Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Coal Hard kunye ne-Usmal and Metallurgical Uses
Iintlobo ze-Coal Bituminous
Amalahle omlilo, ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngamalahle omlilo, asetyenziselwa amandla okuvelisa izityalo ezivelisa umbane kunye nezinto zokusebenza zoshishino.
Izitimela ezisebenza kwi-steam ngamanye amaxesha zixhaswa "ngumbali wamalahle," isiteketiso selahle.
Amalahle aseMallallurgical, ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngamalahle okupheka, asetyenziselwa kwinkqubo yokudala i-coke efunekayo kwimveliso yesinyithi kunye nensimbi. I-coke yidwala lekhabhoni eqhutywe ngokushisa amalahle amacaka aphezulu kumaqondo aphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kwomoya. Le nkqubo yokunyibilika kwamalahle ngokungabikho kwe-oksijini ukususa ukungcola kuthiwa i-pyrolysis.
Iimpawu ze-Bituminous Coal
Ilahle le-bituminous iqukethe umswakama ukuya kuma-17 ekhulwini. Malunga ne-0.5 ukuya kwi-2 ekhulwini we-weight of burnuminal coal yi-nitrogen. Umxholo wekhabhoni ohleliweyo ufikelela kuma-85 ekhulwini, kunye nomxheshe umxhesho ukuya kuma-12 ekhulwini ngesisindo. Ilahle ye-Bituminous ingabandakanywa ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lezinto ezinokungahambisani ne-A, B, ne-C, ephakathi kwezinto ezincinci, kunye ne-low-volatile. Umcimbi onobuchule uquka nayiphi na into ekhutshwa kwilahle kunye nokushisa okuphezulu.
Kwimeko yelahle, umbandela ongathintekiyo unokuquka i-sulfure kunye nama-hydrocarboni.
Ixabiso lokushisa: Ilahle ye-Bituminous inikeza malunga nama-10 500 ukuya kwi-15,000 kwi-BTU nganye ngepounds njengemigodi.
Ukufumaneka : Ilahle ye-bituminous ininzi. Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke izibonelelo zamathambo ezikhoyo ziyakhanya.
Indawo yokumba: EU.S., amalahle angabonakali angatholakala kwi-Illinois, eKentucky, eNtshona Virginia, e-Arkansas (Johnson, Sebastian, e-Logan, eFranklin, ePapa naseScott), kunye neendawo ezisempumalanga yoMlambo we-Mississippi.
Ukukhathazeka kwendalo
Izibane zomlilo ze-bituminous umlilo ngokulula kwaye zingavelisa umsi ogqithiseleyo kunye nomshukela - into enobumba - ukuba itshiswe ngokungalunganga. Isiqulatho sawo sulfure esiphezulu sinceda kwimvula ye-acid.
Ilahle ye-Bituminous iqukethe i-pyrite yamaminerari, ekhonza njengomngcipheko ongcolileyo njenge-arsenic kunye ne-mercury. Ukutshisa amalahle kukhulula ukungcola kwamaminerali kwindalo njengomoya. Ngethuba lobushushu, malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 ze-aluminous coal sulfur content lifumana i-oxidized kwaye ikhutshwe njenge-oxygen sulfur oxides.
Ukukhutshwa kowomonakalo ovela kumbane olahlekileyo wamalahle kubandakanya inkqutyana (PM), i-oxyx sulfur (SOx), i-nitrogen oxides (NOx), ukulandelela izitya ezifana ne-lead (Pb) kunye ne-mercury (Hg), i-hydrocarboni yesigaba se-vapor njengemethane, i-alkanes, i-alkenes kunye ne-benzene, kunye ne-dibenzo-p-dioxins kunye ne-polychlorinated dibenzofurans, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-dioxins kunye nama-furan. Xa kutshiswa, amalahle ahlambayo akhupha iingozi ezinjenge-hydrogen chloride (HCl), i-hydrogen fluoride (i-HF) kunye ne-polycyclic hydrocarbons aromatic (PAHs).
Ukuvutha okungazalwanga kukukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-PAHs, eziyi-carcinogenic. Ukutshisa amalahle amancinci kumaqondo aphezulu ayanciphisa i-carbon monoxide.
Ngako oko, iiyunithi ezinkulu zomlilo kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle zikunokungcola kancinci. Ilahle ye-Bituminous iye yahlambalaza kunye nezigulane.
I-Bituminous amalahle omlilo ukhulula ukungcola komoya emoyeni kunomlilo ophezulu we-coal bituminous, kodwa ngenxa yomxholo wokushisa ophezulu, kuncinci ukuba kuveliswe umbane. Ngaloo ndlela, amalahle ahamba ngamatuminous and sub-bituminous akhiqiza malunga nomlinganiselo ofanayo wokungcola nge-kilowatt yombane owenziwe.
Amanqaku angaphezulu
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuchithwa kwamalahle omlilo kwakumsebenzi onobungozi, kuthatha umyinge we-1,700 abavukuzi bemizi bombhobho baphila minyaka yonke. Ngethuba eli lixesha, abasebenzi abangaba ngu-2 500 ngonyaka bahlala bekhubazekile ngokusisigxina ngenxa yeengozi zokumba umbane.
Amaqhezu amancinci enkunkuma enamalahle atshayayo asele emva kokulungiswa kwamalahle angamashishini amashishini abizwa ngokuthi "amaxabiso omhle." Iintlawulo zilula, zinothuli, kwaye zinzima ukuphatha, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zigcinwe ngamanzi kwimida ye-slurry ukubenza bangabikho.
Ubuchwephesha obutsha buye zaphuhliswa ukuze zibuyiswe iifayili. Enye indlela isebenzisa i-centrifuge ukuhlula amaqhekeza amalahle kwi-slurry water. Ezinye iindlela zibophezela iintlawulo kwi-briquettes ezinomxholo omswakama ophantsi, ezenza zibe zifanele ukusetyenziswa kwepetrothi.
Usetyenziso : Ilahleki ye-bituminous inqanaba lesibini kwishushu kunye nekhabhoni yekhabhoni xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zamalahle, ngokwe-ASTM D388 -
Funda ngezinye iindidi zelahle
# 2 I-Coal - Bituminous