukulandela. Xa kwenziwa ngedalwe, nangona kunjalo, imali engasebenzi yokusebenza ingaba yindlela yokwandisa ishishini kwimali yabanye abantu.
Ngokukodwa, i-engxowankulu yokusebenza engenziyo idla ngokukhawuleza xa ishishini lenza imali ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi ingathengisa umkhiqizo kumthengi ngaphambi kokuba ihlawule umrhumo wayo kumthengisi. Okwangoku, kusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngemali yomthengisi ukukhula.
USam Walton, umsunguli weWalmart, wayedume ngokukwenza oku. Wayekwazi ukuvelisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kangangokuthi iphakame ukubuyisela ukubuyisela kwi-equity ngokusebenzisa uphahla (ukuqonda indlela oku kusebenza ngayo, kufuneka ufunde iRePont Model yokubuyisela ukuhlahloka komlinganiso ). UWalton wayeyintengiselwano yokurhweba eyayinokubethekisa umonakalo malunga nokugcina imali.
Wayeyilungiselela ubuninzi bezinto zokuthengwa kwaye abe nomcimbi wokuqhaqhazela kuyo, ukuthatha inzuzo yokwandisa ubukumkani bakhe.
Ukongezelela, imali engasebenzi yokusebenza ingatshintshwa ngokuhamba kwexesha njengeqhinga kunye neemfuno zenguqu yoshishino. Xa ndiqala ukubhala le sifundo emva ko-2001 okanye ngo-2002, ndathatha idatha-yakutshanje ukusuka kwi-McDonald's Corporation, ebonisa ukuba indawo yokutyela enkulu kunazo zonke ibenomsebenzi ongezantsi wamaRandi angama-698.5, phakathi kuka-1999 no-2000. Ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela ekupheleni kuka-2017, kwaye Unokubona ukuba iMcDonald yayinemali efanelekileyo yokusebenza eyi-$ 2.44 yezigidigidi ngenxa yeengxowa ezinkulu zemali. Oku kubangelwe, inxalenye, kwisigqibo esitsha sokulawula ukutshintsha isakhiwo-mali soshishino . Injongo yayiwukuba usebenzise amaxabiso omgangatho ophantsi kunye neendawo eziphezulu zexabiso kunye nokuvuza abatyali-mali beMcDonald. Ngokukodwa, iqumrhu likhupha inani elikhulu leebhondi ezintsha , ibuye iphengululwe ezininzi izitishi zayo zenkampani, kunye nokwahlula kwemali kunye nokwabelana ngokuthengwa .
Okwangoku, iinqwelo zeemoto ezithengisayo ukuba ndenza imali eninzi ebusweni bam ubomi, i-AutoZone, ine-capital work engaphezu kwe-$ 155 yezigidi ekupheleni konyaka we-2017. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-AutoZone iye yahamba kwinkqubo yokusebenza yolwazi apho ayinayo eyona nto ininzi kwi-shelves yayo.
Kunoko, abathengisi balo bayithumela kwisitoreji, baxhaswe ngeendlela ezivumela i-AutoZone ukuba ikhulule imali yayo. Kwakhona kwakhulula ubutyebi obuninzi obubophelelwe kwipotfoliyo yayo.
Umzekelo Wendlela yokuSebenza okungalungangayo
Iimpawu zentsebenziswano engalunganga zihlala kwicandelo lokuthengisa. Makhe sihlolisise imeko ephathelele iWalmart. Masithi i-Walmart iyalela iikopi ezingama-500 000, kwaye kufuneka ihlawule i-studio ye-movie ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30. Kuthekani ukuba ngomhla wesithandathu okanye wesixhenxe, i-Walmart sele isele ifake iiDVD kwii-shelves ezithengayo kwilizwe lonke? Ngomhla wamashumi amabini, banokuba bathengise zonke iiDVD. Ekugqibeleni, iWalmart ifumana iiDVD, iwahambisa kwiivenkile zayo, kwaye iwathengisa kumthengi (ukwenza inzuzo kwinkqubo), bonke ngaphambi kokuba bahlawule i studio!
Ukuba i-Walmart ingaqhubeka nokukwenza kunye nabo bonke ababoneleli bayo, ayifuni ngokwenene ukufumana imali eyaneleyo ekuhlawuleleni zonke iingxelo ezihlawulwayo ngenxa yokuba entsha, imali entsha isenziwa rhoqo kumanqanaba anele ukufihla nayiphi na iindleko ezinokuba ngenxa yaloo mini. Ngethuba nje oko kuthengiselana kuphelelwe ixesha elifanelekileyo, inkampani inokuhlawulela ibhilikhwe nganye njengoko ifika ngokufanelekileyo, ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo.
Indlela ekhawulezayo, nangona ingafezekanga, yokuxelela ukuba ishishini liqhuba isicwangciso-mali sesicwangciso-mali sesicwangciso-mali sokuqhathanisa isilinganisi sayo sokubala kunye ne-akhawunti yayo ehlawulwayo. Ukuba iimali ezihlawulwayo zikhulu, kwaye i-capital capital is negative, mhlawumbi kwenzeka ntoni.
Iimpawu zeNkqubo zeNkcitho eziMbi ziThengisa ukuBumbana ngaphantsi kweSandla seMashishini
Unako ukufumana inkampani enomsebenzi ongenamsebenzi kwi-balance sheet xa ubhekana namashishini athengisa imali. Ezi shishini azixhawuli ukuthengwa kwabaxhasi kwaye zihlala zityhilela ezininzi zokuthengisa. Ezi ziquka:
- Izitolo zokutya
- Abathengisi bezaphulelo
- Zokutya
- Abathengisi be-intanethi
Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuthenga iNkampani yamahhala
Ukuba ungathenga inkampani ngokubaluleka komsebenzi wayo omkhulu, awuyi kuhlawula nantoni na ishishini. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifundo, enye yemizekelo yasekuqaleni endikunike yona ukusuka ekupheleni kwewaka leminyaka yayiyiqumrhu elibizwa ngokuthi iGoodrich. (Kwiminyaka ukususela kule nto ibhaliwe, iGoodrich ifunyenwe yi-conglomerate United Technologies.) Ngaloo mihla, le nkampani inemali engama-933 yezigidi kwi-capital work. Kwakukho izabelo eziyi-101.9 yezigidi, ezathi isabelo ngasinye seGoodrich sinexabiso elingu-9.16 lexabiso lomsebenzi. Ukuba isitoko sikaGoodrich esake sithengisa i-$ 9.16, ubuya kukwazi ukuthenga isitokhi mahhala, ukuhlawula i-$ 1 kwi-$ 1 nganye kwinkampani inempahla ekhoyo yangoku. Oko kuthetha ukuba awuzange uhlawule nantoni yamandla okufumana ikhampani okanye izinto ezintle eziphathekayo ezifana nepropati, izityalo kunye nezixhobo .
Ngethuba leemarike ezithengiswayo ngo-2008 kunye no-2009, ezinye iinkampani zenze urhwebo ngaphantsi kwamanani abo abasebenzayo. Abatyalomali abathengayo kwiibhasikiti ezahlukahlukeneyo baba nezityebi nangona i-bankruptcies eyenzeka phakathi kwamanye amabanjwa. Ixesha lokugqibela lenzekile nangayiphi na indlela ebalulekileyo yayingu-1973-1974, nangona amashishini athile kunye namacandelo ancibilika ngezikhathi ezithile.
Labo abanomdla kwimbali yokutyalo-mali bayakuvuyela ukwazi ukuba le ndlela yokusebenza eyiyo eyiyo yindlela uBenjamin Graham, uyise wexabiso lokutshala imali, wakha ubuninzi bezobutyebi bakhe emva kokudakumba okukhulu. Kwakungeso siqhinga, awayefundisa umfundi wakhe uWarren Buffett ngethuba lakhe e-Columbia University, okwamvumela uWarren Buffett ukuba abe yindoda ecebile kakhulu kwimbali ngaphambi kokuba anikezele ukugxininisa kwiinkampani eziphezulu ezithengwe kwaye zigcinwe ngonaphakade .