Ingozi yeNyukliya yeThathu Mile Island: Amaqiniso, impembelelo, namhlanje

Iyiphi Inkunkuma yamandla eNyukliya eMelika?

Ingozi yeThathu Mile Island yanciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwemboni yamandla enyukliya eMelika iminyaka engama-30. Ngelo xesha, akukho zixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezivunyiweyo. Amanani amaninzi okwakhiwa phantsi kwengozi yagqitywa. Ngenxa yoko, iUnited States yalahlekelwa yinkomfa yayo yokukhuphisana kwikhnoloji yununyukliya.

Kweneke ntoni?

Isiqithi saseThathu Mile sasikufutshane naseHarrisburg, ePa.

Kwakunamacandelo amabini asebenza ngamanzi. I-TMI-1 ingenise inkonzo ngo-1974 kwaye isasebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. I-TMI-2 yayingumsha wecala xa kwenzeka ingozi.

Ngomhla wama-28 Matshi 1979, isiphaluli sokupholisa singasebenzi, okuvumela ukuba i-cooling primary to exhaust. I-reactor ivalelwe ngokukhawuleza. Iveve yokukhulula ivuliwe imizuzwana eyishumi. Oko kwavumela ukuphefumula ngokwaneleyo ukubaleka ukuze kunciphise uxinzelelo kunye nokushisa. Kodwa yahlanganiswa kwindawo evulekile. Ngenxa yoko, zonke ipholile zakhutshwa. Kwakungekho sixhobo esingabaxelela izenzisi ukuba kwenzeke oku.

I-coolant entsha yagijimela kwitanki, kodwa iinjineli ngoku zicinga ukuba zininzi. Banciphise ukuhamba. I-coolant esele iphendukele kwi-steam. Izitshixo zamatye zigqithisekile, zinyibilike iingubo zokukhusela. Yakhupha izinto eziphathekayo ngama-radioactive kwi-coolant. Xa i-steam ikhutshwe, i-contamination ye-radioactive yakhululwa kwiindawo ezikufutshane.

Ngethamsanqa, imali ekhutshiwe yayingenako ukulimaza ukutya kwendawo, izilwanyana okanye abantu.

I-reactor TMI-2 ivaliwe. Kwathatha iminyaka eyi-12 kwaye ixabisa i-$ 973 yezigidi ukuze ihlaziywe kumazinga aphantsi emisebe. Kwakukho ama-10.6 megalitres e-coolant radioactive ayenziwa, agcinwe, kwaye aphephile.

Phantse iitoni ezili-100 zomoya owenzela i-radioactive ezonakalisiweyo zafakwa kuma-canisters angama-342. Bathunyelwa kwiLebhu yeSizwe yeLayibrari ye-Idaho kwaye bagcinwe izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi.

I-Three Mile Island namhlanje

Ngokutsho kweNyukliya yeNyukliya yehlabathi, akukho miphumo yezempilo eqinisekisiwe. Kunoko:

• ISebe lezeMpilo lasePennsylvania lilandele impilo yabantu abangama-30,000 abahlala kwii-5 miles zeThathu Mile Island. Yayeka emva kweminyaka engama-18 xa kungekho bubungqina bemiphumo yempilo engaqhelekanga yaboniswa.
• INkundla yesithili sase-US yaseHarrisburg yichitha isigwebo se-classroom ngo-Juni 1996. IJaji uSylvia Rambo uthe akukho bukho ubungqina bokuthi abantu abachasayo babone umonakalo wempilo kwengozi. Isibheno singaphambi kweNkundla yesiThathu yeSibheno seZibheno.
• Ubuncinane izifundo ezili-12 zavavanywa ukukhululwa kwemisebe kunye nemiphumo enokwenzeka. Akukho namnye afumane imiphumo emibi yempilo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaxwebhu amaninzi athetha ukuba kukho umonakalo. Bathi urhulumente akathembekanga ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo:

• I-Three Mile Island: I-People's Testament , incwadi esekelwe kwi-interviews kunye nabahlali abangama-250, ithi abantu abaninzi babika izifo ezihambelana nokuchasana nomonakalo owenziwe ngamachiza enyukliya. Enye incwadi, Abantu baThathu Mile Island , babhalwa iingxelo ezifanayo.

• Uphononongo lwengingqi lwabahlali abangama-450 kuloo ndawo bafumene ukufa komdlavuza wesi-9 phakathi ko-1980 no-1984.
• Amakhulu amacala okugwetywa apheliswe ngaphandle kwenkundla. Izigidi zeedola zihlawulisa abazali bezingane ezizalwe ziintsilelo zokuzalwa kuloo ndawo.

Ukufumana imizekelo embalwa, khangela iMvelaphi yokuQala malunga neThathu Mile Island Nuclear Disaster.

Impembelelo yoqoqosho

Ukwakhiwa kwezityalo ezintsha zenyukliya kwanyuswa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva kwengozi. Namhlanje, kusetyenziswe amashishini angama-99 namhlanje, ukubonelela ngamaphesenti angama-20 ombane wesizwe, iSebe leMandla lixhasa izityalo ezininzi zenyukliya njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuthembela kwamanye amazwe kwi-oli kunye nokunciphisa ukushisa kwegesi.

Ngo-2007, iinkampani zaqala ukufaka isicelo kwiKhomishoni ye-Nuclear Regulatory Commission yase-United States yokwakha izityalo ezintsha.

Ukususela ngoko, ezintlanu sele ziqalise ukwakhiwa, kwaye ezinye iinkampani ezili-12 zikhangele kuyo. Kuthatha phantse iminyaka engama-9 kuyo yonke inkqubo, kuquka iminyaka emine yokwakha. (Umthombo: "Ukwakha iZibonelelo zeMandla eNyukliya ezintsha," i-NEI.org )

ISebe leMandla licele iJapan ukuba lincede ekuphuhliseni izityalo zamandla enyukliya amatsha. IJapan inezobuchule obuninzi kwiimpembelelo eziphambili, ezikhawulezayo ezivelisa inkunkuma encinci yomsakazo ngexesha livelisa amandla angaphezulu. Umbhali we-US wamandulo uSamel Bodman wamkela ukuba iJapan inezona zenzululwazi ezilungileyo kakhulu kunye neenjineli ezi ntlobo ezintsha. (Umthombo: Isebe le-Amandla ase-US, i-United States-Intsebenziswano yaseJapan ngoKhuselo lweMandla, "iNgcaciso yeNkonzo yeeNdalo, i-US kunye neJapan yeSicwangciso seNtsebenziswano seMandla eNyukliya, ngoJanuwari 10, 2007)

Ukuthelekisa kwezinye iiNtlekele

Iindleko zezoqoqosho zentlekele ye-Three Mile Island ayikho indawo ephantsi kweendleko zezinye izingozi zesikhululo samandla enyukliya. Inkomfa ye- nyukliya yaseJapan ingabiza iiligidi ezingama-200 zamawaka. Inhlekelele yenyukliya yaseChernobyl yabiza eziliqela eziligidi zeedola.

EUnited States, isiqhwithi uKatrina saba yintlekele enkulu e-US. Ixabisa phakathi kweedola ezili-125 ezigidi ukuya kuma-250 billion. Ingqonge ukukhula kwePGDP ukuya kuma-1.3 ekhulwini kwikota yesi-4 ka-2005. Ichaphazele i-19 ekhulwini yemveliso yeoli kunye nexabiso lentengo yegesi kwi-5 ye-gallon.