Injongo ephambili yokuhlalutya iphepha lokulinganisela ukuchonga ukuba inkampani inamandla kwaye iyanempumelelo. Isalathisi sokuqala esiya kujonga ngumzekelo ogqityileyo wezo zombini. Inokufumaneka kwiNgxelo ye-Microsoft ye-10K.
Inqaku elikhawulezayo kwiStatsti ye-Balance yeMicrosoft
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuhlalutya, phawula ukuba ngokungafani namanqaku amaninzi e-balance sheet, unyaka osandul 'ukwenziwa ngakwesokunene kwicala.
Le kholomu icacisiwe ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ujonga amanani afanelekileyo.
Ingonge eyongezelelweyo: xa iinkampani zibeka ndawonye i-balance sheet, zithatha ukuyeka i-000 ekupheleni kweenombolo ezide ukugcina indawo. Ukuba ubona phezulu kwiphepha lokulinganisela ukuba amanani athiwa "ngamawaka", yongeza "000" ukuze ufumane inani langempela (okt, i-$ 10 echazwe kumawaka iya kuba yi-$ 10,000). Ukuba isalathisi sichazwe kwizigidi, kuya kufuneka ungeze "i-000,000" (okt, i-$ 10 echazwe kwizigidi kuya kuba yi-10,000,000,000).
Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba sihlalutya iphepha lohlahlo lwabiwo mali ngoJuni ka-2001. Le ngcaciso ingaba yinto eyahlukileyo xa uya kukhangela kwi-Moneycentral, Yahoo !, okanye i-TheStreet kuba baya kusebenzisa idatha yakutshanje. Injongo yolu hlalutyo akuyikukucebisa malunga noko kukuthenga, kodwa kunoko kukubonisa inkqubo yokuhlalutya ibhalansi.
Cash Position
Into yokuqala oya kuyiqaphela kukuba iMicrosoft ine-$ 31.6 yezigidi ngemali kunye nokutyalomali kwexesha elifutshane.
Oku akuthethi nto ngaphandle kokuba uyiqhathanise netyala lenkampani ukufumanisa ukuba liboleke imali. Gxotha phantsi ibhalansi kwaye ujonge nayiphi na ityala lexesha elide. Uyabona ukuba akukho ukungena kuyo. Oku akuyiphutha; I-Microsoft ayikho ityala lexesha elide.
Musa ukuvuyela okwangoku. Khumbula ukuba amanye amashishini akhankanya ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngeemali-mboleko zesikhashana (cinga kwakhona kwisigqeba sethu sokugcina esitolo kwiKrisimesi kwiCandelo 10).
Ukubona ukuba iMicrosoft isebenzisa ityala lexeshana ukuze liphile, jonga iimfanelo ezikhoyo. Ngo-2001, ixabiso elipheleleyo leemali ezikhoyo zeMicrosoft yayingu-11,132. Thelekisa loo mali kwi-31.6 yezigidigidi zemali ngenkokhelo inkampani. Ngaba inayo imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula ityala layo? Ngokuqinisekileyo. I-balance sheet yeMicrosoft ine-3x yemali efunekayo ukuhlawula amatyala akhoyo kunye netyala lexesha elide. Oku ngaphandle kokubala iimali ezifunyenweyo kunye nezinye izinto. Unokuqiniseka ukuba inkampani ayikho nasengozini yokungena phantsi.
Inkunzi yomsebenzi
Masibale i-capital work company. Thatha i-asethi yangoku (i-$ 39,637) kwaye ususe amatyala angoku (i-$ 11,132). Impendulo yi-$ 28,505. I-Microsoft ine-$ 28.5 yezigidi kwi-capital capital.
Ukufumana isabelo-mali ngasinye ngesabelo, jonga kwizantsi lesalathisi. Uya kubona ukuba kukho amaxabiso angama-5.383 amabhiliyoni ahlawulwe. Thatha i-capital capital ye-$ 28.5 yezigidi ze-bhilidi uze uhlule ngee-5.383 zeebhiliyoni ezikhoyo. Impendulo, i-$ 5.29 yeeRhafu, isixa semali yesabelo ngasinye kwisabelo.
Ukuba ungathenga i-stock ye-Microsoft kwi-5.29 ye-share ngayinye, uza kufumana yonke impahla ekhoyo (i- real estate , iikhomputha, utyalo-mali lwangexesha elide, njl.) Kunye nomvuzo wayo / inzuzo ngamnye ngonyaka ukususela ngoku kude kube lula!
Inkampani mhlawumbi ayisoze ithengise loo nto, kodwa kufuneka uhlale uyikhumbula engqondweni xa uhlalutya ishishini. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokunciphisa kwezoqoqosho, uzakufumana iinkampani ezithengisayo kufuphi neendleko zokusebenza.
I-Capital Capital ngeDola yeZentengiso
Sabala imali enkulu yokusebenza kwi-$ 28.505 yezigidigidi. Ngokwemali yengeniso yeMicrosoft, ingeniso yemali (into efanayo neentengiso ezipheleleyo) yafika kwi-25.296 yezigidigidi zeedola. Ukulandela umgaqo we-Working Capital kwiDola yeZentengiso, siza ne-1.12 (okanye i-112%). Oku kuthetha ukuba iMicrosoft inomsebenzi ophezulu ngaphezu kokuthengisa kwayo kunyaka odlulileyo; Ukuba ukhumbule ukusuka kwisifundo, abenzi bemishini enzima bafuna inkunzi enkulu yokusebenza kunye nohlu ukusuka kuma-20-25%. Inani lalingama-112% ligqithise ngokwemigangatho yomntu. Inkxalabo ephambili akufanele ibe yokhuseleko lwemali, kodwa usebenza kakuhle.
Kutheni kungekhona iMicrosoft ebeka le mali ukuba isebenze?
Ulungiso lwangoku
Umyinge wamanje kufuneka ube ngu-1.5 ubuncinane kodwa mhlawumbi ungabi ngaphezu kwe-3 okanye 4. Ukuthatha i-asethi yeMicrosoft ye-asethi kunye nokuwahlula ngamatyala akhoyo, sifumana inkampani yesofthiwe ine-ratio yangoku ye-3.56. Ngaphandle kokuba ishishini ligcina izixhobo zokuqalisa iimveliso ezintsha, ukwakha izixhobo ezintsha zokuvelisa, ukuhlawula ityala, okanye ukuhlawula isabelo kubanini-zimali, umlinganiselo okhoyo ngoku oku phezulu uphawula ukuba abaphathi abasebenzisi imali ngokukhawuleza.
Ulungelelwaniso olukhawulezayo
Ukubala isantya esheshayo, kufuneka sithathe i-asethi esheshayo kwaye siwahlule ngamatyala angoku. Ukuba ufunde iimpahla zangoku zeMicrosoft, uya kuphawula ukuba akukho ukungena kwi-inventory. Uyazi ukuba iMicrosoft ithengisa isofthiwe, oko kuthetha ukuba iimveliso zayo ziquka ulwazi; akudingeki ukuba ithwale i-inventory. Ngokukhawuleza xa umthengi ebeka umyalelo, inkampani inokulayisha iprogram kwi-CD-ROM okanye kwiDVD kwaye ikhuphe ngaphandle kwimihla efanayo. Ngenxa yokuba ayikho i-inventory, akukho mngcipheko we-spoilage okanye u-obsolesce.
Inventory yintoni ebangela ukuba umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwexesha langoku kunye elikhawulezayo. Inani elikhawulezayo lenzelwe ukulinganisa izixhobo ezisisiseko zenkampani ngokumelene namatyala alo akhoyo. Phantse zonke iimithombo zeMicrosoft sele zikhoyo. Ezi zinto kuphela ezingekhoyo i-$ 1.949 zeebhiliyoni kwiirhafu zerhafu ezingenayo (uyayisebenzisa njani ukuphakamisa imali?) Kunye ne-$ 2.417 yezigidigidi ezibhekiselele kwizinto ezikhoyo "ezinye" ezikhoyo. Zithathele ezi zigidi ezingama-39,637 zeebhiliyoni kwiimpahla ezikhoyo kwaye ufumane i-$ 35.271 yezigidigidi. Lezigidigidi ezingama-35 ezimalunga nezinto ezikhawulezayo zimelela izinto ezinokuba inkampani inokuyenza ibe yimali ngokukhawuleza. Ukwahlula ngamatyala angoku (i-$ 35.271 ihlukaniswe ngama-11,132) kwaye ufumana i-3.168. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olunzima kakhulu lweemali, iMicrosoft ine-$ 3.168 kwiimpahla zangoku zonke i-$ 1 ezinamatyala.
Iimpapasho zeeMali zeMicrosoft
| I-Microsoft Balance Sheet - Januwari 31, 2001 Kwi zigidi | ||
| 2000 | 2001 | |
| Iimali kunye nezilinganayo | $ 4,846 | $ 3,922 |
| Utyalo-mali olufutshane | $ 18,952 | $ 27,678 |
| Intlawulo yemali kunye nexesha elifutshane lokutyalomali | $ 23,798 | $ 31,600 |
| Ii-akhawunti zamkelekile | $ 3,250 | $ 3,671 |
| Iirhafu zerhafu ezikhethiweyo | $ 1,708 | $ 1,949 |
| Okunye | $ 1,552 | $ 2,417 |
| Iyonke impahla ekhoyo yangoku | $ 30,308 | $ 39,637 |
| Ipropati, iZityalo kunye nezixhobo, iNet | $ 1,903 | $ 2,309 |
| Ubulungisa kunye nolunye utyalo-mali | $ 17,726 | $ 14,141 |
| Ezinye iimpahla | $ 2,213 | $ 3,170 |
| Iimpahla ezipheleleyo | $ 52,150 | $ 59,257 |
| Ii-akhawunti Ezibhatalekayo | $ 1,083 | $ 1,188 |
| Imbuyekezo | $ 557 | $ 742 |
| Irhafu yentlawulo | $ 558 | $ 1,468 |
| Ingeniso engafumanekanga | $ 4,816 | $ 5,614 |
| Amanye amatyala | $ 2,714 | $ 2,120 |
| Iimali ezikhoyo zangoku | $ 9,755 | $ 11,132 |
| Iirhafu zerhafu ezikhethiweyo | $ 1,027 | $ 836 |
| Intlawulo ekhoyo kunye nentlawulo ehlawulwayo | $ 23,195 | $ 28,390 |
| Ukugcinwa kwemali, uqokelele enye ingeniso epheleleyo ye-$ 1,527 kunye ne-587 yeeRandi | $ 18,173 | $ 18,899 |
| Ubungakanani bemali yabamasango | $ 41,368 | $ 47,289 |
| Amatyala amaninzi kunye nabanini-zimali | $ 52,150 | $ 59,257 |
| Inkcazo yeNgeniso yeMicrosoft - Januwari 31, 2001 Kwizigidi, ngaphandle kwesabelo ngasinye ngesabelo | ||
| Unyaka ophelile ngoJuni 30 | ||
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
| Ingeniso | ||
| $ 19,747 | $ 22,956 | $ 25,296 |
| Imali yempahla ezithengisiwe | ||
| $ 2,814 | $ 3,002 | $ 3,455 |