Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwelahle
I-Anthracite yilezona zininzi eziphazamisayo phakathi kweentlobo zamalahle.
Xa kutshiswa, kuvelisa ilangatye elitshisa kakhulu, eliluhlaza. Idwala elimnyama elimnyama, i-anthracite isetyenziselwa ukufudumala izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo kwiphondo elisenyakatho-mpuma yasePennsylvania, apho ubuncinci becala khona. Indawo yaseMelika yase-Pennsylvania yeAnthracite Heritage eScranton igxininisa impembelelo yelahleko ebalulekileyo kwingingqi.
I-Anthracite ithathwa njengowamalahle ahlambulukileyo avuthayo. Ivelisa ukushisa okungaphezulu kunye nomsi ongaphantsi kwamanye amalahle kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiifutha ezichithwe ngesandla. Ezinye iindawo zokuhlala zokutshisa izitofu zisekhaya zisebenzisa i-anthracite, ezitshisa ixesha elide kuneemithi. I-Anthracite ibizwe ngegama elithi "amalahle aphezulu," ngokukodwa ngabanjineli beenqanawa abazisebenzisela ukufumana izitimela.
Iimpawu ze-Anthracite Coal
I-Anthracite inomlinganiselo ophezulu wekhabhoni-80 ukuya kuma-95 ekhulwini-kunye ne-sulfur ephantsi kakhulu kunye ne-nitrogen ----- ngaphantsi kwama-1 ekhulwini ngalinye. Umcimbi ongezantsi unamazantsi malunga neepesenti ezingama-5, kunye ne-10 ukuya kwi-20 ekhulwini le-ash ash.
Isiqulatho sesisulu sinama-5 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini. Amalahle ahlawuleza kwaye anzima ukutshabalalisa ngenxa yobuninzi bawo, ngoko ke izityalo ezimbalwa ezichitshiweyo, ezitshitshisiwe ngamalahle zitshisa.
Ukuxabisa ixabiso : I-Anthracite iyatshisa iindawo ezinqabileyo phakathi kwamalahle angamalahle (malunga nama-degrees ama-900 okanye ngaphezulu) kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ivelisa malunga nama-13,000 ukuya kwi-15,000 kwi-Btu nganye.
Ukulahleka kwamalahle okulahlekelwa ngexesha lokuguqulwa kweemayini, elibizwa ngokuba yi-culm, liqule malunga nama-2 500 ukuya ku-5,000 eBtu ngeyure.
Ukufumaneka : I-Scarce. Ipesenti encinci yazo zonke iinqununu zamathambo asele ziyingozi. I-anthracite yasePennsylvania yachithwa kakhulu kwiminyaka ye-1800 ukuya ngasekuqaleni kwee-1900, kwaye iimpahla ezisele ziba nzima ukufikelela ngenxa yokuba zinzulu. Ubungakanani obuninzi bezinto ezingabonakaliyo ePennsylvania kwaye ngo-1917.
Indawo : Ngokomlando, i-anthracite yachithwa kwindawo engama-480-square-kilometer kwingingqi esenyakatho-mpuma yasePennsylvania, ngokuyinhloko kwiLacwanwanna, eLuzzerne nase-Schuylkill. Izibonelelo ezincinci zifumaneka kwiRhode Island naseVirginia.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziyingqungquthela ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo
I-Anthracite ithathwa ngokuthi "ayinakuqhawula" kunye nokutshisa kwamahhala, kuba xa itshaywanga "ayiyi" coke "okanye yandisa kwaye idibanisa ndawonye. Idla ngokutshiswa rhoqo kwiibhoyili ezinobuncwane okanye ngaphantsi kwe-single-retort-drop-stopper boiler nge-grates. Iifutha eziphantsi ezomileyo ziyasetyenziswa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-ash fusion. Imithwalo yeebheyili ezantsi zihlala zihlala ziphantsi, ezenza kube lula ukukhupha i-nitrogen oxide.
Imbandela ekhethekileyo, okanye i-soot efanelekileyo, ekutshiseni i-anthracite inokunciphisa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zomlilo kunye nomthwalo wokubilisa umbane, imimoya yomoya, kunye nokukhupha umlotha.
Izifayili zokufakela, i-electrostatic precipitators (ESP), kunye ne-scrubbers zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kombumbi kwi-boilers ezixotshiwe. I-Anthracite ephoswe ngaphambi kokutshisa idala into engakumbi.
Amalahle angaphantsi kwamalahle anqatshelwe kwimigodi ye-anthracite ibizwa ngokuba yi-culm. Umzimba unesiqingatha sobushushu be-anthracite kunye ne-ash ephezulu kunye nomswakama. Isetyenziswe rhoqo kwiindawo zokubasela ezibhebhethekile (FBC).
Usetyenziso : I-Anthracite inqanaba lokuqala ekutshiseni kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zamalahle, ngokwe-ASTM D388 - 05 Udidi oluqhelekileyo lweamalahle ngamaGanga.