Ukuchithwa kweChina (Inkambiso) Imali
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga ngokukhawuleza imali yelizwe, ukunyanzeliswa kwemali, kunye nendlela abatyala-mali abangayifumana ngayo.
Imali YesiShayina 101: I Yuan & Renminbi
Imali yaseTshayina idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-yuan okanye i-renminbi, kodwa loo mibandela emibini ayinakutshintshisana. I-Renminbi ithetha "imali yemali" kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchaza imali yesiTshayina ingqungquthela, ngelixa i yuan iyunithi yesilinganiso esingabalelwa. Ngako oko, umntu unokuthetha ngombuso we-renminbi njengemali kunye / okanye nayiphi na inamba ye-yuan eguquliwe. Indlela efanelekileyo yokucinga ngokumahluko "yimali" ngokumalunga ne "dollar" e-United States.
Ngaphambi kuka-2009, imali yesiTshayina yayingacingwa njengowamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yolawulo oluqinileyo nguRhulumente waseTshayina. Kodwa ukususela ngoko, ilizwe liye lalinganisa ukulinganisela kwemali kwaye likhuthaze zombini urhulumente kunye nezibhonkco zenkampani ukuba zibe nexabiso kwi-yuan.
Enyanisweni, iinkampani ezinjengeMcDonald's sele zithengise iimbophelelo zenkampani kwimali yaseTshayina. Eli lizwe lifuna nesimo semali ye-reserve ne-International Monetary Fund ukwenzela ukwandisa isiseko sayo.
Ukunyulwa kweMali yaseShayina
Imali yelizwe ingenza umehluko omkhulu kwizandla zoqoqosho lwazo.
Ukulinganiswa kwemali engaphantsi kwenza ukuba amazwe angathengi ngexabiso, kuba iimpahla zithengwa kwixabiso lemali yasekuhlaleni, ngelixa ukulinganiswa kwemali ephezulu kukungenisa izinto ezincinci, kuba imali yendawo ixabiseke kakhulu kunelizwe elizweni elizweni.
Amazwe angasebenzisa ixabiso lemali yabo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ilizwe elikhula ngokukhawuleza elijongene namathuba okunyuka kwexabiso lwemali liyakwazi ukugubungela ixabiso lawo ngemali ngokulinganisa okuphantsi. Kwimeko ye-US kunye ne-China, oku kuquka ukuthengwa kweTshayina i- US Treasury ukugcina izinga lokushintshana kwe-yuan kwisilinganiso esithile kunye nedola. Ezi zicwangciso ziye zaphumela ekubanjweni okubalulekileyo kwe-China ye-US Treasury bonds.
I-China iye yajamelana neengxaki ezininzi zokuphathwa kwemali, ngokukodwa ukusuka eUnited States, xa igawula imali yayo kwiDola ye-US. Ngelixa ilizwe liphakamisa i-peg yayo kwi-dollar yase-US ngo-2005, yabuyiselwa ngexesha leengxaki zezoqoqosho zango-2008. Kodwa ngowama-2010, umgodla weDola we-US waphinde waphakanyiswa kwaye imali ixabiseke ngokuxabisekileyo.
Izwe lalinganisa imali yalo ngokumangalisa ngo-2015 ukukhawuleza uqoqosho lwayo olutyebileyo, oluyimpilisi elibuhlungu lokugwinya amancintiswano amaninzi, kodwa yamkelwa ngamazwe athuthukile enethemba lokuba ilizwe liya kuhamba ngokubaluleka kokuhlawuleka kwamahhala.
Ukuhambela kwanjalo kwatshintsha imeko yelizwe ukuba ibe yimali yokugcinwa kwemali, nangona i- IMF ayinakwenza isigqibo malunga nokugqibela-2016.
Indlela yokuTyala imali yesiTshayina
Imali yaseTshayina iye yavalwa kumashishini angaphandle kumazwe amaninzi. Kodwa le mihla, abatyalo-mali bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukutyalomali kwimali yaseTshayina banokhetho oluninzi, ukusuka kutyalo-mali oluchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa i- forex yorhwebo ukuya kwi-cash exchange exchange ("ETFs").
I-ETF yindlela elula yokufumana i-currency yesiTshayina, kuba inika amandla ukuvezwa ngokutshintshwa kunye nokuhamba phambili kwezivumelwano zemali ezibandakanya ukuthengwa kwemali yaseTshayina ngokuqinisekisiwe kweemali zase-US. Ukuba imali yesiTshayina iyaxabisa ngexesha lokubamba ngokubhekiselele kumasheya ase-US, isikhundla sikhiqiza inzuzo ebonakalayo kwixabiso le-ETF.
Kukho ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-ETFs zemali zesiTshayina:
- WisdomTree iDreyfus Xhosa Yuan Fund (i-CYB)
- Iimveliso zeemakethe Chiense Renminbi / USD ETN (CNY)
- ImaliShares yaseRinnam Renminbi Trust (FXCH)
Abatyalomali banokuthi batyale imali yokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe (okanye i-forex) ngokuthengisa isicwangciso esifana ne-ETFs. Ngokukhawuleza kuthengwa imali yaseTshayina nokuthengisa enye imali, abatyali-mali bangakwazi ukufumana inzuzo kumlinganiselo. Kodwa kule meko, abatyali-mali kufuneka basebenzise umgangatho ophakamileyo njengo-400: 1 ukwenzela ukuba bafumene iimali ezenza kube yimpumelelo.
Iingongoma ezibalulekileyo zokukhumbula
- Imali yaseTshayina yaziwa ngokuba yi-renminbi kunye neeyunithi zemali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-yuan.
- Urhulumente waseTshayina ulawula ngokusisiseko isiseko semali phambi ko-2009, kodwa kungekudala, ilizwe livule imali yalo ngenzame yokwenza jikelele.
- Abatyalomali abafuna ukufumana imali yeTshayina banokwenza ngokuthe ngqo ngokurhweba kwi-forex okanye ngokungachanekanga ngeengxowa-mali ezithengiselana ngemali (ETFs).