Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiveki ezintandathu ukwenzela ukuguquka kwentengo yeoli ukusebenza ngendlela yabo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa kwipompo yegesi. Amanani e-oyile ayancinci ngaphezu kwexabiso legesi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ixabiso leoli liza phezulu, kwaye liwe ngaphezulu, kunexabiso lentengo yegesi. Kodwa unako ukusebenzisa amaxabiso eoli ukuze uqikelele amaxabiso e -gas ezayo namhlanje .
Imizekelo yeeNkozi zeMpahla zeeHlisi ezichaphazela amaxabiso eGesi
Ixabiso le-oyile kunye negesi liye lanyanzeliswa ngokukhethekileyo ukususela ngoxinzelelo lwemali ka - 2008 . Nanku ukukhangela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunye neentlambo, kwaye yintoni eyenza ukuba inani liguqulwe.
U-2008 - I-oyile yanyuka kwixesha elide layo li-$ 143.68 / umgqomo ngoJulayi 8. Ukuthumela amaxabiso egesi kwi-4.16 / gallon. Ngaphambi kuka-2008, amaxabiso ahlala phantsi kwe-90 engama-barrel .
2009 - Ixabiso leGesi lawa kuqala, lahla kwi $ 1.67 / gallon ngoDisemba 29. Ioli yawela ku-$ 39.41 / umgqomo ngomhla ka-Febhuwari 18 njengoko abatyali-mali batyunjwe nayiphi na imali-mali ngaphandle kwe- Treasury ekhuselekileyo yase-US .
2010 - Amaxabiso eoli ahlala phakathi kwe-$ 70- $ 80 / umgqomo kude kube nguDisemba 3, xa bephula i-$ 90 / umgqomo.
Ixabiso leGesi lilandelelanayo, lihlala ngaphantsi kwe-3.00 / gallon de kube nguDisemba 6.
2011 - Ixabiso leoli alizange lifike kwi-spring yayo ye-$ 126.64 / umgqomo kude kube ngoMeyi 2. Ngokungaqhelekanga, ixabiso legesi liye lalinganiswa ngexesha elifanayo, ixabisa i-$ 4.01 / gallon. Ixabiso leGesi lahlala ngaphezu kwe-3.50 / gallon yonke ihlobo ngenxa yokwesaba ngokuvalwa kwezinto zokucocwa ezivela kuMlambo waseMississippi .
Ngo-2012 - i- Iran isongela ukuvala iStrait of Hormuz, ephuma kuyo iipesenti ezingama-20 zeoli. Ixabiso leoli liye laphakama kwi-128.14 / umgqomo we-$ 13.14 ngomhla we-13 Matshi. I-gesi yavela ngo-Apreli 9 kwi-3.997 / gallon. Bobabini babuyela kwisiqhelo ukuya ku-Agasti. Abathengisi beemveliso baqala ukubiza ixabiso leoli kwi-117.48 ngoSeptemba 14. Baye baqhelana nenkqubo ye- Federal Reserve ye- QE3 , ababecinga ukuba iya kunciphisa ixabiso leedola. Oku kuya kunyanzela ioli (exabiso lentengo kwiidola) ngaphezulu. Emva koko u-Isitric u-Isaac wavala iimpahla zokuthambisa, ukuthumela intengo yegesi ukuya kwi-3.939 ye-$ ngo-Septemba 17. Intengo yegesi yaphakama ibe yi-4.50 yegaloni eCalifornia, ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendawo.
2013 - I-Oyili yavuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-118.90 / umgqomo ngomhla ka-Febhuwari 8, ukuthumela amaxabiso e-gas ukuya kwi-3.85 ngo-Feyiwari 25. Ixabiso laqalise ukuphakama ngaphaya kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, ngenxa yemidlalo ye-Iran enobudlova enqabileyo kufuphi neTrait of Hormuz.
2014 - Amaxabiso awela ku-$ 62 / umgqomo ekupheleni konyaka. Amanani eGesi awela ku-$ 2.45 ngegolon. Kungenxa yokuba iUnited States ivelise ininzi yeoli ye- shale . Ukongeza, i- Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ayizange ihlaziye i-quotas.
2015 - Amaxabiso awela ngaphantsi kwe-36 / umgqomo ngoDisemba. Oko kuqhuba ixabiso lentengo elingaphantsi kwe-2.00 yegesi.
2016 - Ixabiso laqhubeka liwela ngoJanuwari, ukuya kuma-26 / umgqomo ekupheleni kwenyanga. Amaxabiso eGesi awela ku-$ 1.83 / gallon ngoFebhuwari 15. Xa i-OPEC yabhengeza umonakalo owenziwe ngoNovemba, amaxabiso eoli aphakama ngaphezu kwama-54 / umgqomo ngo-Disemba. Ixabiso leGesi liye laya ku-$ 2.42 / gallon.
2017 - Ixabiso leoli kunye negesi liya kuphakama ngokwemiqathango yexabiso lexabiso lexabiso leoli le-EIA. (Umthombo: "Ixabiso leMveli ye-Brent yamaxabiso e-Brent," "Iimali zamaGriki e-US," Ulawulo loLwazi lweMandla.)
Ukufunda ngokubanzi malunga namaxabiso eoli aseNtshona Texas ephakathi kwe-1974, iya kwi- History Price Oil .
Izizathu
Njengoko uninzi lwezinto ozithengayo, ixabiso leoli lichaphazelekayo kunye nokufunwa . Iimfuno ezingakumbi, njengexesha lokuqhuba ihlobo, lidala amaxabiso aphezulu. Kukho imfuneko encinane ebusika kuba kuphela i-northeast United States isebenzisa ioli yokufudumeza .
Kodwa yinto enye yezinto ezenza ixabiso leoli .
Kodwa, amaxabiso eoli nawo achaphazelekayo ngexabiso elizayo leoli , ezithengiswa kwimpahla yokuthengisana. La ma xabiso aguquke imihla ngemihla, kuxhomekeka kubaphi abatyali-mali abacinga ukuba intlawulo yeoli iya kuhamba phambili. Abathengisi bezinto zokuthengisa ziyinxalenye enkulu ekwenzeni ixabiso leoli liphezulu .
Impact
I-OPEC yintlangano yamazwe angama-12 avelisa ioli evelisa iipesenti ezingama-46 zeoli. Ngowe-1960, la mazwe akha inzululwazi ukulawula ukubonelelwa kunye nexabiso leoli. Bayaqonda ukuba banesistim esingenakuhlaziywa. Ukuba bekhuphisana, ixabiso leoli liya kuba liphantsi kakhulu kangangokuthi babeza kuphelelwa kamsinya kunokuba amaxabiso eoli aphezulu.
I- OPEC yeoli ye-OPEC ye-1973 yakuba ngowokuqala i-OPEC yatshintsha iimbumba zayo. Inqunyulwe ioli kwiUnited States kunye nokunikezelwa kwemida. Amanani aphakama, amandla okutshintshwa ngaphandle kwabakhiqizi beoli be-US. Injongo ye-OPEC kukugcina intlawulo yeoli kwi-R70 engama-barrel. Ixabiso eliphakamileyo linika amanye amazwe inkuthazo yokutshabalalisa iindawo ezintsha ezibiza kakhulu ukuvula xa amaxabiso aphantsi.
I-United States igcina iibhilidi ezingama-700 zeoli kwi- Strategic Petroleum Reserves . Urhulumente wephondo usetyenzisela ukunyusa ukunikezelwa xa kunesidingo, njengokuthi emva kweNkupho yeKatrina . Kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukutshiswa kwezopolitiko kwiintlanga ezivelisa ioli.
I-United States iphinde ifake i- oli kwilungu elingenabo i-OPEC eMexico . Oku kwenza ukuba kuxhomekeke ngaphantsi kweoli ye-OPEC. Isivumelwano soShishino samaHlani saseNorth American isivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala esigcina intengo yeoli esuka eMexico ephantsi njengoko iyanciphisa iirhafu zorhwebo.
Yintoni echaphazela ukufuna
I-United States isebenzisa iipesenti ezingama-21 zeoli yehlabathi. Izibini ezithathu kwezi zinto zihamba ngezithuthi. Izwe lakha inethiwekhi eninzi yeendlela ezisemgangathweni ezikhokelela kumadlelo ase-1950. Lo msebenzi wasemgangathweni wawuphendule ekusongeni ukuhlaselwa kenyukliya, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoko. Ngenxa yoko, iMelika ayizange ihlakulele izibonelelo zeenkqubo zokuhamba ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo.
IYurophu Yomanyano ngumsebenzisi olandelayo kunabo bonke, kwi-15 ekhulwini yemveliso yeoli. I-China isebenzisa iipesenti ezili-11, njengoko isetyenziswe ngayo ngokukhawuleza. (Umthombo: "Ukusetyenziswa kwePetroleum," I-Intelligence Agency).
Enye into echaphazela ixabiso leeMpahla zeeMori
Ixesha elizayo leoli , okanye iikontrakthi zexesha elizayo , zivumelwano zokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ioli ngosuku oluthile kwixabiso elithile. Abahwebi kwi-oil futures bid on the price of oil based on what they think the price will be. Bajonge ukubonelelwa kunye neemfuno zokucwangcisa ixabiso. Ukuba abahwebi bacinga ukuba ixabiso liya kwanda ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho loqoqosho lukhula, baya kuqhuba ixabiso leoli. Oku kunokudala amaxabiso aphezulu eoli nangona kukho ukubonelela kokutya. Okubizwa ngokuba yi- actif bubble . Oku kwenzeke ngexabiso legolide ngexesha lehlobo le-2011. Kwenzeke kwimarike yemasheya ngo-2007, nakwizindlu ngo-2006. Xa indlu yebhola yaqhuma, yabangela ingxaki yemali ka-2008.