Umvuzo omncinci wase-US Ngu-7.25 / iiyure: Uthelekisa njani?
Umvuzo omncinci kaRhulumente
Kwi-21 ithi, umvuzo omncinci ulingana neli festi:
- Amabini amabini anamaqondo aphantsi: iGeorgia neWinoming.
- Ezilishumi elinesine zibeka ireyithi yazo ukulingana nomvuzo wombuso.
- Iintetho ezinhlanu azikho umthetho wendawo: eLouanaana, Mississippi, eTennessee, Alabama naseMzantsi Carolina.
Amazwe angama-29 asele kunye neSithili saseColumbia setha amaxabiso angaphezulu kwinqanaba lezemfundo. ISithili saseColumbia sinomvuzo osisiseko esiphantsi, i-$ 12.50 ngoJulayi 1, 2017. Iya kunyuka ibe yi-$ 15 ngoJulayi 1, 2020. Umvuzo omncinci waseMassachusetts naseWashington u-$ 11.00 ngeyure.
INew York izakuphakamisa umvuzo osisiseko kwiNew York City ukuya kwi-15 yezigidi ngeyure ekupheleni kuka-2018.
I-California ihlawula i-$ 10.50 ngeyure kubaqeshi abane-26 okanye ngaphezulu abasebenzi. Bamele banyuse umvuzo omncinci kwi $ 15 ngeyure ngoJan. 1, 2022. Iinkampani ezincinci zihlawula i-$ 10 ngeyure. Baye kwada ngoJan. 1, 2023 ukunyusa. Emva koko, ubuncinci baya kuvuka ukuze baqhubeke nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Izizwe ezilishumi elinanye zisebenzisa iindleko zokulungiswa kokuphila kwiakhawunti yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Oko kuthetha ukuba banyuse umvuzo omncinci kunye ne-Index Index Price. Ukufumana imithetho ethile kwilizwe ngalinye, yabona iSebe lezeMisebenzi yase-US libala uluhlu lwemigangatho ephantsi ekhoyo kummandla ngamnye.
Ikwabonelela ngembali yomvuzo omncinci kwilizwe ngalinye ukususela ngo-1968.
Indlela i-United States efanisa ngayo namanye amaZiko aMbalwa
Amazwe amaninzi anemivuzo elincinci yesizwe. Abaninzi babo bahlaziya kwaye bahlaziya rhoqo ngonyaka, kuxhomekeke kwiindleko zokuphila. Umvuzo omncinci wase-US uphantsi kwamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke, nangona iindleko zokuphila ziphezulu.
I-United States - i-$ 7.25 ngeyure. Umvuzo ungahluka ngombuso okanye ngesimo somqeshwa, njengeminyaka yobudala.
I-United Kingdom - i-£ 7.50 / iyure (US $ 9.93).
I-Ireland - € 9.25 / iyure (US $ 10.88). Ukuxhaswa ngumdala.
Amazwe aseYurophu eNyunyana - ama-21 angama-28 amalungu e-EU anemivuzo encinci yesizwe. Imithetho isebenza rhoqo kubo bonke abasebenzi. Umvuzo uvela kwi-181.01 ye-euro ngenyanga e-Albania ukuya kuma-euro angu-1,998.59 ngenyanga e-Luxembourg (malunga ne-US $ 212.84 ukuya kwi-US $ 2,350.04). Amazwe asixhenxe ase-EU anemivuzo engaphantsi kwe-United States. ZiNetherlands, iIreland, i-UK, iFransi, iJamani, iBelgium kunye neLuxembourg.
I-Thailand - i-baht 310 / imini eBangkok nakwezinye iidolophu ezinkulu. (US $ 9.28). Ezinye iidolophu ezingama-308 baht / imini kunye ne-305 baht / imini. Iindawo zasemaphandleni zihlala nge-baht 300 ngosuku. Iphakamisa izinga le-uniform kazwelonke ye-baht engama-300 ngosuku olwenziwe ngoJanuwari 1, 2013. Olu liphindwe kabini umvuzo wabasebenzi basekuhlaleni.
E-Australia - AU $ 18.29 / iyure (US $ 14.31). Imilinganiselo yobudala kunye nesimo somsebenzi.
Amazwe angenawo umvuzo omncinci wesizwe
I-Canada ayikho umvuzo omncinci wesizwe. Kunoko, iphondo ngalinye kunye nommandla wendawo ubeka iqondo lawo. Zihamba ukusuka kwi-C $ 10.85 / iiyure eziphantsi (i-US $ 8.69) e-Nova Scotia ukuya kwi-C $ 15.00 / iiyure (US $ 12.02) e-Alberta. Urhulumente wesizwe uzama ukufumana bonke ukubeka ubuncinci be-12 / iiyure (US $ 9.62).
UMexico akanakho umvuzo omncinci wesizwe. Ikhomishini ibeka umvuzo omncinci kummandla ohlawulwa kakhulu. Lo mvuzo ngu-80.04 pesos ngosuku, okanye i-$ 4.38. Kodwa ubuncinane buncinane ngaphantsi koko nawuphi na umsebenzi ofumanayo. Isetyenziswe njengesiseko sokuxoxisana.
I-China ayinayo umvuzo omncinci wesizwe. Kungenxa yokuba iindleko zokuphila zihluka kakhulu kwilizwe lonke. Endaweni yoko, ngalinye iphondo libeka isigaba sayo, ngokukhokelwa ngokubanzi ngokunikezelwa nguRhulumente kazwelonke. Ngenxa yoko, umvuzo ubuncinane ubuncinane 1,160 RMB / inyanga (US $ 174,63).
I-India ayinayo umvuzo omncinci wesizwe. Kodwa uMthetho oNcinci weMvuzo wonyaka we-1948 uthe amazwe kufuneka axoxisane namashishini ukuba avumelane ngomvuzo ophilayo. Ngo-2012, urhulumente wesizwe wacetyisa ukuba amazwe athathe umvuzo omncinci wama-115 ama-rupees / iyure (US $ 1.77). Umvuzo omncinci waseDelhi ngowama-513 ama-rupi / imini (US $ 7.88.).
Injongo
Injongo yemithetho ephantsi yomvuzo ukuyeka abaqeshi ukuba baxhaphaze abasebenzi abasweleyo. Umvuzo osisiseko kufuneka unikeze ngeniso eyaneleyo yokufumana umvuzo wokuphila . Yiloo mali efunekayo ukubonelela ukutya okwaneleyo, iimpahla kunye neendawo zokuhlala.
Nangona umvuzo omncinci ukhusela abasebenzi kwixhatshazo, awuzange ugcine ijubane lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Enyanisweni, kwiiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki kwiiveki ezingama-52, umvuzo omncinci uphendukela kwi-15,080 yezigidi ngonyaka. Oku kungaphezulu kwinqanaba lehlwempu lomntu omnye kodwa lingaphantsi kwinqanaba lehlwempu kwiintsapho ezine. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umntu wayezama ukuxhasa intsapho ngokwenza umvuzo omncinci, babeya kufanelekela ukufumana uncedo lwentlupheko.
Imbali
UMthetho WezeMigangatho WemiSebenzi Elingenelekile wachaza umvuzo omncinci wokuqala wase-United States ngo-1938. UMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt udlulise njengenxalenye yeNtsha entsha yokukhusela abasebenzi ngexesha lokuPhukisa okukhulu . Ukuxinezeleka kwabangele ukuba umvuzo wabaninzi bayeke kwiipennies ngosuku. URoosevelt wabeka umvuzo omncinci kwi $ .25 / iyure, elingana ne-4.07 / i-hora namhlanje.
Ukhuphiswano olunzima ngexesha loxinzelelo lwanyanzele iinkampani ukuba zihlawule umvuzo kwaye zandise iiyure nje ukuba zihlale kwishishini. Ngenxa yoko, i-25 ekhulwini yabantwana baseMerika babesebenza iiyure ezingama-60 ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu, ngokubhekiselele kwiseshoni yeSebe lezeMisebenzi ngelo xesha. Ukujongana nalokhu, i-FLSA iphinde ivinjelwe umsebenzi wabantwana kwaye iyanciphisa iveki yomsebenzi ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-44.
Umvuzo omncinci wenyuswa yiCongress kathathu amaxesha. Ngowe-1956, kwafika i-1 / iiyure. Kodwa i-FLSA isetyenziswa ikakhulu kubasebenzi bezohwebo. Ngo-1961, iCongress yalungisa lo Mthetho ukubandakanya abasebenzi kwiinkampani zentengiso kunye neenkonzo. Kwaye kwandiswa kwindlela yokuthutha, izakhiwo, kunye nabaphathi beesitishi segesi. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, i-FLSA yayiquka abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni baseburhulumenteni basekhaya. Kwakhona kwabandakanya abasebenzi abaninzi kumashishini enkonzo ezifana nokuhlamba iimpahla, amahotele kunye neefama.
Ulungiso olutshanje kwi-FLSA yi-Fair Minimum Wage Act ka-2007. Ibeke ezi zihlomelo ezihleliweyo:
- Ngaphambi koJulayi 24, 2007 - i-$ 5.15 ngeyure.
- Julayi 24, 2007 - $ 5.85 ngeyure.
- Julayi 24, 2008-$ 6.55 ngeyure.
- Julayi 24, 2009 - i-$ 7.25 ngeyure.
UMongameli Obama wabiza ukwanda kwe-$ 10.10 kwiNkcukacha yakhe yeNdibano yeNyunyana ka- 2014. Watyikitya umyalelo olawulayo othi zonke iinkontrakthi zikaRhulumente kufuneka zihambelane nale ncinane.
Kodwa, iCongress ayinakuphakamisa umvuzo omncinane wase-US. Amalungu akhathazeke ukuba aya kubanyanzela amashishini amaninzi amancinci ukuba abulale abasebenzi ukuba bagcine iindleko zabo zomsebenzi ngokubanzi. Enyanisweni, i-Ofisi yeBhajethi ye-Congressional iyavuma. Ukunyusa umvuzo omncinci bekuza kuthatha iintsapho ezingama-900 000 ngaphandle kobuhlwempu, kodwa kubiza abasebenzi abangama-500 000 imisebenzi yabo ekupheleni kuka-2016.
Akucaci ukuba ngaba uMongameli uTrump uza kuthatha umvuzo omncinane. Njengomgqatswa okhethweni luka-2016, uTumpump ubonise uluhlu lweengcamango ezahlukeneyo ngale ngxaki.
Inzuzo kunye neNzuzo
Iingxabano zithukuthele ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga nokuba umvuzo osisiseko unempilweni yoqoqosho okanye cha. Ngokona nxalenye, abo bafumana umvuzo omncinci unxulumene nabasebenzi, ngelixa abo bachasene nabo bezoshishino.
Iinkonzo
Inzuzo yokuqala kukuba abasebenzi abanokugubungela indleko zokuphila banempilo engcono. Ziphumelele ngakumbi xa zanele ngokwaneleyo kwaye zingenamakhaya.
Okwesibini, linciphisa ukungalingani kwemali ngelixa linika inkxaso yokusebenza. Inkuthazo yenza kube ngcono kuluntu kunentlalontle okanye inzuzo engundoqo yendalo .
Okwesithathu, umvuzo omncinci uphuhlisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngokunika abasebenzi imali engaphezulu yokuchitha. Oku kwandisa imfuno kunye neengeniso zoshishino.
Okwesine, abasebenzi abanamaxesha athile kunye nemali bangatshala imali kwimfundo yabo. Oku kwandisa ngakumbi imveliso yabo. Iphucula umtsalane we-pool labasebenzi belizwe. Abasebenzi abaninzi abafundele ukwandisa ubuninzi kunye nenani lamashishini amancinci.
Okwesibini, imithetho yomvuzo wancinci izuze amashishini ngamnye. Abasebenzi abanako ukuhamba beza kufumana umsebenzi ohlawula phezulu. Oku kunciphisa i-returnover kunye neendleko zokuhlaziya ezibizayo.
Umxhasi
Amashishini athetha ukuba imirhumo emibini yomvuzo iphakamisa iindleko zabasebenzi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwintlawulo yebhajethi kwininzi yabo. Xa urhulumente ebaxhobhisa ukuba bahlawule ngaphezulu ngabasebenzi, baqesha abasebenzi abancinci ukugcina iindleko zabasebenzi zizonke. Oku kwandisa izinga lokungasebenzi . Ixabisa abasebenzi abaphantsi-mali kuba nzima kunokuba kufuneka baqhubisane ngokuncintisana nemisebenzi embalwa.
Okwesibini, ezinye iinkampani ezincinane zingenako ukukwazi ukuqesha abasebenzi abambalwa. Basenokunyanzeliswa ukuba baxelele i-bankruptcy esikhundleni.
Okwesithathu, umvuzo omncinci ugweba iinkampani ezinzima kakhulu. Ngokungagqibekanga, oku kuvuza abo bakwiimveliso ezinkulu . Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oku kungashintsha isiseko somhlaba wezoqoqosho.
Okwesine, imithetho engaphantsi kwemvuzo ingakwandisa umsebenzi wokugqithisa . Iinkampani zihambisa amaziko abo kumazwe apho iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi.
Okwesibini, imithetho engaphantsi kwemvuzo ingenakuyinciphisa intlupheko yelizwe. Inceda abasebenzi abanemisebenzi kodwa banyusa ukungasebenzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba le mithetho ikhulisa izinga lokuhlwempuzeka .
Iimveliso ezigqithiseleyo kwiConcer
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba umvuzo omncinci unokwandisa inani lemisebenzi kwezoqoqosho. Amashishini afumana ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi abaphezulu. Baphakamisa amaxabiso okanye banciphise inani leeyure ezisebenza. Ukuziphatha komsebenzi, umveliso, kunye nomsebenzisi ukuchitha konke ukwanda.
Kodwa i-pros kuphela idlula umonakalo ukuba umvuzo omncinci awukho phezulu. Imivuzo ayikwazi ukuphakama kakhulu kangangokuthi iyanciphisa ikhono lenkampani lokugcina iindleko zomsebenzi phantsi kwexesha lomhlaba. Ekusekeni umvuzo omncinci, urhulumente kufuneka athole indawo emnandi phakathi kokukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokunikezela ngamashishini ukulungelelaniswa okufunekayo ukuze bahlale bekhuphisana.
Abantu Abambalwa Benza Ukwenyuka Kwemvuzo
Ngo-2016, i-Pew Research Centre yafumana kuphela i-2.7 pesenti yabasebenzi baseMelika bafumana umvuzo omncinci okanye ngaphantsi. Ehla ukusuka kuma-13.4 ekhulwini ngo-1979. Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics, abasebenzi abangama-700,000 ngeyure bafumana umvuzo omncinci.
Abo bafumana umvuzo omncinci okanye ngaphantsi baselula. Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha ziphakathi kwe-16 ukuya kwe-24, ngelixa isiqingatha sazo ziselula. Uninzi (iipesenti ezingama-77) zimhlophe, kwaye phantse ihafu ziyabamhlophe abafazi. Kungenxa yokuba ama-64 ekhulwini asebenza ngabasebenzi bexeshana.
Umsebenzi ongaphezu kwesigxina kwi-hotela kunye nezoshishini zokutya. I-Retail isebenzisa i-14 ekhulwini yabasebenzi abancinci bemvuzo. Ipesenti ezisibhozo zisebenza kwimfundo nakwiinkonzo zempilo.
Abasebenzi abakhululwayo benza i-Less Less Minimum Wage
Abasebenzi abayi-1.5 yezigidi bafumana ubuncinci ngaphezu kobuncinci kuba baxolelwe. Nazi iindidi zokuxolelwa kunye nomvuzo:
- Abafundi bexesha elipheleleyo bangama-85 ekhulwini labasebenzi abancinci bemvuzo. Basebenza kwiintengiso, izitolo kunye nezolimo. Baphinde basebenze kwiiyunivesithi ezifumana isatifikethi kwiSebe lezeMisebenzi. Iiyure zabafundi zilinganiselwe.
- Abafundi abaneminyaka engama-16 okanye ngaphezulu bakhupha amaphesenti angama-75 omvuzo omncinci kumqeshi wemfundo yabaqeshi. Bamele bafumane isatifikethi se-DOL.
- Abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 kwiintsuku zabo zokuqala ezingama-90 bafumana i-$ 4.25 / iiyure kuphela.
- Abasebenzi abakhubazekileyo bangafumana umvuzo omncinci owodwa xa ukukhubazeka kunciphisa umveliso womsebenzi.
- Abasebenzi abathintekayo bakhokhelwa i-$ 2.13 / iyure ukuba iinqununu zenza ulingana nomvuzo omncinci. Ukuba kungenjalo, umqeshi makenze umehluko.
- Amashishini enza ngaphantsi kwama-$ 500,000 ngonyaka angakhokhela ngaphantsi komvuzo omncinane ngaphandle kokuba abandakanyekayo kwintengiso yangaphakathi.
Ukuba nabani na kula maqela abasebenzela urhulumente, isibhedlele okanye isikolo, abahlawulwa kwaye kufuneka bafumane umvuzo omncinci. Khangela imilinganiselo yomvuzo omncinci wombuso kula manqanaba abasebenzi, nangona umthetho wesigqeba uza kuqala xa inani liphezulu.
Icandelo loMvuzo kunye neeholide leSebe lezeMisebenzi yase-US likhuthaza umthetho we-US umvuzo omncinane. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, funda i-FLSA Reference Guide. (Umthombo: "I-Q & A malunga noMvuzo oNcinane," Isebe lezeMisebenzi yase-US.)