I-BP ye-Gulf Oil Spill: Amaqiniso, Impembelelo yezoqoqosho

by Kimberly Amadeo

I-BP isebenzisa i-$ 56.4 Billion kwi-Spill So Far

NgoJanuwari 16, ngo-2018, i-BP PLC yazisa ukuba yayiza kuhlawula i-$ 1.7 yezigidigidi zeendleko malunga neendleko ezinxulumene ne-2010 Deepwater Horizon oil oil spill. Ikulindele iintlawulo zemali ze-3 biliyoni ngonyaka. Ukususela ngoJulayi 14, 2016, iBP yayichithe imali engama-61.6 billion kwiintlawulo zenkundla, izigwebo kunye neendleko zokucoca.

NgoSeptemba 5, 2014, ijaji elilawulayo lalawula ukuba i-BP "yayinganaki." Inkampani yahlawuliswa irekhodi eyi-18 billion yezigidi phantsi koMthetho wamanzi oCocekileyo. INkundla inqume ukuba i-BP ikhwebe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze ikhulise inzuzo .

Kodwa izigwebo zeBP azizange ziqalise ukulungisa umonakalo owenziwe ebomini babantu, izilwanyana zasendle, ukusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi. Nazi iinkcukacha.

01 Okugqithiseleyo kwe-US Spill Ever

Ukuqhuma kweoli ye-BP kwaqala xa i-Deepwater Horizon igxininisekile ngo-Ephreli 20, 2010. Kwabasebenzi abangama-126 kwisayithi ngaloo mini, aba-11 babulawa yi-blast.

Ngenyanga yokuqala, i-BP yachithela izigidigidi ezingama-30 ezigolini zeoli kwiGulf, kathathu amafutha e - Exxon Valdez .

Kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo, ukuvuza kweoli kwiGulf yaseMexico kwakudala inhlekelele enkulu ye-oil e-United States. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqikelele izigidigidi ezingama-184 ezigulane. Eli lihlandlo ezili-18 inani elichithwe yi-Exxon Valdez.

Igalelo layo lezoqoqosho libi kakhulu. Amashishini okuloba kunye nezokhenketho zeGulf avelisa i-$ 3.5 billion ukuya kwii-4.5 billion zamawaka ngonyaka. Ixabisa i-BP $ 4 billion ukuze iqule kunye nokuhlambulula umonakalo kunye nezinye iibhiliyoni ezingama-4 ukuya kwii-5 ezigidi zamadola kwiihlwayo.

Imifanekiso yeSatellite yabonisa i-oli edibanisa amayela angama-25 000 eekhilomitha ezili-1 kwaye ichaphazela ulwandle ukusuka eGulfport, Mississippi ukuya ePensacola, eFlorida. Ngelo xesha, i-National Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric Administration yokubikezela ukuba kwakukho ithuba elingama-60 elingaphambili eliza kufikelela kwi-Florida Keys.

02 Impembelelo yendalo

Ama-pounds angama-10 yezigidi zamathambo asele asele eLouanaana phakathi kweJuni 2011 no-Ephreli 7, 2013. Nangona emva kokuhlanjululwa, iilili ezingaphezu kwama-200 zaqhubeka zinezihlambo ezinamafutha ezinamanzi alo. Yayibulala izityalo kwaye ibangela ukukhukhula.

Ngelixa iLouanaana yinto ebenzima kakhulu, i-Alabama, i-Mississippi kunye neFlorida ngamanxweme nazo zachaphazeleka. Nantsi ingakanani i-residu yamafutha eqokelelwe kwimeko nganye.

Louisiana - 9,810,133 iipounds.
Alabama - 941,427 iipounds.
Mississippi - 112,449 iipounds.
Florida - 73,341 iipounds.

Impembelelo kubalobi

Inkunkuma yeoli ichaphazela umsebenzi weselula we-killifish, i-baitfish eqhelekileyo kwisiseko sokutya. Kwakulimaza ukuphuhliswa kweentlanzi ezinkulu ezinjenge-mahi-mahi kwaye zanciphisa inani leenkukhu zebluefin ezisencinane ngama-20 ekhulwini.

Impembelelo kwizilwanyana zasendle

Ngo-2011, isiqingatha sehlengethwa zezonkuni zendawo zaguliswa zizifo zemiphunga. Uphando lwe-NOAA lubhengeze olu hlobo lwesifo lubangelwa "ukutyhila kwefuthe kwioli." Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zazigula kangangokuba babengalindelekanga ukuba baphile. I-BP iphikisana nesifundo.

Phakathi kukaMeyi 2010 noNovemba ka-2012, kwafunyanwa intlanzi yolwandle engaphezu kwama-1,700. Oku kuqhathaniswa nama-240 ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka ngonyaka. Ukongezelela, ama-dolphin angama-930 kunye nemikhomo yafunyaniswa phakathi kwexesha likaFebruwari 2010 ukuya ku-Ephreli 2013. Kuphela kuphela ngonyaka onama-20 kufunyanwa apha kweli lizwe.

Ukutshintsha indawo elalilahlekileyo yokuhlala indawo yokuhlala kweedada kunye nezinye iintaka ezifudukayo, iihektare ezili-79 000 zeendawo ezivunwayo kunye neengcambu ezingenamsebenzi ziye zakhukhula ngamabomu. (Imithombo: "I-Deep Water Oil Spill," Ukhuseleko lwamaNxweme kunye nokuPhukisa iGunya, ngo-Ephreli 17, 2013. "I-BP yoLwandle oluPhezulu lweHlabathi i-Oil Oil Spill idonsa uluhlu olubanzi lweengxelo kwi-3's Anniversary," NOLA.com, ngo-Ephreli 19, 2013.)

03 Isihlandlo

Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Epreli 2010, ukuqhuma kwaqhuma i-R5 million yezigidi. Ngaphambi koko, kwavelisa ama-336,000 iilili zeoli ngosuku. Kwakuyi-700,000 iiliyali zeoli yeoli egcinwe kwimisebenzi. I-BP yaqeshisa i-rig evela eTransocean nge $ 500,000 ngosuku. Ukuqhuma okwesibini emva kweentsuku emva kwelanga.

Ekuqaleni, i-BP yabika ukuba akukho ioli evuzayo. Kodwa ngo-Ephreli 24, i-Coast Guard yathi iingu-42,000 iililoni zeoli ngemini yayiphuma kwi-rig engama-5,000 ngaphantsi kwe-surface. Ngelo xesha, i-BP yaqala ukuzama ukukhanda umthombo kunye nokuyeka ukuvuza. Basebenzisa kuqala iirobhothi ukulungisa nokuvula i-valve yokuvala.

Ngomhla wama-28 uEpreli, urhulumente wamemezela ukuba le ndawo yayikhupha iingu-210,000 iilili zeoli ngosuku. I-oli edibeneyo sele ikhusele indawo engama-5,000-square-miles. Ngo-Meyi 2, 2010, i-BP iqalile ukuqhuba i-relief relief ukuze idibanise kakuhle inkunkuma. Kwacwangciswa ukupompa ngodaka kunye nesentimi ukuvala ukuvuza.

Amaqula awaphumelelanga kude kube ngu-Agasti. Kuze kube ngoko, i-BP izame ukuthatha ioli ephumayo. Ngo-Meyi 16, bafaka ityhubhu eyaqokelela amawaka angama-84 000 ngeentsuku. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva i-NOAA ivakalise iipesenti ezingama-19 zeGulf ukuba "yindawo yokuloba." Ngomso olandelayo, ioli eqaqambileyo yaqala ukugqithisa iLondon.

Ngomhla ka-Meyi 27, izazinzulu zazisa ukuba ioli yayikhupha kwizinga lezigidi ezingama-798,000 ngosuku. Ngomhla ka-Juni 10, oku kuqikelelwa kwanda kwakhona kwiigidiyoni ezili-1 ezigulini ngosuku. (Umthombo: "Imihla eyi-100 ye-BP ye-Oil Spill," Ixesha. ")

04 Okubi ngaphezu kweExx Valdez

Ukuphalala kweoli yeBP kwonakalise iinqanawa ezine zeGulf States: eLouanaana, Alabama, Mississippi naseFlorida. Okubi nakakhulu, kuthatha inyanga ezintathu ukuba sakhe isiphumo sokuphucula ukuyeka ukuhamba. Ngokukhawuleza kwasongela ama-acre angaphezu kwama-65,000 kwiiNational Wildlife Refuges, ikhaya lezilwanyana ezisengozini. Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini kumanxweme enxweme asezantsi ase-48 aseLouisana. Kuxabisa i-$ 96 billion.

Impembelelo ye-Exxon ye-oil spill yahlala iminyaka emashumi. Ngowe-1989, i-Exxon Valdez yaphahlalisa elunxwemeni lweNkosana William Sound e-Alaska. Ingozi yonakalise iikhilomitha ezili-1,300 zamanxweme kunye ne-250,000 ibharri okanye ezili-11 zezigidi zamagoloni eoli. Icandelo lezokhenketho lahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi engama-26 000 kunye nangaphezulu kwamaRandi 2.4 billion. Ngowe-2003, kwakungazange kutholakale ngokupheleleyo.

05 Ngaba Uzuze Uqoqosho?

I-JPMorgan Chase ibalwe ukuba imizamo yokucoca i-oyile yecandelo le-clean up-up enye yandisa umnotho ngo-2012. I-BP yachitha i-$ 6 billion ukuze iqeshwe abantu abayi-4 000 ukucoca ukuhlalwa kwalo nyaka. Oku kuncedisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-700 zamaRandi ezilahlekileyo ekulobeni kunye nokukhenketho kwezokhenketho kunye nemisebenzi engama-3 000 elahlekelwe kwintlanganiso yokuloba amanzi enyangeni ezintandathu. Kodwa oko akuzange kubone iindleko zexesha elide okanye izinto ezingabalwa kwimveliso ephathekayo ephathekayo njengexabiso lempilo yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezilahlekileyo.

06 Oilzilla!

I-oyile kunye neempula-mlilo azixubeki, nokuba zidibanise okanye zivuse. Yongeza intlekele yeoli kwi-historia yase-US ukuya kwixesha lezantyikwano ngokugqithiseleyo njengalowo owabangela iSiphepho uKatrina waza ufumana "i-Oilzilla". I-NOAA iqikelele ukuba i-2010 ibe yinto esondeleyo-kuphinda yonyaka we-2005 kunye neziphepho ezili-14.

I-Oilzilla yayiza kudibanisa ukugqithisa kweqhwithi kunye nefuthe elihlala ixesha elide lokuchithwa kweoli. Kungenzeka ukuba yicwecwe i-oil oil industry ngendlela eyenziwa yi- Three Mile Island yengozi yenyukliya eyenziwa kwi- nyukliya yase - US .

Okona kuncinci, i-Oilzilla yayingayi kugqiba i-BP PLC, umlimi omkhulu weoli kunye negesi e-United States. Ixabiso le-stock yeenkampani liye lahla iipesenti ezingama-34 ukususela ngo-Apreli wama-20 kunye nokuphulukisa ixabiso leebhiliyoni ezingama-96. Oku kwabangela abanye ukuba bacacise ukuba i-BP yaba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo yokuqala, enye inomdla kwiRoyal Dutch Shell. Iindleko zokuhlambulula i-BP ziqikelelwe kwi-37 billion yezigidigidi ezilingana neminyaka emithathu yokuhamba kwemali.